The Chicano art movement is the Mexican-American artists' movement to create a unique artistic identity in the United States , formed in the 1960s under the influence of the Chicano movement ( El Movimiento ). Chicano's art is a synthesis of the ideologies of the post-Mexican revolution, pre-Columbian art, European painting technique and Mexican-American social, political and cultural problems. [one]
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Objectives of the Chicano Art Movement
- 3 Works
- 4 Sources
History
Since the beginning of the 1960s , El Bowelo Movimiento has been a socio-political movement of Mexican Americans who have united in a single voice to create change for their people. The political movement El Bowelo Movimiento focused on the struggle for the civil and political rights of the Chicano people and sought to draw attention to the struggle for equality in southwest America and throughout the United States. The Chicano movement was concerned about police brutality, civil rights violations, lack of social services for Mexican Americans, the Vietnam War , educational issues, and other social problems. [2] In the Chicano social movement, there was a need to create signboards, posters, frescoes that would raise awareness of existing problems, which led to the emergence of an art movement [3] .
Chicano Art Movement Goals
Initially, the art movement sought to counter the dominant social norms and stereotypes of cultural autonomy and self-determination. Some of the issues that the movement focused on were awareness of collective history and culture, restoration of land grants, and lack of equal opportunities for social mobility . Over time, art developed to not only illustrate the ongoing struggles and social problems, but also to continue to inform Chicano youth and unite around their culture and history.
The borderline life of the representatives of the trend is the cause of the constant cultural and value conflict in which many Chicano live. At the psychological level, frontier is often updated in the sense of emotional instability, spiritual disharmony, dissonance between your vision of the world, understanding of what it should be and its actual embodiment [4] .
The philosophy of the artists of Chicano was independence: their art could not be represented in museums. However, this did not mean complete isolation from society. This is how the Centro Cultural de la Raza cultural center came into being - an alternative space for those who are trying to realize their own identity [5] .
El Bowelo Movimiento included all Mexican Americans of all ages who supported the minority civil rights movement and sought to use symbols that reflect their past and ongoing struggles. Young artists created groups such as Asko in Los Angeles in the 1970s , which included students who had just graduated from high school [6] . The frescoes of the San Francisco Mission Area are largely the voice and conscience of their community, with many of the topics explored for social and political struggles. Their creation was also triggered by the Chicano art movement in the 1970s and inspired by Mexican artist Diego Rivera . Today, artists from different walks of life are represented in this accessible art, including Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans [7] .
Although the Chicano political movement disintegrated, Chicano's art continues to exist and combat racial and ethnic discrimination, citizenship issues, labor exploitation, and traditional gender roles in an attempt to create social change. As Fields explains: “In connection with his fundamental phase of the Chicano movement in the 1960s and 1970s, his art formulated a wide range of topics of social and political significance” [3] .
Geography, immigration and movement are common themes in the art of Chicano [8] . Using an activist approach, artists illustrate the historic presence of Mexicans and indigenous peoples in the southwest, the human rights violations of unregistered immigrants, the racial division and militarization of the border. “Many artists of this movement focused on the problem of the danger of the border, often using barbed wire as a direct metaphorical representation of the painful and conflicting experiences of Chicano caught between the two cultures” [9] .
Works
Street art in Chicano park.
Fresco in the Chicano Park in San Diego depicting artists David Siqueiros , Frida Calo and Diego Rivera, along with political leaders Ernesto Che Guevara and Fidel Castro
Street art "Just a glide." Image is on the National Register of Historic Places of the United States of America .
Sources
- ↑ Quirarte, Jacinto, 1931-2012. Mexican American artists . - University of Texas Press, 1975. - ISBN 0292750064 , 9780292750067.
- ↑ Chicano art: resistance and affirmation, 1965-1985 . - Los Angeles: Wight Art Gallery, University of California, Los Angeles, 1991 .-- S. 85-107. - 373 p. - ISBN 0943739160 , 9780943739168, 0943739152, 9780943739151.
- ↑ 1 2 Fields, Virginia M. The road to Aztlan: art from a mythic homeland . - 1st ed. - Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2001 .-- 424 pages p. - ISBN 0826324274 , 9780826324276, 0826324266, 9780826324269.
- ↑ Sokolskikh, Nikolai Nikolaevich. The phenomenon of borderland in modern Mexican-American culture. - Chita, 2010.
- ↑ Exhibition “The Art of Chicano. Stories of the Centro Cultural de la Raza ” , https://kudago.com .
- ↑ Rangel, Jeffrey Oral history interview with Gronk, 1997 Jan. 20-23 . Archives of American Art . Smithsonian Institution (1997). Date of treatment April 8, 2015.
- ↑ Unexpected Places to Enjoy Art in the USA . https://ru.travel2w.com/ .
- ↑ Mesa-Bains, Amalia. Ceremony of Spirit: Nature and Memory in Contemporary Latino Art. - San Francisco, California: The Mexican Museum, 1993. - P. 9-17. - ISBN 1880508028 .
- ↑ Jackson, Carlos Francisco, 1978-. Chicana and Chicano art: ProtestArte . - Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2009 .-- xii, 225 pages p. - ISBN 9780816526475 , 0816526478.