Hunchun

In the early Russian sources was known as Hunchun . In 1886 , the governments of the Chinese and Russian empires signed the Hunchun Border Protocol here. In 1889, the Hunchun Board (珲春 府) was formed. The administrative center of the council was enclosed by a high earthen battlement with a thickness of 3 sazhens (6.4 meters ), with barbets, loopholes and a deep moat, since it served as the seat of the military governor ( fututun ). Near the city was strongly fortified Chinese camp.

During the Boxing Uprising, despite the strong armament of modern weapons and a large garrison, Hunchun was stormed by General Aigustov’s detachment in August 1900, and the city itself was occupied by Russian troops; then Khunchun was connected by telegraph with Jilin and Novokievka.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city had a Chinese school of Russian language, there were many Chinese firms trading with the Amur region and Korea. Hunchun was the hiring center for Chinese coolies (workers) in the fields of trepang and seaweed ^[1] .

In 1902, the Hunchun District Council was merged with the Yanjis Commissariat, and in 1910 a separate Hunchun Commissariat (珲春 厅) was formed. After the Xinhai Revolution , the administrative structure was reformed in the country, and in 1913 the Hunchun Commissariat was transformed into Hunchun County (珲春 县).

In August 1945, Hunchun was liberated by Soviet troops from the Japanese occupation ^[2] . After the end of World War II, the government of the Chinese Republic carried out an administrative-territorial redivision of the Northeast , and Hunchun County became part of the province of Jilin. During the civil war, Hunchun found himself in the territory controlled by the Chinese Communists, and became one of the main weapons production centers in Northeast China.

In 1952, the Yanbian-Korean Autonomous Region was established (since 1955, the Yanbian-Korean Autonomous Region ), and Hunchun County became part of it. In 1988, Hunchun County was transformed into a city county.

The climate is temperate monsoon . The winter is cold and sunny, with low precipitation and low humidity. Summer is hot and rainy, with high humidity.

The population of the city grew from 5 thousand people at the end of the XIX century to 280 thousand according to the 2010 census. The ethnic composition of the population of the city has long been mixed. Ethnic Koreans make up about half of the city’s population (47.9%), ethnic Chinese ( Han ) are numerous (42.8% of the population). In addition to them, the 20,000-strong Manchu community remains in the city (9.3%), which is the autochthonous population of these places until the beginning of the mass Chinese-Korean migration at the end of the 19th century ^[4] . Chinese and Korean languages ​​are used in the proceedings, and Russian is also used on signboards ^[2] . After in 2008, the Chinese authorities allowed foreigners to buy and rent housing in China, many Russian homeowners appeared in the city.

Hunchun City County is divided into 4 street committees , 4 villages , 3 volosts , 2 national volosts and 1 border economic cooperation zone.

Since the early 1990s. The Chinese government has invested heavily in turning Hunchun into a regional economic center. On March 9, 1992, the Chinese parliament approved the creation of the Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone. With the support of the State Council and the local government of Jilin Province , more than 4 billion yuan was invested in Hunchun during the 1990s ^[5] .

• Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone

The Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone was created in 1992, the planned area is 24 km². Within this zone, the Hunchun export processing zone and the Hunchun Russian-Chinese trade zone were created in 2001 and 2002. The strategic location of the zone on the border of the three states makes the zone unique. Infrastructure is developed in the zone. The main directions of further development are the processing of marine products, biology and pharmaceuticals, textile production, etc. ^[6]

• Hunchun Export Processing Zone

The Hunchun Export Processing Zone is 2.44 km² within the larger Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone. This zone is subject to privileges and privileges provided by the border cooperation zone ^[7] .

The main source of industrial water in the city is the Longshanshuiku reservoir (Lake Dragon Mountain) ^[4] .

The intensive economic development of the city in the 1990s required access to the oceans, to which the local “sea silk road” once exited through the valley of the Tumangan River ^[2] . Today, the territory of the People's Republic of China from the Sea of ​​Japan is separated by a 3-5 km strip of Russian territory. The distance to the border with Russia in a straight line from the city is 14.5 km, to the port of Posiet - 42 km ^[8] . In the early 1990s. The Jilin Provincial Government approved the creation of a branch line and a highway to Hunchun. Hunchun was connected by a bridge to the North Korean city of Wonchon ( Korean :). The bridge was first built during the Japanese occupation in 1938 . in 2010, the bridge was included in the Rason infrastructure modernization program signed between the governments of China and North Korea ^[9] .

In addition, the new railway connected Hunchun to Makhalino (station on the Ussuriysk - Hassan branch, 41 km to Khasan station) began to function from February 2000 ^[10] . (See OJSC Golden Link ).

A high-speed (250 km / h) passenger railway from Changchun via Jilin to Hunchun (吉 图 珲 铁路 客运 专 线) was commissioned and commissioned in 2015. There are proposals to extend this road to Vladivostok ^[11] .

In Shenyang newspapers, the road is described as “the most beautiful in Manchuria” (because of the landscape along which it passes) and “the fastest way to Vladivostok” (4 hours by train from Shenyang to Hunchun, plus 4 hours by bus from Hunchun to Vladivostok ) ^[12] .

• Hunchun - information on the territory, population and history of changes in the administrative-territorial division on the site 行政 区划 网(whale.)
• Main information portal of the city of Hunchun
• Russian site of the city