Alekseevskoe military school

XIX century

In 1864, by order of the Minister Dmitry Milyutin , the Moscow Infantry Cadet School was founded, which became the first cadet school, which allowed military personnel who had not completed secondary school to receive a higher officer education. Alexey Kronman was appointed the head of the school ^[3] . The school was given two offices of the Catherine Palace , called the Red Barracks , which at the end of the XVIII century Paul I gave to the military. Also in the red barracks was located the Moscow 3rd Cadet Corps ^[4] .

At that time, only volunteers who were on active military service could enter the training. After graduation, graduates returned to their regiments with the rank of sub-ensigns ^[5] . In 1886, one-year and two-year courses were opened at the school. On one-year recruited only junkers with higher education. People with secondary education were accepted for two-year courses, for admission they needed a certificate of maturity or a certificate of completion of seven classes of a real school , this made it possible to get a military rank , along with the performance of military duty . However, due to an excessively large flow of people with higher education, in 1897 the one-year course was canceled, and the school was renamed the Moscow Military School. From now on, admission to the volunteers was no longer required for admission, and upon graduation, the cadets received an officer's rank ^[5] .

XX century

In 1906, the son of Nicholas II , Tsarevich Alexei Nikolayevich (who was only two years old at the time), was appointed head of the school, in connection with which the school again changed its name and became the Alekseevsky military school ^[5] .

During the October 1917 armed clashes, pupils and teachers of the school fought against the Bolsheviks , and already in November of the same year, after the defeat of the interim government supporters, the school was disbanded, and the buildings were turned over to the 1st Soviet Moscow Infantry Command Courses ^[5] .

Subsequently, some graduates and pupils who did not complete the courses took part in hostilities against the Bolsheviks as part of the White Army ^[3] .

In the 1920s an infantry school named after Mikhail Ashenbrenner was placed in the building of the Alekseevsky Military School, later on the basis of which the Tambov Infantry School was established ^[3] . In 1945, the Tambov Infantry School was named after Marshal of the Soviet Union Boris Shaposhnikov ^[3] .

Modernity

At present, the building of the former Alekseevsky Military School is still owned by the military, now it houses the hostel of the Combined Arms Academy and the Military University of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ^[3] .

There were five companies in the school, each of which included two half - hems - senior and junior cadets. The companies and half companies were staffed strictly according to the ranking, the fifth company was mixed. The companies were consolidated into a battalion under the command of the assistant commander of the school for the combat unit. In disciplinary terms, the head of the school had the rights of the regimental commander. Each company had its own nickname:

• 1st company - "crocodiles"
• 2nd company - "cab drivers"
• 3rd company - "girls"
• 4th company - "scales"
• 5th company - “drummers” ^[5]

After the outbreak of the First World War , the staff of the school was significantly increased to two battalions ^[6] .

For pupils, regular pedestrian or visiting excursions to places of military glory and historical monuments were held ^[3] .

School Banner

In 1897, the school was awarded the banner. It was a canvas with an image in the center of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God , which was attached to a yellow pole ^[3] .

Epaulettes

The shoulder straps of the school were scarlet without an edging with a yellow monogram in the shape of the letter “A” of Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich and with a gold overlay monogram of His Highness's company ^[3] .

Badge

The badge was assigned to the school in 1913. In its center there was a red cross with a gold and black rim on the edges, topped with a gold imperial crown . Crossed crossbones were placed under the cross. In the middle of the badge was a double-headed eagle , on which the golden monogram of Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich was depicted in the shape of the letter “A”, as well as on shoulder straps. At the lower end of the cross was the inscription "1864" - the year of foundation of the school ^[3] .

Anniversary sign

The jubilee badge was approved in 1908 and appeared as a silver wreath, tied with a ribbon on which the inscription was engraved: “ February 19, 1906 ” - the date of the appointment of Tsarevich Alexei as the school's chief. Inside the wreath, a silver monogram of heir A under the Imperial crown was depicted on a red enamel bulge shield ^[3] .

From 1864 until the beginning of World War I, the school graduated about 8,150 officers. In 1914, three editions of 200 people each were produced. The following year, 1,500 officers were sent under the accelerated program to the army. In 1916, a record was set: six issues with a total of 3,600 people. Thus, for all the years of its existence from 1864 to 1917, the Alekseev School graduated about 13,850 officers ^[3] .

• From August 10, 1864 to February 4, 1874 - Captain (from April 4, 1865, Lieutenant Colonel, from March 31, 1868, Colonel) Alexey Kronman
• From February 4, 1874 to January 12, 1876 - Colonel Alexander Nikolaevich Kuzyaevsky
• from 1876 to 1889 - lieutenant colonel (colonel) Nikolai Ivanovich Galahov
• From November 23, 1889 to December 6, 1896 - Colonel (from August 30, 1894 Major General) Nikolay Shatilov .
• From December 24, 1896 to June 25, 1901 - Colonel (from December 6, 1897, Major General) Pavel Alexandrovich von Lyming
• From July 27, 1901 to October 2, 1903 - Major General Pyotr Yakovlev
• from October 2, 1903 to April 27, 1905 - colonel (from December 6, 1904 Major General) Sergei Habalov
• From April 30, 1905 to May 8, 1909 - Major General (from December 6, 1908, Lieutenant General) Vladimir Gorbatovsky
• from May 22, 1909 to 1917 - Major General (from December 6, 1915 Lieutenant General) Nikolai Hamin ^[2] .

see Category: Graduates Alekseevskogo Military School

• Bezkorovayev, George Gavrilovich - George Knight
• Bibinov, Sergey Nikolaevich - Georgy Cavalier

• Photo archive of Alekseevsky military school, collected by enthusiasts.