Ready for labor and defense of the USSR

“Going to work and defense of the USSR” (TRP) is a program of physical training in general educational, professional and sports organizations in the USSR, which is fundamental in a unified and state-supported system of patriotic education of youth. Existed from 1931 to 1991 . Covered the population in age from 10 to 60 years. In the Soviet army, the analogue of the TRP was the Military Sports Complex . In 2014, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the return of the “ Ready for Labor and Defense ” system. According to the Minister of Education Dmitry Livanov , starting from 2015, the results of the implementation of the TRP complex will be taken into account when entering higher education institutions ^[1] .

Content

TRP badge

A letter issued to E. M. Dobryshman ^[2] (1919–2016) in 1936 in Tashkent confirmed that he passed the norms of the GTO of the USSR and was the basis for the award of a badge.

Similarly, in 1938 - a temporary certificate.

Icon "Excellent TRP". It was awarded to those who passed the standards for the gold badge of the fourth degree “Physical perfection” and in addition had one 1st grade or two second digits. ^[3]

Sign of the TRP 1 steps. 1930s.

On May 24, 1930, the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper proposed to establish all-union tests for the right to receive the TRP badge. An open competition was announced for the design of the badge; as a result of mass discussion, the design of the badge was proposed, proposed by 15-year-old schoolboy V. Toktarov. The final version of the badge was prepared by the artist M. S. Yaguzhinsky.

The handover of standards was confirmed by special badges. To get such an icon, you had to fulfill a given set of requirements.

Depending on the level of achievement, the passing standards of each stage were awarded gold, silver or bronze badges.

Postage stamp with a sign of the TRP, 1940 .

Before 1960, GTO badges were made of bronze, tombac or brass, and covered with hot enamels (cloisonon), Signs of “Excellent GTO USSR” were made of silver. After 1960, the mass production of aluminum badges coated with liquid (cold) enamels began. The fixture for the TRP badges was a screw or safety pin.

History

The complex “Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR” was approved by a resolution of the All-Union Physical Culture Council (VSFC) under the USSR Central Election Commission dated March 11, 1931 . It included one level in which there were three age groups, in order to get the badge, it was necessary to pass the tests for 21 types of exercises ^[4] . In 1932, the AFFC introduced the second stage with the same three age groups, but higher standards and 24 types of exercises ^[4] . In 1934, the “Be ready for labor and defense of the USSR” (BSTO) level was introduced with two age groups: 13–14 and 15–16 years. These three stages - BGTO, TRP-I and TRP-II - existed until 1972 ^[4] . The standards and requirements of the TRP complex were changed in 1939, 1946, 1954, 1959 and 1972 ^[5] . Before the Great Patriotic War , military-applied types of exercises were introduced into the TRP complex, for example, crawling, carrying a cartridge case. The complex "Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR" helped the Soviet people in the fight against fascism. Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Kopylov spoke on this subject as follows: “If I were not an athlete, a badge of the TRP, I would hardly have reached Berlin!” ^[5] .

The last all-union sports complex of the TRP was approved by the decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on January 17, 1972 No. 61. It had 5 age levels (each had its own norms and requirements): Level I - “Brave and Dexterous” - 10-11 and 12-13 years old, II - "Sports shift" - 14-15 years old, III - "Strength and courage" - 16-18 years old, IV - "Physical perfection" - men 19-28 and 29-39 years old, women 19— 28 and 29-34 years old, V - “Vivacity and health” - men 40–60 years old, women 35–55 years old. By 1981, the “Ready for start” stage was introduced into the TRP complex for children of 7–9 years old ^[6] . Although from a legal point of view, the last complex of the TRP remains in force (with a slight change in 1988), currently various educational methods are used in various educational institutions and their assessment. There was a variety ^[7] ^[8] ^[9] - everyone can choose the complex, which is closer to him in physical capabilities.

Quantitative indicators

From 1931 to 1941, the number of people who passed the standards of the TRP Complex I Stage reached 6,000,000, and the II Stage reached more than 100,000.
In 1948, in the USSR, there were 139 physical education groups and 7.7 million sportsmen, and in 1977 there were already 219 thousand physical education groups and over 52,300,000 sportsmen in the country.
In 1972 - 1975 the standards and requirements of the complex were met by over 58,000,000 people. In 1979 alone, the TRP passed 11,827,227 people, including 1,582,267 on the golden badge ^[6] .

Since 1974, the All-Union Championships on all-round TRPs were held (in 1975, 37,000,000 people participated in mass starts, in the final - about 500 people; the 4th stage winners were awarded the title of international-class master of sports).
Over the seven years of existence of the GTO all-around competitions, over 350,000 young men and women became champions of districts, cities, regions, republics, 77 people have the honorary title of USSR champion in all-round GTO, 100 people became the first masters of sports of the USSR in all-round GTO .

TRP guidelines

The following are the standards of the TRP, in accordance with the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of January 17, 1972 No. 61 “On the Introduction of the New All-Union Sports Complex“ Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR ”(TRP)” ^[10] .

Level I - “Brave and Dexterous” - for boys and girls 10–11 and 12–13 years old

N п / п	Types of exercises	The boys				Girls
		10-11 years		12-13 years		10-11 years		12-13 years
		on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge
one	Run
	30 m	5.8	5.2	-	-	6.0	5.4	-	-
	60 m	-	-	10.0	9.2	-	-	10.2	9.6
2	Long jump (cm)	310	340	340	380	260	300	300	350
3	High jump (cm)	95	105	105	115	85	95	100	110
four	Tennis ball throwing (m)	thirty	35	35	40	20	23	23	26
five	Swimming without time (m)	25	-	50	-	25	-	50	-
five	50 m (min., Sec.)	-	1.20	-	1.05	-	1.30	-	1.15
6	Cross-country skiing
	1 km (min., Sec.)	8.00	7.30	-	-	8.30	8.00	-	-
	2 km (min., Sec.)	-	-	14.00	13.00	-	-	16.30	15.30
	In snowless areas:							-
	Cycling 5 km (min.)	sixteen	15	15	14	nineteen	18	18	17
	or
	Cross without time (m)	500	1000	1000	1500	300	500	500	1000
7	Pulling on the bar (number of times)	3	five	five	7	-	-	-	-
7	Rope climbing with legs (m)	-	-	-	-	2.50	2.80	2.80	3.50

Note. For a gold badge, you must complete at least 5 standards at the level of requirements set for the gold icon, and 2 standards at the level of requirements set for the silver icon.

The following table shows the optional exercises for those who give to the golden badge (at the age of 10-11 years, you must pass 2 of any kind, at the age of 12-13 years - 3 types).

N п / п	Types of exercises	The boys				Girls
		10-11 years		12-13 years		10-11 years		12-13 years
		on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge
one	Obstacle course 80 m	-	4 obstacles	-	5 obstacles	-	3 obstacles	-	4 obstacles
2	Gymnastics all-around	-	triathlon	-	chetyrehborye	-	biathlon	-	triathlon
3	Hiking with checking tourist skills	_	5-6 km	-	fulfill the requirements for the icon "Young Tourist"	-	5-6 km	-	fulfill the requirements for the icon "Young Tourist"
four	Shooting	-	-	-	fulfill the requirements for the icon "Young Arrow"	-	-	-	fulfill the requirements for the icon "Young Arrow"
five	Simple skating 100 m (s)	-	20	-	18	-	22	-	20
6	Participation in competitions in sports games (number of games)	-	five	-	eight	-	five	-	eight

Stage II - “Sports Change” - for teenagers 14-15 years old

N п / п	Types of exercises	The boys		Girls
N п / п	Types of exercises	on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge
one	Running 60 m (sec.)	9.2	8.4	10.0	9.4
2	Cross
	300 m (min., Sec.)	-	-	1.00	0.55
	500 m (min., Sec.)	1.45	1.30	-	-
	or
	Running on simple skates 300 m (min., Sec.)	0.58	0.50	1.05	1.00
3	High jump (cm)	120	130	105	110
	or
	Long jump (cm)	390	450	310	360
four	Tennis ball throwing (m)	38	46	25	thirty
five	Ski race
	2 km (min.)	-	-	15	14
	3 km (min., Sec.)	17.30	16.30	-	-
	In snowless areas:
	Marsh throw
	1 km (min., Sec.)	-	-	5.20	5.00
	2 km (min.)	ten	9	-	-
	or
	Cyclocross
	5 km (min.)	-	-	15	14
	10 km (min.)	28	26	-	-
6	Swimming 50 m (min., Sec.)	1.00	0.50	1.10	1.00
7	Pulling up on the bar, (number of times)	6	eight	-	-
	or
	Lifting from hanging to point of turn or force	2	3	-	-
	Flexion and extension of the arms, lying on the gym bench (number of times)	-	-	eight	ten
eight	Hiking with checking tourist skills (km)	12	sixteen	12	sixteen
9	Sports category (for any sport)	-	II-III youthful	-	II-III youthful

Note. For a gold badge, you must complete at least 6 standards at the level of requirements set for the gold icon, and 2 standards at the level of requirements set for a silver icon (excluding 9 standards).

Stage III - "Strength and Courage" - for boys and girls 16-18 years old

N п / п	Types of exercises	Boys		Girls
N п / п	Types of exercises	on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge
one	Running 100 m (sec.)	14.2	13.5	16.2	15.4
2	Cross
	500 m (min., Sec.)	-	-	2.00	1.50
	1000 m (min., Sec.)	3.30	3.20	-	-
	or
	Simple skating 500 m (min., Sec.)	1.25	1.15	1.30	1.20
3	Long jump (cm)	440	480	340	375
	or
	High jump (cm)	125	135	105	115
four	Grenade throwing weight
	500 g (m)	-	-	21	25
	700 g (m)	35	40	-	-
	or
	Shot put weight	-	-
	4 kg (m, cm)			6.00	6.80
	5 kg (m)	eight	ten	-	-
five	Ski race
	3 km (min.)	-	-	20	18
	5 km (min.)	27	25	-	-
	or
	10 km (min.)	57	52	-	-
	In snowless areas:
	Marsh throw
	3 km (min.)	-	-	20	18
	6 km (min.)	35	32	-	-
	or
	Bike Cross
	10 km (min.)	-	-	thirty	27
	20 km (min.)	50	46	-	-
6	Swimming 100 m (min., Sec.)	2.00	1.45	2.15	2.00
7	Pulling on the bar (number of times)	eight	12	-	-
	or
	Lifting from hanging to support with a coup or force (number of times)	3	four	-	-
	Flexion and extension of the arms, lying on the gym bench (number of times)	-	-	ten	12
eight	Small-caliber rifle shooting
	on 25 m (points)	33	40	thirty	37
	or
	on 50 m (points)	thirty	37	27	34
	or
	Shooting from military weapons - the initial exercise of the initial military training program	satisfactorily	OK	satisfactorily	OK
9	Hiking with checking tourist skills and orientation	1 hike for 20 km or 2 hikes for 12 km	1 hike for 25 km or 2 hikes for 15 km	1 hike for 20 km or 2 hikes for 12 km	1 hike for 25 km or 2 hikes for 15 km
ten	Sports category by:
	a) automobile, water-motor, motorcycle, glider, parachute, aircraft, helicopter, underwater sports, all-around marine, biathlon, modern pentathlon, shooting, radio sport, orienteering, wrestling (all kinds), boxing	-	III	-	III
	b) any other sport	-	II	-	II

Note. For a gold badge, you must complete at least 7 standards at the level of requirements set for the gold icon, and 2 standards at the level of requirements set for a silver icon (excluding 10 standards). The girls who have been trained in the training program for sandpourners are credited with surrendering 10 standards for a gold badge.

Grade IV - “Physical Excellence” - for men 19–39 years old and women 19–34 years old

N п / п	Types of exercises	Men				Women
		19-28 years old		29—39 years old		19-28 years old		29—34 years
		on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge	on silver badge	on golden badge
one	Running 100 m (s)	14.0	13.0	15.0	14.0	16,0	15.2	17.0	16,0
2	Cross
	500 m (min., S)	-	-	-	-	2.00	1.45	2.10	2.00
	or
	1000 m (min., S)	3.20	3.10	3.45	3.30	4.30	4.10	5.00	4.30
	or
	3000 m (min., S)	11.00	10.30	11.30	11.00	-	-	-	-
3	Bounce
	in height (cm)	130	145	125	130	110	120	105	110
	or
	in length (cm)	460	500	400	460	350	380	320	350
four	Grenade throwing weight
	500 g (m)	-	-	-	-	23	27	20	23
	700 g (m)	40	47	35	40	-	-	-	-
	or
	Shot put weight
	4 kg (m, cm)	-	-	-	-	6.50	7.50	6.20	6.50
	7257 g (m, cm)	7.50	9.00	6.50	7.50	-	-	-	-
five	Ski race
	3 km (min.)	-	-	-	-	nineteen	17	21	nineteen
	or
	5 km (min.)	25	24	thirty	26	35	33	38	35
	or
	10 km (min.)	54	50	-	-	-	-	-	-
	In snowless areas:
	Marsh throw
	3 km (min.)	-	-	-	-	nineteen	17	21	nineteen
	6 km (min.)	36	33	38	36	-	-	-	-
	or
	Bike Cross
	10 km (min.)	-	-	-	-	28	25	thirty	27
	20 km (min.)	46	43	48	46	-	-	-	-
6	Swimming 100 m (min., S)	2.05	1.50	2.15	2.05	2.20	2.00	2.30	2.20
7	Pulling on the bar (number of times)
	dead weight up to 70 kg	9	13	6	9	-	-	-	-
	own weight 70 kg and more	7	eleven	four	7	-	-	-	-

	Push barbell from the chest (in percent of its own weight)
	dead weight up to 70 kg	55	75	50	55	-	-	-	-
	own weight 70 kg and more	65	85	60	65	-	-	-	-
	or
	Bending and extending arms in the support, lying on a gymnastic bench (number of times)	-	-	12	14	12	14	eight	ten
	or
	Raising and lowering the body in the prone position, hands behind the head, legs fixed (number of times)	-	-	-	-	40	50	thirty	40
eight	Small-caliber rifle shooting
	on 25 m (points)	37	43	35	37	37	43	35	37
	or
	on 50 m (points)	34	40	34	40	-	-	-	-
	or
	Shooting from military weapons
	on 100 m (points)	70	75	60	65	-	-	-	-
9	Hiking with checking tourist skills	1 hike for 25 km or 2 hikes for 15 km	1 hike for 30 km or 2 hikes for 20 km	1 hike for 20 km or 2 hikes for 12 km	1 hike for 25 km or 2 hikes for 15 km	1 hike for 25 km or 2 hikes for 15 km	1 hike for 30 km or 2 hikes for 20 km	1 hike for 20 km or 2 hikes for 12 km	1 hike for 25 km or 2 hikes for 15 km
ten	Sports category for any sport	-	II	-	-	-	II	-	-

Notes: 1. On a gold badge, you must complete at least 7 standards at the level of requirements set for the gold icon, and 2 standards at the level of requirements set for a silver icon (excluding 10 standards). 2. For a gold badge with distinction, it is necessary to fulfill all the requirements and standards for a gold badge and have one first rank or two second digits.

Stage V - “Vigor and Health” - for men 40–60 years old and women 35–55 years old

N п / п	Types of exercises	Men		Women
N п / п	Types of exercises	40-49 years	50-60 years	35—44 years	45-55 years
one	Running 60 m (s)	12.0	-	12.8	-
	Fast walking
	200 m (min., S)	-	-	-	1.20
	400 m (min., S)	-	2.50	-	-
2	Cross
	300 m (min., S)	-	-	1.25	-
	800 m (min., S)	3.15	-	-	-
	or
	Easy run (min.)	20	15	ten	eight
3	Long jump (cm)	190	170	150	130
four	Grenade throwing weight
	500 g (m)	-	-	18	-
	700 g (m)	32	-	-	-
	or
	Shot put weight
	4 kg (m, cm)	-	-	5.50	-
	7257 g (m, cm)	6.20	-	-	-
	Shot putter weighing 2 kg (m)	-	eight	-	6
five	Skiing
	2 km (min.)	-	-	18	without time
	5 km (min.)	35	without time	-	-
	In snowless areas:
	Mixed movement (walking-run)
	3 km (min.)	-	-	25	without time
	5 km (min.)	40	without time	-	-
	or
	Bicycle riding
	5 km (min.)	-	-	20	-
	10 km (min.)	40	-	-	-
6	Swimming without time (m)	100	50	100	50
7	Bending and extending arms in the support, lying on a gymnastic bench (number of times)	ten	eight	6	four
eight	Shooting a small-caliber rifle at 25 m (points)	34	-	-	-
9	Hiking trip (km)	20	ten	20	ten

All those who passed the standards of the age level "Vivacity and Health" were supposed to be awarded the golden sign of the TRP.

In culture

The sign of the TRP is mentioned in S. Marshak 's poem “ A Story of an Unknown Hero ”, he was on the chest of a guy who saved the girl from a fire.

Notes

↑ President of Russia
↑ Evgeny Mikhailovich Dobryshman (on the 95th anniversary of his birth). - V: Meteorology and Hydrology // Gidrometeoizdat . - 2014. - № 4. - p. 126-127. - ISSN 0130-2906 .
↑ Badges of the TRP, United All-Union Sports Classification and sports judges // Sports attributes: Album / Comp. V. Kudryashov, art. I. Petrovich. - 2nd, corrected. - M .: Physical Culture and Sports, 1978. - p. 17. - 84 p.
↑ ¹ ² ³ Uvarov, 1981 , p. 2
↑ ¹ ² Uvarov, 1981 , p. 3
↑ ¹ ² Uvarov, 1981 , p. four.
↑ Chapter 9. Orienteering on the ground // Tourism and orienteering: [Proc. for institutes and technical schools nat. culture / E. Ya. Beznosikov, V.I. Ganopolsky, V.G. Bulatov] . - M .: Physical Culture and Sport, 1987. - 238 p.
↑ Polyatlon All-Russian Polyathlon Federation International Polyathlon Association
Physical Culture Passport Test System Physical Development Monitoring System
↑ Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of January 17, 1972 N 61 "On the introduction of a new all-Union sports complex" Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR "(TRP)" (with changes and additions)

Literature

Uvarov V. А. 50 years in the service of the people // Physical culture at school. - 1981. - № 3 . - S. 2-5 . - ISSN 0130–5581 .
Lazarev S. E. Soviet legislation of the 1930s on physical culture and sport and its relevance in our day // Citizen and Law. 2016. № 9. P. 3-8.

Links

[1] President of Russia

[2] Evgeny Mikhailovich Dobryshman (on the 95th anniversary of his birth). - V: Meteorology and Hydrology // Gidrometeoizdat . - 2014. - № 4. - p. 126-127. - ISSN 0130-2906 .

[3] Badges of the TRP, United All-Union Sports Classification and sports judges // Sports attributes: Album / Comp. V. Kudryashov, art. I. Petrovich. - 2nd, corrected. - M .: Physical Culture and Sports, 1978. - p. 17. - 84 p.

[_b98f3a0588d7a70a-4] ¹ ² ³ Uvarov, 1981 , p. 2

[_b98f3a0588d7a70b-5] ¹ ² Uvarov, 1981 , p. 3

[_b98f3a0588d7a70c-6] ¹ ² Uvarov, 1981 , p. four.

[7] Chapter 9. Orienteering on the ground // Tourism and orienteering: [Proc. for institutes and technical schools nat. culture / E. Ya. Beznosikov, V.I. Ganopolsky, V.G. Bulatov] . - M .: Physical Culture and Sport, 1987. - 238 p.

[8] Polyatlon All-Russian Polyathlon Federation International Polyathlon Association

[9] Physical Culture Passport Test System Physical Development Monitoring System

[10] Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of January 17, 1972 N 61 "On the introduction of a new all-Union sports complex" Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR "(TRP)" (with changes and additions)