Rod is a form of social organization. It is a group of people who raise their origin to a common ancestor - the founder of the clan or the ancestor - along one (maternal or paternal) line.
Content
Ancestor
The ancestor was not necessarily human, it could be a mythical hero, deity, and even an animal (i.e., a zoomorphic intelligent creature). In the latter case, the ancestor was a totem of the clan. The lineage and the clan are the two main varieties of the clan organization [1] .
Difference between Kinship and Chiefdom
The difference between the genus and the larger social formation - chiefdoms - is that chiefdom is usually larger and consists of several communities. Also in kind sometimes there is no formal system of leadership and laws. Administrative matters can be decided either by a senior in the family , or by the spiritual leader of the clan (for example, a shaman ), or simply by the most authoritative member of the clan. As laws can be used tribal traditions, usually transmitted orally. In the chiefdom, as a rule, there is a formal leader - the leader .
Difference from a clan community
The genus is quite significantly different from the single-order form of social organization — the community ; at least by the fact that the community consists of families, and the majority of clans, by virtue of clan exogamy , cannot be made up of families by definition.
In Soviet science, it was widely believed that the tribal society in its development alternately goes through two stages - the period of the mother and the period of the father . It was believed that in the maternal gender, the industrial relations of people, as a rule, coincided with the relations between blood relatives . [2] With the development of productive forces, there is a transition to a new period of the clan system - the stage of the paternal clan. For many peoples, such a transition was accompanied by the spread of shepherd cattle breeding, metallurgy and plow farming. The large patriarchal family is turning into the economic unit of society. [2]
According to another point of view, the clan and community represented different, albeit coexisting, social associations. The genus had mainly marriage-regulatory functions and did not fulfill the role of a production cell in the early period of clan relations. It was believed that in this case, the genus manifested itself as a maternal or paternal one, depending not on the period of development, but due to specific conditions. The community played a special role in this. It turned into the economic unit of society and the most important social organism. It is noted that the community included , by virtue of the law, exogamy of representatives of different clans (during matrilocular marriage, men entered the clan community of the wife, and during patrilocal marriage, the women entered the clan community of the husband) . The basis of such a community was composed of people from the same family. [2]
Exogamy is characteristic of most generic groups; however, an important exception here are the generic groups of the Near and Middle East, for which generic endogamy was traditionally typical [1] .
The main position of L. Morgan - the genus appeared earlier than the family, which seems to be a product of relatively late social development.
Examples of Famous Ancient Clans
- Rurikovich
- Borjigin
See also
- Clan
- Lineage
- Tribal community
- Rod and women in labor
- Kinship
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Korotaev A.V. , Obolonkov A.A. Generic organization in the socio-economic structure of class societies // Soviet Ethnography . - 1989. - No. 2. - S. 36-45.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Genus // Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Literature
- Rod / Popov V.A. // Motherwort - Rumcherod. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2015 .-- S. 575-576. - (The Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 28). - ISBN 978-5-85270-365-1 .
- Korotaev A.V. , Obolonkov A.A. Generic organization in the socio-economic structure of class societies // Soviet Ethnography . - 1989. - No. 2. - S. 36-45.
- Korotaev A.V. From chiefdom to tribe? Some trends in the evolution of political systems in Northeast Yemen over the past 2 thousand years // Ethnographic Review . - 1996. - No. 2. - S. 81-91.