Maui ( Gav. Maui ) - the second largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago and 17 largest island of the United States [2] . The area of the island is about 1883.5 km².
| Maui | |
|---|---|
| woof. Maui | |
| Specifications | |
| Square | 1883.5 km² |
| Highest point | 3055 [1] m |
| Population | 144,444 people (2010) |
| Population density | 76.69 people / km² |
| Location | |
| Archipelago | Hawaiian Islands |
| Water area | Pacific Ocean |
| A country |
|
| State | Hawaii |
Content
Geography
Administratively, Maui is part of the state of Hawaii and the largest island in Maui County . The three other islands in this county are Lanai , Kahoolawa and Molokai . According to 2010 data, the population of the island of Maui was 144,444 inhabitants, making it the third most populated island of the archipelago (after Oahu and Hawaii ). The largest settlement of the island, as well as its financial center, is a statistically isolated area of Kahului , whose population is 26,337 people [3] . Other large settlements: Kihei , , Makawao , Paia , , and .
The relief of the island is the result of a combination of geological, topographic and climatic factors. Like the other islands of the archipelago, Maui is built from dark volcanic rock. Volcanoes were located close enough to each other, so that lava flows blocking each other formed a single island. Maui is formed by two shield volcanoes , the lava flows of which created an isthmus between them [4] . The western volcano is more ancient, with a cone heavily destroyed as a result of erosion, on its slopes there is a sacred lake . East Volcano, Haleakala - Younger; its cone rises more than 3,000 m above sea level and more than 8,000 m from the bottom of the ocean. The last eruption of the Haleakal volcano occurred in 1790.
Haleakala National Park is located on the island.
History
The first people who arrived on the island were Polynesians from Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands , from which the indigenous population of the Hawaiian Islands was formed. In 1790, the king of the island of Hawaii Kameamea I invaded the island of Maui, but was forced to return home to fight with an opponent. However, the king captured Maui several years later.
The first European to see the island of Maui was Captain James Cook , who sailed past November 26, 1778. Cook never stepped on the land of Maui, not finding a convenient place to land on the island. The first of the Europeans to visit the island was Admiral Jean-Francois de Laperouz , who landed in the place known today as the Gulf of Laperouse, May 29, 1786. Following Laperuz, Maui began to be visited by many Europeans: merchants, whalers, lumberjacks and missionaries. Beginning in 1823, settlers from New England began to arrive, who began to settle in Lahaina, which at that time was the capital. Settlers have pretty much influenced the culture of the indigenous population. Missionaries began to teach Hawaiians to read and write, creating for this the Hawaiian alphabet , which consisted of only 12 letters. In addition, they began to record the history of the islands, which until then was transmitted only orally [5] . In 1831, missionaries opened the first school in Lahain, which still exists today.
During the spread of whaling (1843-1860), Lahaina was an important port for whaling vessels (the sailing song “ Rolling Down to Old Maui ” is widely known). The descendants of King Kameamea I ruled the islands until 1872, after which they were replaced by rulers from another ancient family who ruled until 1893, when the monarchy ceased to exist. The last queen of Hawaii was Liliuokalani . The Republic of Hawaii was formed a year later. In 1898, the Hawaiian Islands were annexed by the United States and received territory status. In 1959, Hawaii officially became the 50th state of the United States.
In 1937, mass strikes of workers against the owners of sugar cane plantations took place on the island of Maui. The main requirement of the protesters was to increase wages. During the Second World War, the island was an important transit point, training base and a center for the recreation of soldiers. At the turn of 1943 and 1944, up to 100,000 soldiers were stationed on Maui. The 4th Marine Corps Division was based at the time in the town of Haiku.
Economics
The economy of Maui is based on agriculture and tourism. The main crops are: coffee, macadamia nuts, papaya, sugarcane, pineapples and flowers. The main tourist attractions of the island are the Hana Highway, Haleakala National Park and the city of Lahaina. In 2004, 2,207,826 tourists visited Maui County; in 2007, their number was already 2 639 929 people. Most tourists come from the mainland of the United States and from Canada.
Maui is an important center for advanced astronomical research [6] . Haleakala Observatory is located on top of the volcano of the same name. The high altitude (over 3000 m), dry climate and the absence of light pollution create good conditions for almost year-round observation of various space objects [7] .
In December 2006, the unemployment rate on Maui was 1.7%; by March 2009, it grew to 9% [8] .
Transport
There are 3 airports on the island of Maui:
- in the east of the island]
- (in the central part of the island)
- (in the west of the island)
Gallery
Kahakuloa head
Fleming Beach
Road to hana
Notes
- ↑ Table 5.11 - Elevations of Major Summits . 2004 State of Hawaii Data Book . State of Hawaii (2004). Date of treatment July 23, 2007. Archived February 29, 2012.
- ↑ Table 5.08 - Land Area of Islands: 2000 . 2004 State of Hawaii Data Book . State of Hawaii (2004). Date of treatment July 23, 2007. Archived February 29, 2012.
- ↑ Table 1.05 - Resident Population of Islands 1950 to 2010 . 2010 State of Hawaii Data Book . State of Hawaii (2010). Date of treatment September 25, 2011. Archived July 16, 2013.
- ↑ How Hawaiian Volcanoes Work . Date of treatment May 6, 2008. Archived July 16, 2013.
- ↑ Goldman, Rita. Hale Pa'i . - May 2008. Archived May 31, 2010 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ Institute for Astronomy, Maui homepage . Date of treatment December 8, 2010. Archived July 16, 2013.
- ↑ Maui Space Surveillance Site . Date of treatment September 4, 2012. Archived September 29, 2007.
- ↑ Unemployment rate . Yahoo (Updated 4 December 2010).