Yakub Kolas (real name and surname Konstantin Mikhailovich Mitskevich , Belor. Kanstancin Michailavich Mitskevich ; October 22 ( November 3 ) 1882 - August 13, 1956 ) - Belarusian Soviet writer, poet and translator, public figure. One of the classics and founders of the new Belarusian literature . People's poet of the Byelorussian SSR ( 1926 ). Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Byelorussian SSR ( 1928 ). Member of the USSR SP ( 1934 ). Honored Scientist of the Byelorussian SSR ( 1944 ). Member of the CPSU (b) since 1945 .
| Yakub Kolas | |||||||||
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| Yakub Kolas | |||||||||
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| Birth name | Konstantin Mikhailovich Mitskevich | ||||||||
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| Place of Birth | Okinchitsy village, Minsk Province Russian Empire , now the Columns | ||||||||
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| Occupation | prose writer , poet , translator , public figure | ||||||||
| Years of creativity | 1906-1956 | ||||||||
| Direction | neo-romanticism , symbolism , socialist realism | ||||||||
| Language of Works | Belarusian , Russian | ||||||||
| Debut | 1898 (in Russian), 1906 (in white.) | ||||||||
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Biography
He was born on October 22 ( November 3 ), 1882 in the village of Akinchitsy (now the territory of the city of Stolbtsy, Stolbtsy district, Minsk region, Belarus ), in the family of forester Mikhail (Mikhas) Mitskevich.
He graduated from the public school, in 1902 - Nesvizh teacher's seminary. He worked as a teacher in Pinchine (1902-1906). In 1906, the first publication was the poem “The Land of the Motherland” in the Belarusian newspaper Our Share. In 1907, he headed the literary department of the Belarusian newspaper Nasha Niva in Vilna [3] . For participation in the organization of an illegal teacher's congress, he was sentenced to imprisonment, which he was serving in a Minsk prison (1908–1911). In 1912–1914, he was a teacher in Pinsk , where his eldest son, Daniel , was born to him, who later became the founder and first director of his father’s museum.
In 1915 he was evacuated along with his family in the Moscow region, worked as a teacher in Dmitrovsky district. In the same year, mobilized into the army. He graduated from the Alexander Military School (Moscow, 1916) and served in the reserve regiment in Perm. At this time, his family moved to Oboyan (Kursk Province). In the rank of second lieutenant in the summer of 1917 he was sent to the Romanian front.
After demobilization (1918) he worked as a teacher in the city of Oboyan.
In May 1921 he moved to Minsk . In the future, engaged in creative and scientific activities.
Academician ( 1928 ), since 1929 - Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR , deputy of the Supreme Council of the BSSR ( 1938 - 1956 ).
During the Great Patriotic War in the evacuation in the Moscow region, Tashkent, Moscow. In 1944 he returned to Minsk.
Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ( 1946 - 1956 ), chairman of the Belarusian Republican Committee for the Protection of Peace. One of the editors of the academic Russian-Belarusian Dictionary ( 1953 ).
At the end of his life, he was sick a lot and often, in particular, he suffered 26 pneumonia. Yakub Kolas died suddenly on August 13, 1956 . He was buried at the Military cemetery in Minsk [4] .
Awards and prizes
- Stalin Prize of the first degree (1946) - for the poem "Salar", "Voice of the Earth", "To the West", "My Friend", "Native Way", "In May Days", "Dear Victory"
- Stalin Prize Second Degree (1949) - for the poem "Fisherman's Hut" (1947)
- five orders of Lenin (including 01/31/1939, 12/30/1948, 11/06/1951, 11/03/1952)
- Order of the Red Banner (09/16/1943)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (11.11.1946)
- Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1 degree [5]
- People's Poet of the Byelorussian SSR (10/18/1926)
- Honored Scientist of the Byelorussian SSR (07.01.1944)
Creativity
Before the October Revolution there were collections of poems “Songs of bondage” ( 1908 ), “Songs of sorrow” ( 1910 ), separate chapters of the epic poem “New Earth” [6] , as well as collections of prose “Stories” ( 1912 ), “Native Images” ( 1914 ).
In the twenties of the 20th century, the poems “Novaya Zemlya” ( 1923 ), “Symon the Musician” ( 1925 ), the novella “In the Polissya Wilderness” ( 1922 ), “In the Depth of Polesye” ( 1928 ), “In the Vast Spaces of Life” ( 1926 ), separate lyric poems, plays. In the thirties, written cycles of poems "Collective Farm" ( 1930 ), "Autumn" ( 1935 ), the story "Outcast" (1930-1931). The events of the revolution and civil war are reflected in the story "The quagmire" (Drygva, 1933 ).
The masterful image of the native nature, deep knowledge of the psychology of the Belarusian peasantry is characteristic of Kolas' creativity.
Nowhere does Kolas make him feel that he has risen above his people. He knows that there is no height higher than the people themselves, with their understanding of their most ordinary life. He seems to share everything that is concerned about, what is puzzled about, what his characters are talking about, he is in them, they are in him. Maybe, only in Sholokhov, in another popular element, Cossack, there is the same homespun truth of the peasant soul. [7]
- Dmitry Kovalev
The influence of the national poet of Belarus on their work was recognized by A. T. Tvardovsky , M. V. Isakovsky , N. M. Gribachev . English translator Vera Rich compared the "New Earth" with the works of Shakespeare .
In the collections of poems "Otomstim" ( 1942 ) and "Voice of the Earth" ( 1943 ), in the poems "Judgment in the Forest" ( 1943 ) and "Retribution" ( 1945 ), the poet glorifies the steadfastness of the Belarusian people, the feats of the partisans, expresses confidence in the victory over the fascist invaders. The poem “Rybakova Khata” ( 1947 ) is dedicated to the struggle of the Belarusian people for the reunification of Western Belarus with the Byelorussian SSR .
The trilogy "On Rosstanzhi" ("In the wilderness of Polissya" ( 1923 ); "In the depths of Polesie" ( 1927 ); "At the Crossroads", ( 1954 )), which was started in 1921 , tells about the pre-revolutionary life of the Belarusian peasantry and people's intelligentsia.
Many poetic works of J. Kolas were set to music.
Bibliography
Poetry, prose, journalism
- belor “Pesni-pity” ( 1910 , Vilnia )
- belor “Apavyadan” ( 1912 , Vilnia )
- belor “Family Laws” ( 1914 , Vilnia )
- belor "Tostay Palen" ( 1913 , St. Petersburg )
- belor Nemanakar Gift ( 1913 , St. Petersburg )
- belor “Prapak Chalavek. Pascal beast. Pears sapyazhanki " ( 1913 , St. Petersburg )
- belor “The servant boy. Yak Yurka zbagatsek " ( 1913 , St. Petersburg )
- belor Kazki zhytstsya ( 1921 , Kovno )
- belor Vodgulla ( 1922 )
- belor "New land" ( 1923 )
- belor "In the wilderness paleeskay" ( 1923 )
- belor “Croc for Crome” ( 1925 )
- belor "On the rims" ( 1925 )
- belor The First Crocheted ( 1925 )
- belor "At tsiha vadze" ( 1925 )
- belor Symon Music ( 1925 )
- belor “On the Pastores of Zhytsia” ( 1926 )
- belor "At the heaps of Palesia" ( 1927 )
- belor "Hamshapenets" ( 1932 )
- belor "Drygva" ( 1934 )
- belor “Our Days” ( 1937 )
- belor "Adpomstsim" ( 1942 )
- belor “Golyas zyamli” ( 1943 )
- belor "The Court of the Forest" ( 1943 )
- belor Adplata ( 1946 )
- belor My Home ( 1946 )
- belor "Rybakova hut" ( 1947 )
- belor "On the Rosta" ( 1955 )
- belor "Long live the mizh us genіy" ( 1952 )
- belor "Publitsychychy ry krytychnyya artykuly" ( 1957 )
Works for Children
- belor "Mіkhasyovy prygody" ( 1935 )
- belor "Cancer vusach" ( 1938 )
- belor "On the Rechts Zimoy" ( 1941 )
- belor "Verscha for dzhyatsey" ( 1945 )
- belor "The old oaks" ( 1941 )
- belor “Early life” ( 1950 )
Published educational literature:
- belor “Another tidy for the jar of Belarus” ( Petersburg , 1909 )
- belor "Metodyka Rodnaemov" ( 1926 )
Plays
- belor "Antosh Lata" ( 1917 )
- belor "On the darose of zhytstsya" ( 1917 )
- belor "Strikes" ( 1925 )
- belor Vaina Vaine ( 1927 )
- belor "At the Palesch pushes" ( 1938 )
Translations
He translated into Belarusian the poem “Poltava” by A. S. Pushkin , selected works by T. Shevchenko , P. Tychyna , A. Mitskevich , Rabindranath Tagore .
Translated into Russian
- Kolas, I. On the pages: Trilogy / Yakub Kolas; Per. with white E. Mozolkova. - M .: Soviet writer, 1956. - 610, [2] p.
- Kolas, I. Collected Works: 3 t. / Yakub Kolas; preparation of the text and notes G. Korabelnikov, E. Mozolkova; introductory article E. Mozolkova. - M .: Izvestia, 1958.
Screenshots
- 1929 - Spring Song (based on the novel “In the vastness of life”) (dir. Vladimir Gardin , Belgoskino )
- 1960 - The first tests (based on the trilogy "On Russia") (dir. Vladimir Korsh-Sablin , 2 series, " Belarusfilm ")
- 1976 - Symon the musician (film-play based on the poem “Symon-music”) (dir. Valery Mazynsky , “ Beltelefilm ”)
- 1982 - New Earth (based on the poem "New Earth") (dir. Vladimir Tretyakov, 2 series, " Beltelefilm ")
- 2012 - Talash (screen version of the story "Drygva") (dir. Sergey Shulga , 4 series, UE "National Film Studio" Belarusfilm "")
Memory
The State Literary and Memorial Museum of Yakub Kolas operates in Minsk (5 Akademicheskaya Street) [8] . At the birthplace of the poet, a branch of the Nikolayevshchina Museum (“Mikalayyushchyna”) was opened, which unites four memorial estates - Smolnya, Okinchitsy, Albut and Lastok.
For works of prose, works in the field of literary criticism and criticism in the Republic of Belarus, the Yakub Kolas State Prize is awarded [9] .
The image of the poet is embodied in a number of monuments.
In 1957, the USSR postage stamp with the image of Yakub Kolas was issued. In 1992, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued a commemorative coin in memory of the poet. In 2002, a coin and a stamp were issued in Belarus, dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the birth of J. Kolas.
In 2002, in the village of Lyusino, Gantsevichi District, to the 120th anniversary of Yakub Kolas, a memorial sign was installed on the site of the school where the classic worked.
On September 4, 2011, in the city of Gantsevichi , a monument to Yakub Kolas was installed during the celebration of the Day of Belarusian Literature.
In 2012 in the Mikhailovsky Pushkin Reserve the exhibition “Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas - Belarusian Songs” was held in honor of the anniversary of the writers.
In the city of Pinsk, depicted by the author in the trilogy On Rostans, there is a memorial plaque on the former house where Yakub Kolas lived when he worked here as a teacher. A memorial plaque from 2017 is also in Vilnius , at the house where Kolas worked in 1907 in the editorial office of the Belarusian newspaper Nasha Niva, he dedicated two parts of the poem Novaya Zemlya to Vilnius [3] .
A monument to Yakub Kolas was erected in Tashkent on August 29, 2018 in the form of a bust behind the building of the State Museum of Art of Uzbekistan near the intersection of Shakhrisabz and Taras Shevchenko streets. Yakub Kolas lived in Tashkent from August 14, 1941 to November 1, 1943. His best friends in Tashkent were Uzbek poets Hamid Alimjan and Zulfiya. They lived near the house where Yakub Kolas lived, as noted in the press service of the Ministry of Culture [11] .
Monument to Yakub Kolas in Minsk
Postage stamp of the Republic of Belarus, 2002
Postage stamp of the USSR , 1957
Coin of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, 1992
Coin of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus, 2002
House-Museum of Yakub Kolas in Pinsk
Objects named after Yakub Kolas
See also Category: Objects named after Yakub Kolas
- Yakub Kolas Square ( Minsk ) (here is a monument to Yakub Kolas and the Minsk Metro Station Yakub Kolas Square)
- National Academic Drama Theater. Yakub Kolas ( Vitebsk )
- Central Scientific Library. Ya. Kolas NAS of Belarus ( Minsk )
- Nesvizh State College named after Y. Kolas ( Nesvizh )
- Streets: see Yakub Kolas Street
In culture
- The song of the group “Brutto” “Our take” was written on the eponymous poem by Yakub Kolas [12] .
Notes
- B BNF ID : Open Data Platform - 2011.
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118640216 // General Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- 2 1 2 Atminimo lenta įrengta ant Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto pastato, kur Baltarusijos poetas Jakubas Kolasas dirbo laikraščio "Naša Niva" redakcijoje , sputniknews.lt (12 November 2017).
- ↑ Yakub Kolas // Belaruskіn pіsmennіkі (1917–1990): Davenik / Warehouse. A. K. Gardzicki; nav red A. L. Verabey. - Minsk : Mastatskaya literature, 1994. - p. 291-293.
- ↑ The name in the Belarusian science: 130 years since the birth of Yakub Kolas // Database "History of Belarusian Science in Persons" of the Central Scientific Library. Y. Kolas NAS of Belarus.
- ↑ New Earth
- ↑ Ear of the Belarusian Niva. Article about the works of J. Kolas, written by the poet Dmitry Kovalev
- ↑ Yakub Kolas State Literary and Memorial Museum
- ↑ State Prizes of the Republic of Belarus Archival copy of June 2, 2013 on the Wayback Machine .
- ↑ Sycheva L. Yakub and Yanka are still with us (Inaccessible link) . Journal "Heir" (naslednick.ru). The date of circulation is January 9, 2013. Archived March 29, 2015.
- ↑ A bust of Belarusian writer Yakub Kolas, Gazeta.uz, is open in Tashkent .
- ↑ Brutto: “We are setting up a new era of ў rakenrole” (preme'er pesnі in the words of Yakub Kolas)
Literature
- Aleksandrovich, S. Kh. Hell Rodnae Zhyamly: Apowessity of Law and Youth Y. Kolas / S. Kh. Aleksandrovich. - Minsk: Dzyarzvyd BSSR, 1962. - 236 p.
- Aleksandrovich, S. Kh. On shyrok prastora: Staronkі zhytstsya Yakub Kolas / S. Kh. Aleksandrovich. - Minsk: Mastatskaya literature, 1972. - 429 p.
- Aleksandrovich, S. Kh. Kryzhavyya Darogi: Apovets Pra Yakub Kolas / S. Kh. Aleksandrovich. - Minsk: Mastatskaya Literature, 1985. - 333 p.
- Luzhanin, M. Yakub Kolas says / M. Luzhanin; authorized by translation from white E. Mozolkova. - Moscow: Soviet writer, 1964. - 398 p.
- Naumenka, I. Y. Z glybіn zhytstsya: Krytychnyy etsyudy ab creative hours of Yakub Kolas / І. I. Naumenka. - Minsk: Dzarzhvydat, 1960. - 110 p.
- Naumenka, I. Y. Yakub Kolas: Heroes of the Spirit / I. I. Naumenka. - 2nd issued, daponenae. - Minsk: Issued by BDU, 1981. - 240 p.
- Naumenka, I. Y. Yakub Kolas: Narys zhytstsya i creative hours / І. I. Naumenka. - 2nd issued, sa zmenannyam. - Minsk: National Asveta, 2003. - 205 p.
- Pshyrko, Yu. S. Yakub Kolas: Life and Creativity / Yu. S. Pshyrko. - Minsk: Vydavetstva Academia Navuk BSSR, 1951. - 167 p.
- Pshyrko, Yu. S. Trylogiya Yakub Kolas "On Rostantes" / Yu. S. Pshyrko. - Minsk: Vydavetstva Academia Navuk BSSR, 1956. - 226 p.
- Pshyrkova, Yu. S. Epas revalyutsi: Ya. Kolas's “New Land” and “Symon-Music” paemas, “On Rostantes” trail / Yu. S. Pshyrko. - Minsk: Higher School, 1975. - 238 p.
- Pshyrko, Yu. S. Letapіsets svaygo people: Zhytstsev i creative way of Yakub Kolas / Yu. S. Pshyrkoў. - Minsk: Science and Technology, 1982. - 367 p.