Martial Arts -
- confrontation of two people (opponents) one on one [1] without or using weapons (firearms or cold weapons), one against two ( group ) is already a hassle or a deed ;
- a kind of sporting event in which two participants physically oppose each other in order to determine the winner in the fight, using either only physical strength or also various sports equipment and / or hand cold steel .
Previously, the goal of martial arts was the victory of one person (enemy) over another, with the possibility of capturing him ( slavery ), killing to seize property or forcing him to leave the place of martial arts. Martial arts later appeared in Ancient Greece ( Olympics , Olympic Games ) where they competed in applied military physical disciplines (running, javelin, hammer and so on) according to certain rules.
And the goal of combat sports is, acting within the framework of the established rules, to conduct techniques that can cause the opponent maximum physical damage or put the opponent in a disadvantageous position, and also, accordingly, defend against similar moves of the opponent.
Content
Martial Arts and Martial Arts
It is necessary to separate the concepts of martial arts and martial art . Not all martial arts are martial arts, just as not all martial arts can be recognized as martial arts. Martial art may involve fighting more than one opponent. Then this is not a single combat. On the other hand, in martial arts an important role is played by spiritual principles and even religious postulates, while in martial arts everything is either sports, or is considered in an applied aspect .
Martial Arts Classification
Martial arts, conditionally, are divided into sports and combat.
Martial Arts
Purpose: determination of the best in their sport , the highest sports achievements (victory at the Olympics , the title of international master of sports ), world fame. In this case, more stringent rules and restrictions apply (in order to minimize injuries ). A variety of protective devices are also used (gloves, burl in boxing and karate , helmets, masks in fencing, etc.).
Martial arts, unlike any other of the following, allows you to clearly systematize statistically a number of indicators, including injuries:
| Sport or kind of BI | % injuries sustained during | Prevailing localization of injuries | The average coefficient of injuries of varying severity per 1000 sparings (of which concussions ) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| training | competition | head | ankle | shoulder joint | elbow joint | knee-joint | ||
| Boxing | 70 | thirty | Yes | Not | Not | Not | Not | n / a |
| Muay Thai | n / a | n / a | Yes | Yes | Not | Not | Not | from 2.79 among professionals to 13.5 among amateurs |
| Taekwondo | 81.5 | 18.5 | Yes | Yes | Not | Not | Not | from 0.4 to 139.5 (SM: from 4.6 to 50.2) among all age groups |
| Wrestling | 63 | 37 | Not | Not | Yes | Not | Yes | n / a |
| MMA | 77.9 | 22.1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | from 85.1 to 228.7 (SM: up to 48.3) among all involved, up to 236 among professionals |
| Karate | 70 | thirty | Yes | Not | Not | Not | Not | varies depending on the specific style |
| Judo | 70 | thirty | Not | Not | Yes | Yes | Yes | n / a |
| Bjj | n / a | n / a | Not | Not | Not | Yes | Yes | n / a |
| Amer. football | n / a | n / a | Not | Yes | Yes | Not | Yes | up to 8.1 |
Information sources
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Martial Arts
Purpose: to survive in case of mortal danger, and in case of death - to inflict maximum damage to the enemy. The main task of martial arts is to bring opponents into a non-operational state (up to physical destruction). Basically - this is a combined hand-to-hand combat. Training is similar to training in martial arts, the program also includes situations designed to help protect against several opponents, as well as ways to use a variety of improvised tools that are useful in a real combat situation.
Mixed Martial Arts
Mixed martial arts is one of the forms of martial arts, in which representatives of various martial arts and martial arts meet. There are rules, but there are minimum restrictions in comparison with the style and specific rules of the competition, which allows athletes to show a wide arsenal of technical actions.
Other martial arts
Depending on the arsenal of materiel used, martial arts can take place with the use of weapons (sticks, stabbing or chopping cold weapons , nunchaku , etc.) or without.
Martial arts also differ in the dominant technique, which may, in particular, be strikes , shocks, grabs , throws, painful techniques, strangulation, etc.
Martial Arts Examples
International Views
Without weapons
- Armsport
- Boxing
- Wing chun
- Freestyle wrestling
- Viet Vo Tao
- Grappling
- Yes kong
- Judo
- Jujutsu
- Jeet Kune-Do
- Capoeira
- Karate
- Ashihara
- Wado-ryu
- Goju ryu
- Gosoku-ryu
- Kyokushin
- Kyokushin Budokai
- Braids
- Ryubu Kai
- Shorinji-ryu
- Sotokan
- Shindo Jinen-ryu
- Shito Ryu
- Saido
- Sadokaykan
- Ueti-ryu
- Free Fight Karate
- Fudokan
- Ensign
- Kudo
- Kubat
- Kickboxing
- Classic wrestling
- Kovat Alrami
- Sambo
- Shorinji kempo
- Sumo
- Thai boxing (Muay Thai)
- Taekwondo
- Wtf
- GTF
- ITF
- Wushu
- Wushu sanshaw
- Wushu Taol
- Tai chi
- Hapkido
With weapons
- Karate
- Yoshukai
- Ishin-ryu
- Katy-ryu
- Maybukan
- Motobu-ryu
- Rueu-ryu
- Sorin Ryu
- Shuri-ryu
- Chito-ryu
- Kendo
- Kobudo
- Matayoshi
- Ryukyu
- Yamanni-ryu
- Fencing
Russia
- Free Fight
- Combat Sambo
- Fist fight
- Army hand-to-hand combat
- Effective Combat System (SEB)
- Buza
- Slavic Style of Self-Defense
- Slavic-Goritsky struggle
- ROSS system
- Chemisov's style
National Species in Other Countries
- Aikido
- Arnis
- Capoeira
- Krav Maga
- Kurash
- Kendo
- Koch
- Nihon kempo
- Nyat Nam
- Ning jutsu
- Turon
- Dafkundo
See also
- Martial arts
Notes
- ↑ Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T.F. Efremova. 2000.