The Yaphetids are the descendants of the biblical Japheth , one of Noah's three sons. The peoples of Europe and northwest Asia ( Indo-European , Ural , Altai and Sino-Caucasian peoples).
The Bible gives detailed detail only about the descendants of Homer (localized in the south and north of the Greater Caucasus ) and Javan ( Asia Minor and Greece ).
Content
- 1 Genus Japheth
- 2 Original place of settlement
- 3 sorts
- 3.1 Descendants of Homer
- 3.2 Descendants of Magog
- 3.3 Descendants of Madai
- 3.4 Descendants of Javan
- 3.5 Descendants of Fuwal
- 3.6 Descendants of Meshech
- 3.7 Descendants of Firas
- 4 Alternative Genealogies
- 4.1 Opinions of the late Arab authors
- 4.2 Yaphetids in the Russian tradition
- 5 notes
- 6 Sources
Genus Japheth
Japheth, after the flood, had:
- according to one version, eight sons (including Elis) ( Genesis 10: 1, 2 ) [1] .
- on the other - seven sons [2] .
A brilliant future was foretold by Noah to his posterity: “ May God spread Japheth, and may he dwell in the tents of Shem ” ( Genesis 9:27 ).
- Homer ( Cimmerians ): Askenaz ( Germans , Balts , Slavs ), Rifat ( Celts , Italics , Siculas ), Fogarma ( Tochars , Phrygians , Armenians )
- Magog : ( Scythians )
- Madai : ( Medes )
- Javan : Elisa ( Hellenes ), Tarshish ( thyrsens , Tyrrenes , Etruscans , Pelasgians ), Kittim ( Cypriots ; Hittites [3] [4] [5] ), Dodanim ( Tevras , Rhodians , Illyrians )
- Fuval : ( Sykans , Iberians , Basques )
- Meshech : ( Cappadocians )
- Firas : ( Thracians , Geto Dacians )
In Arabic sources, the descendants of Japheth reported the following:
- Yakut al-Hamawi with reference to Al-Kalbi (translated by A. Ya. Garkavi ) listed the children of Japheth as Yunan, Saklab, Abdar, Burjan, Burjas, Fars and Rum [6] , and in another place referred to Japheth Kashlukhim as his son [ 7] .
- Abulgazi in the “Family Tree of the Türks” names the eight other sons of Japheth (translated by Sablukov ) [8] : Turk , Khazar, Saklab, Rus , Ming, Chin, Keymari, Tarih [9] [10] .
Original Place of Settlement
According to the Book of Jubilees, the initial place of settlement of the yaphetids is northern Babylon (in whose territory the ancient state of Urartu was located ). After the separation of languages, they spread to the east, north, and west and thus populated all of Eurasia (with the exception of the Middle East, where the Semites settled - the descendants of Noah's first son - Sim ).
Japheth went the third hereditary part, on the other side of the Tina River, to the northern countries of the source of its water, and goes to the north-east the entire region of Lag and all its eastern countries; and goes to the far north, and extends to the mountains of Kilt to the north, and to the Mauk sea, and goes to the east of Gadir, to the shores of the sea; and goes until it approaches the west of Para, and turns back to Afereg, and goes to the east, to the water of the Miot Sea, and goes along the Tina River, to the east of the north, until it approaches the border of its water, to Mount Rafa, and bypasses around to the north.
- Apocrypha of the Book of Jubilees
Kind
Descendants of Homer
According to Gen. 10: 1, 2 , Homer was the first son of Japheth and had three sons: Askenaz , Rifat, and Fogarma ( Genesis 10: 1, 3 ).
Josephus Flavius reports that the Greeks called the descendants of Homer the Galatians, but he himself calls them Gomarey ( Cimmerians ). He calls the peoples descended from the sons of Homer as follows: Askenaz - Astanaans (among the Greeks - Regians), Rifat - Rifatians ("now Paflagonians"), Forgam - Forgameans (from the Greeks they were supposedly called Phrygians) .
Nenny connects the name of Homer with the Gauls .
The Armenian historian Movses Kalankatuatsi gives a more detailed description: he calls the people descended from Homer the Cappidocians, and the individual peoples descended from his sons: Sarmatians ( Askenaz ), Sauromats ( Rifat ), Caucasian peoples ( Fogarma , in the original - Torg) .
Armenians, Georgians and Abkhazians, as well as the peoples of the North Caucasus and the Volga region consider themselves descendants of the Fogarma (Joseph Flavius has the Fogarmians). The Georgian historian Leonty Mroveli gives a detailed description of the resettlement of the 8 sons of Fogarma: Gaik ( Armenia ), Kartlos ( Georgia ), Egros ( Megrelia ), Bardos , Movakan and Eros (ancient Caucasian Albania ), Caucasus and Lekos ( North Caucasus ) .
Later evidence (in particular the letter of the Khazar king Joseph ), also ranked among the descendants of the Fogarma Khazars, Bulgars, Turks and Finno-Ugric peoples .
Descendants of Magog
Information about the descendants of Magog is extremely scarce. Most ancient historians bring the descendants of Magog closer to the descendants of Homer, in particular Josephus calls the “people of Magog” - the Scythians (who are also associated with the descendants of Askenaz, the son of Homer). Nenny also notes that the descendants of Magog, in addition to the Scythians, were also Goths .
Armenian historians Hovhannes Draskhanakertzi and Movses Kalankatuatsi are called descendants of Magog Galatians and Celts.
Sometimes, due to the similarity of the name of Magog, they are also called the ancestor of the Mongoloid race.
Among the Arabs, Gog and Magog are known under the names Yajuj and Majuj, respectively [11] .
Descendants of Madai
The name of Maday is confidently associated with the ancient people of the Medes. The Apocryphal Book of Jubilees tells us the following details:
| And Madai saw the land of the sea, and he liked it, and he begged it to himself from Elam and Assur and Arfaskad, the brother of his wife, and lived in the country of Midakin (the Midian country) close to his wife’s brother to this day; and he named his habitat and the habitat of his children Medekin, by the name of their father Maday. |
Descendants of Javan
According to Genesis, Javan (Javan) had four sons: Elis , Tarshish , Kittim, and Dodanim . Most ancient historians confidently connect this branch with the (Hellenes) Greeks, Dardans and some other tribes of the Balkans and the Anatolian Peninsula.
Descendants of Fuwal
Armenian historians Hovhannes Draskhanakertzi and Movses Kalankatuatsi believed that the descendants of Fuval were Thessalians , inhabitants of the north-east of Hellas - Thessaly. The Book of Jubilees localizes its descendants near the inheritance of Luda (Lydia) - in the north-west of Turkey.
Descendants of Meshech
The Bible ( Ezek. 27:13 ) mentions Mesheh (and his family) together with Fuwal and Jawan, from which some researchers conclude that the original place of resettlement of his descendants was in the region of Anatolia (modern Turkey ).
Draskhanakertzi and Kalankatuatsi identify the descendants of Mesheh with the Illyrians. Nennius and Josephus Flavius call them Cappidocians.
The consonance of the name Meshekh (Mosokh) with the name of Moscow gave rise to a lot of speculation on this topic. So, in particular , V.N. Tatishchev, among other versions of the origin of the Slavs, also cites one according to which Muscovites were descendants of the legendary Meshekh.
Descendants of Firas
According to Josephus Flavius, the seventh son of Japheth, Firas (Tiras), was the ancestor of the Thracians , a union of tribes located on the southwestern coast of the Black Sea ( Bulgaria , Romania , Moldova , northeastern Greece , the European and northwestern part of Asian Turkey , eastern Serbia and part of Macedonia ).
Alternative Genealogies
Data from non-biblical sources do not always coincide with the classic “table of peoples” from Genesis .
Opinions of the late Arab authors
Later Arab authors give the following lists of the descendants of Japheth:
- According to Muhammad Al-Kalbi: Rum, Saklab, Armini and Ifraja;
- According to Gisham: Yunan, Saklab, Burgar, Burdjan, Burtas and Fars ;
- According to Tabari: Turk , Saklab, Yajuj and Majuj ;
- According to Ibn Batrik: Turk, Badzhnak, Tagazgaz, Tibet, Yajuj and Majuj, Khazar , Allan , Abkhaz, Sanaria, Dzhurjan, Rus, etc .;
- According to Masudi: Ifraja, Saklab, Nukabard, Ashban, Yajuj and Majuj, Turk, Khazar, Jalalika, etc.
Yaphetids in the Russian tradition
According to the " Tale of Bygone Years " written by Nestor the Chronicler in the XII century, the following peoples and tribes belong to the Yaphetids: Armenians , Russia , Chud , Perm , Pecher , Yem , Yugra , Lithuania , Zimegol , Kors , Letgol , Liv , Poles , Prussians , Varangians , sveis , Urmane , Guts , Anglans , Galicians , Wallachians , Romans , Germans , Korolyaz , Venedians , hipsters ; that is, Armenians, Slavs, Balts, Finno-Ugric peoples and peoples of Western Europe. [12]
Notes
- ↑ Church Slavonic translation
- ↑ For example, Russian synodal translation. Protestant Edition , Translation of Archimandrite Macarius
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Biblica: a critical dictionary of the literary, political, and religious history, the archaeology, geography, and natural history of the Bible
- ↑ On Japhethan genealogies in the Holy Scriptures, in the Tale of Bygone Years and in the Russian Chronograph
- ↑ https://profilib.net/chtenie/86828/prot-aleksandr-men-isagogika-vetkhiy-zavet-48.php
- ↑ s: Dictionary of Writers (Yakut al-Hamawi; Garkavi) / 3 / fragment
- ↑ s: Dictionary of Writers (Yakut al-Hamawi; Garkavi) / 3 / fragment
- ↑ Fayzrakhmanov G.L. Ancient Turks in Siberia and Central Asia. - Kazan: Master Line, 2000 .-- S. 89. - 188 p. - ISBN 5-93139-069-3 .
- ↑ Abulgazi . Pedigree of the Turks, Chapter 1, paragraph 13 . Translation by G. S. Sablukov.
- ↑ In other translations of Abulgazi, for example, at Trediakovsky , the names of the sons of Japheth can be transcribed differently.
- ↑ Piotrovsky M.B. Yajuj and Majuj // Islam: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Otv. ed. S. M. Prozorov . - M .: Science ,GDVL , 1991 . - S. 119. - ISBN 5-02-016941-2 .
- ↑ "The Tale of Bygone Years" translated by D. S. Likhachev
Sources
- Book of Jubilees
- Josephus. Jewish antiquities. Book 1, Ch. 6
- Joseph Ben Gorion
- Leonti Mroveli. The life of the Kartlian kings
- David Bagrationi. History of Georgia
- Hovhannes Draskhanakertzi. History of Armenia
- Movses Khorenatsi, History of Armenia
- Movses Kalankatuatsi. History of the country of Aluank. Book 2. Ch. 29-52 (inaccessible link)
- Nenny. The shortest description of the island of Britain
- Al-kalbi
- ABU SA'ID GARDIZI. JEWELERY DECORATION
- ABU-L-GASI. PEDIGREE TURKMEN
- Abu l Fazl. Akbar-name
- Al-masudi
- Matvey Mehovsky. Treatise on Two Sarmatians
- Giovanni Villani. New chronicle
- V.N. Tatishchev Russian History