GAZ-AAA - Soviet off-road truck . It was an implementation of the concept of creating a "six-wheeled" all-terrain vehicle by increasing the number of drive axles to two, so the wheel formula of a 4 Γ 2 car was turned into 6 Γ 4.
| GAZ-AAA | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Total information | |
| Manufacturer | GAS |
| Years of production | 1936 - 1943 |
| Assembly |  GAZ ( Gorky , USSR ) |
| Design | |
| Wheel formula | 6 Γ 4 |
| Engine | |
| carburetor 4-cylinder, in-line, working volume 3285 cm 3 , until 1937 compression ratio 4.25, power 40 liters. with. (GAZ-AA), since 1937 - compression ratio 4.6, power 50 l. with. at 2800 rpm (GAZ-MM) | |
| Transmission | |
| 10 gears (8 forward and 2 reverse) | |
| Specifications | |
| Mass-dimensional | |
| Length | 5335 mm |
| Width | 2040 mm |
| Height | 1970 mm |
| Clearance | 230 mm |
| Wheelbase | 3200 mm |
| Weight | 2475 kg |
| On the market | |
| Other | |
| Carrying capacity | 2000 kg on the highway, 1500 kg on the ground |
Background of three-axle vehicles
In the 1920s, the concept of three-axle (according to the then terminology of six-wheeled) cross-country vehicles with a 6 Γ 4 wheel formula became popular in the world automobile industry. In the USSR, the most careful attention was paid to cross-country vehicles (primarily for the needs of the Red Army ), so they initially started import purchases. For example, for operation in Central Asia, the popular French medium-sized passenger cars Renault MH were purchased, and for the Red Army, English heavy 7-ton Moreland TX6 trucks were purchased . On the basis of the latter in 1931 a heavy armored car D-9 was even created. At the end of 1930, a batch of 1000 three-axle (6 Γ 4) Timken Company Ford-Timken trucks with a carrying capacity of 1.5β2.5 tons, manufactured on the basis of the standard biaxial (4 Γ 2) Ford AA , was purchased in the United States. By the way, in America, this model has not received much recognition, but in the USSR it became the ancestor of all the βtriaxialβ. In 1931, the assembly of three-axle Ford-Timken from American kits was deployed at the First Automobile Assembly Plant . On the basis of Ford-Timken, already in 1931, medium-class armored vehicles D-13 , BAI and BA-3 were developed and produced in series in 1931-1934, and experimental floating auto-railway armored vehicles BAD-1 and BAA were created 2 . [2]
History of the creation and production of GAZ-AAA
In 1932, on its Ford AA chassis, NATI developed its own original three-axle version of a lorry with worm main gears of bridges and a multiplier. In the future, the design of GAZ-AAA was brought to the design bureau of GAZ special vehicles under the leadership of Vitaly Andreyevich Grachev . Serial production of GAZ-AAA was mastered in 1934 and continued until July 1943, when it was phased out due to large destruction of GAZ by Luftwaffe bomber aircraft. 37,373 GAZ-AAA trucks, including 3,331 armored vehicles of the BA-6 / BA-10 series and 194 GAZ-05-193 buses, were produced. One surviving GAZ-AAA is in the Museum of History of GAZ OJSC in Nizhny Novgorod , the second is in the Automobile Museum in Vladivostok .
Design
Structurally, GAZ-AAA was a three-axle modification of the GAZ-AA / GAZ-MM two-axle truck, where the rear drive axle was replaced by a two-axle trolley with balanced axle suspension with 4 longitudinal semi-elliptic springs, worm main gears and a 2-stage reduction gearbox in the transmission. The increase in the number of wheels associated with this made it possible to reduce the specific pressure from each of them on the ground, which made it possible to increase the car's passability on country and forest roads. The truck could climb a 27 Β° climb. In 1938, the truck went through modernization, having received a more powerful (50 hp) engine and a number of other improvements similar to the GAZ-MM base model. With the outbreak of World War II, the design of GAZ-AAA was significantly simplified (by the type of GAZ-MM-V ) in order to reduce the complexity and cost of production, which practically did not affect the performance characteristics. To increase the cross-country ability on the driving wheels of armored vehicles and special vehicles based on the GAZ-AAA, quick-detachable all-terrain chains of the Overoll type were put on (they were part of the standard equipment of all medium BA).
Modifications, special vehicles and armored vehicles based on GAZ-AAA
RUS-2 early warning radio systems, radio stations and workshops of various types, gas and oil filling stations M3-38 and others were mounted on the GAZ-AAA chassis. In addition, in 1941-1945, a GAZ-05-193 bus was produced on the GAZ-AAA chassis, which was used as a staff or ambulance, as well as a hygienic and bacteriological AL laboratory.
The shortened chassis of the GAZ-AAA truck was used for the production of medium-class armored vehicles with a combat weight of 4.8-5.9 tons: BA-6 (1936-1938) and BA-10 (1938-1941). In addition, a BM-8-48 Katyusha multiple launch rocket launcher system and a SU-1-12 self-propelled gun with a 76-mm regimental gun were installed on the GAZ-AAA chassis. Also, the AC 2 aviation starter was created on the basis of AAA gas.
GAZ-AAA in the souvenir and gaming industry
Prefabricated models of GAZ-AAA at a scale of 1:35 are produced by Zvezda 1:35 and Vostochny Express, Miniart in a 1:72 scale by UM, ACE and Zebrano. In Soviet times, a model of this car was produced by the Engine plant (Leningrad) at a scale of 1:43.
In 2011, the company "Our Car Industry" released a model GAZ-AAA with removable tent, protective color. In 2012, the same company released the GAZ-AAA model in the 1933 Karakum Mileage modification, with removable glazed awning, blue and sand colors, and in 2014, the GAZ-AAA modification of the Great Patriotic War, with a simplified cabin.
Where can I see
Russia
- Vladivostok Autostarine Museum , Vladivostok .
- Vladivostok GAZ-AAA worked in the village. Amgu serving the lighthouse . In 1956, it broke, overcoming the swamp, where it stood until 1993.
- Museum of the Gorky Automobile Plant, Nizhny Novgorod.
- Museum of Russian military history in the village of Padikovo, Istra district, Moscow region.
Interesting Facts
In 1937, hydrographs of the Chelyuskin polar station surveyed the coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, moving to GAZ-AAA; Having received impressions of the trip, they named the nameless cape - the All - Terrain Vehicle [3] .
See also
- Type 94
- Studebaker US6
- GMC CCKW
Notes
- β GAZ-AAA at the Vladivostok Museum of Auto-Tare (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment January 8, 2014. Archived on September 23, 2015.
- β Kolomiyets M.V. Armor on wheels. The history of the Soviet armored car 1925-1945. - M .: Yauza, KM Strategy, Eksmo , 2007 .-- 384 p. - (Soviet tanks). - 6000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-699-21870-7 .
- β Popov S.V., Troitsky V.A. Toponymy of the seas of the Soviet Arctic. - L: Geographical Society of the USSR, 1972. - 316 p. - 1000 copies.