Dongola ( Arabic: دنقلا ) is a city located in the Sudanese state of North in the Nubian desert on the middle reaches of the Nile . Not to be confused with Old Dongola , an ancient city located 80 km upstream of the Nile on the opposite bank.
| City | |
| Dongola | |
|---|---|
| دنقلا Dunqulā | |
| A country |  Sudan |
| Vilayat | Northern state |
| History and Geography | |
| Timezone | UTC + 3 |
| Population | |
| Population | 13 563 people ( 2012 ) |
Content
History
Dongola is part of Upper Nubia and is located on both sides of the Nile. As archaeologists were able to establish, Old Dongola existed already in the days of Kush , and subsequently served as the capital of the Mukurr kingdom . The final Islamization took place at the time of Sennar (XVI century). In 1821, after the raid of Muhammad Ali, the region was subordinated to Egypt .
Since 1885, the Dongol region was part of the Mahdi possessions, and here in 1896 the British general Herbert Kitchener defeated the Mahdists. In honor of this event, a street (Dongola Road) in the southern English city of Bishopston and also a road in Tottenham , which runs next to Kitchener's estate, were named.
Climate
| The climate of Dongola (1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average maximum, ° C | 26.7 | 29.4 | 33.8 | 38.6 | 41.8 | 43,4 | 42,2 | 41.8 | 39.8 | 38,4 | 32.1 | 28.3 | 36,4 |
| Average temperature, ° C | 17.6 | 19.6 | 23.9 | 28.5 | 32.1 | 34.0 | 33.6 | 33.5 | 32,3 | 29.4 | 23.5 | 19.3 | 27.3 |
| Average minimum ° C | 8.5 | 9.8 | 13.9 | 18.5 | 22.3 | 24.7 | 25.0 | 25,2 | 24.7 | 20,4 | 14.8 | 10,2 | 18.2 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 7.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 13.6 |
| A source: | |||||||||||||
Traffic
At the end of 2012, the modern Dongola- Wadi Halfa asphalt highway (east of the Nile) was commissioned. Also, after some warming of relations between Egypt and North Sudan , a cross-border road from Wadi Half to Egypt was completed, the inauguration of which was expected on September 20, 2012, but was delayed for several months due to a delay in construction. These two segments will be part of the trans-African Cairo-Cape Town Highway .
Literature
- Ancient and medieval sources on ethnography and the history of the peoples of Africa south of the Sahara, vol. 1, M. — L., 1960; Smirnov S. P., History of Sudan (1821-1956), M., 1968.
- Katznelson, I. S., Nubia under the rule of Egypt, Vestnik MGU, 1948, No. 6; him, Slavery in Kush, "Bulletin of Ancient History", 1964, No. 2; him, Napata and Meroe - the ancient kingdoms of Sudan, M., 1970;
- Arkell AJ, A history of the Sudan. From the earliest times to 1821, 2 ed., L., 1961; Hofmann J., Die Kulturen des Niltals von Aswan bis Sennar, Hamb., 1967.
Topographic maps
- Map sheet E-36-VII . Scale: 1: 200,000 .
Links
- Dongola // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Wikimedia Commons has Dongol-related media files
- Population on World Gazetteer