GAZ-52

A GAZ-53 cab was installed at the GAZ-52 , which in some cases makes it difficult to identify them.

The main difference is the inline six-cylinder engine , developed on the basis of the pre-war carburetor internal combustion engine GAZ-11 ^{[1] [2]} , on the GAZ-53 was installed a V-shaped eight - cylinder carburetor engine ZMZ-53.

Also on the GAZ-52 installed wheels and tires from the GAZ-51 size 220-508 (7.50-20 inches ), wheels with six holes. The GAZ-53 was fitted with tires of a somewhat larger size - 240–508 (8.25–20 inches), wheels with six holes. The wheels are interchangeable.

For 23 years, the GAZ-52 was produced in several versions, with it usually distinguish two main groups that differ markedly from each other:

Long base modifications (1964–1993)

These include the GAZ-52A (chassis for installing vans and tanks, years of manufacture - 1964-1966), GAZ-52-01 (chassis for installing vans and tanks, years of manufacture - 1966-1993) and GAZ-52-03 (onboard , carrying capacity - 2.5 tons., years of manufacture - 1966-1973).

• The wheelbase of these modifications is 3700 mm, exactly the same as on the GAZ-53 .
• The frame of these cars is almost the same.
• Rear axle with detachable crankcase main gear , half axle stockings are pressed into crankcase halves, as on the GAZ-51; the main gear is bevel helical with a gear ratio of 6.67. The long-base modification “52-01” of the later years of release (presumably after 1978) received a hypoid bridge with an integral housing for the main gear, exactly the same as on the GAZ-53.
• The gearbox with three pairs of helical gears of the permanent gearing (gears of the first and rear gears - spur gears) had a synchronizer in third and fourth gear. To activate the reverse, it was necessary to overcome the additional force of the spring, the lever had two knees.

Short base modifications (1966–1989)

The main production cars were the chassis for GAZ-52-02 dump trucks and the GAZ-52-04 flatbed truck (mass-produced since 1975)

• Wheelbase 3300 mm, as in the GAZ-51 .
• A shorter frame was made of spars with a smaller section.
• Rear axle hypoid, gear ratio - 6.83.
• The gearbox was installed from GAZ-51A, there were no synchronizers, all gears were of a spur gearing. To activate the reverse, it was necessary to raise the "dog" on the lever; the lever itself had one slight bend at the base. Short-base modifications of the GAZ-52 with a gearbox with synchronizers in third and fourth gear were also produced.

Compared with the GAZ-51 in the 52nd and 53rd, an improved mounting of the springs to the frame was applied.

• On the GAZ-51 and early GAZ-52 short-based, the root leaves of the springs were bent to form an eyelet, and to the frame the springs were fastened through sleeves with spring fingers that required constant care and lubrication. Spring extension under load is compensated by an earring. In the future, there was a unification of the suspension on rubber pads.
• On long-base modifications GAZ-52 and GAZ-53, the upper root sheets were attached to the frame through rubber pads that did not require care, the earring was missing.
  • Car suspension on longitudinal semi-elliptical springs, in front - telescopic shock absorbers ; back - with an additional spring, without shock absorbers.
• Another external difference between the GAZ-52 and the GAZ-53 is the different width of the radiator - a narrower radiator was installed with the six-cylinder engine GAZ-52, which can be clearly seen through the front grille, if you look at the car directly from the front. On GAZ-53 cars with eight-cylinder engines, a wider radiator visually occupying almost the entire lumen of the grille.
• Also the hallmark of the GAZ-52 family from GAZ-53 is the silencer located on the right side of the car, however, the converted versions of the GAZ-52 exhaust system with a left-side muffler are known.
• It should also be noted that although the cab on cars of the 52nd and 53rd families is the same, there were some differences in its color at the factory - the grille on the GAZ-52 cabs was always the same color as the cab, and on the GAZ-53 cabs the facing was white, regardless of the basic color of the cabin.

In the process of serial production of the car was improved:

• The cylinder head, designed for M8 spark plugs (M18 × 1.5 thread), was replaced with the A11 spark plug head (M14 × 1.25 thread); the cylinder head under the M8 spark plug provided a compression ratio of 6.2, and the spark plug A11 head increased the compression ratio to 6.7. ^[3] Cylinder heads with a reduced volume of combustion chambers were installed on engines designed to operate on liquefied gas ( propane - butane ), which made it possible to increase the compression ratio to 7.0. A distinctive feature of such a head was the presence of the cast inscription "76" on its upper surface. “ 76 ” indicates the required octane number of gasoline — when installing such a head, the engine required A-76 gasoline, while the standard GAZ-52 engine worked on A-72.
• Early GAZ-52 engines had two oil filters — a full-flow coarse filter (with a metal plate package) and a DASFO fine filter (a two-piece super car filter-sump) . On machines of later releases, a single full-flow oil filter was installed (in place of the coarse filter).
• On cars later releases installed vacuum booster , included in the hydraulic brake actuator ^{[4] [5]}
• Also on cars of later releases (most often modifications 52-01) the starter was often installed with an electromagnetic traction relay receiving power from the ignition lock, the main part of the released GAZ-52 had a pedal drive for starting the starter on the floor of the cab. When the starter pedal was pressed, the rod worked on the Bendix lever, putting the gear into engagement with the gear ring of the flywheel and simultaneously closed the contacts of the traction relay, connecting the battery to the starter.
• Over the years, the shape of the radiator lining changed on the cab. Despite the later improvements of the GAZ-53-12 car, which consisted in installing more modern lighting engineering (separate front position lamps PF-130, improved rear lights FP-130), alarm systems and separate hydraulic brake actuators, etc., these innovations were not applied to cars GAZ-52, which until the end of production, went off the assembly line with single-circuit brakes and archaic lighting devices of the 1960s, which were often replaced by owners with more modern ones.

Modifications to the GAZ-52

• GAZ-52 (1964) - flatbed truck, base 3.3 m, load capacity 2.5 t, engine GAZ-52, 75 liters capacity. with., was released pilot batch;
• GAZ-52F (1958-1959) - flatbed truck, base 3.3 m, load capacity 2.5 tons with in-line six-cylinder pre-chamber and flare GAZ-51F engine, 85 liters capacity. with., was released pilot batch;
• GAZ-52G (1959) - flatbed truck, base 3.7 m, carrying capacity 4 t, engine GAZ-51F, not commercially produced;
• GAZ-52A (from the middle of 1964 until 1966) - chassis, base 3.7 m, carrying capacity 3 t, engine GAZ-52, 75 liters capacity. with.;
• GAZ-52P (1959) - truck tractor, base 3.3 m, engine GAZ-51F, not commercially available;
• GAZ-52Ya (1959) - modification of an onboard truck with a load-carrying board, carrying capacity of 2.5 tons, GAZ-51F engine, not commercially produced;
• GAZ-52-01 (from 1966 to 1993) - chassis, base 3.7 m, load capacity 2.5 tons for buses and specialized cars, engine GAZ-52-01, 75 hp (from 1975) installed engine model GAZ-52-04);
• GAZ-52-02 (from June 1975 to 1983) - undercarriage for GAZ-SAZ dump trucks (SAZ-3503 and SAZ-3504), GAZ-52-04 engine, 75 liters capacity. with.;
• GAZ-52-03 (from June 1966 to 1973) - flatbed truck, base 3.7 m, carrying capacity 2.5 t, engine GAZ-52-01, with a capacity of 75 liters. with.;
• GAZ-52-04 (from April 1975 to 1989) - basic flatbed truck, base 3.3 m, engine GAZ-52-04, with a capacity of 75 liters. with.;
• GAZ-52-05 (from April 1975 to 1989) - a cargo taxi based on truck 52-04;
• GAZ-52-06 (from 1977 to 1985) - truck tractor, base 3.3 m;
• GAZ-52-07 (from November 1976 to 1984) - Modification 52-04 on liquefied gas, engine capacity of 73 liters. s., maximum speed up to 70 km / h;
• GAZ-52-08 (from 1977 to 1993) - modification of the long-base chassis 52-01 on liquefied gas, maximum speed up to 70 km / h;
• GAZ-52-09 (from 1977 to 1989) - modification of a cargo taxi 52-05 on liquefied gas;
• GAZ-52-27 - (from 1984 to 1988) - a truck on compressed natural gas, engine capacity of 65 liters. s., maximum speed up to 70 km / h;
• GAZ-52-28 - (from 1984 to 1988) - chassis on compressed natural gas, the base of 3.7 m;
• GAZ-52-50 - export tropical modification GAZ-52-01;
• GAZ-52-54 - export tropical modification GAZ-52-04;
• GAZ-52-70 - export modification GAZ-52-01;
• GAZ-52-74 - export modification GAZ-52-04;
• GAZ-3302 (1977) - flatbed truck or chassis with a cab, the base of 3.32 m, carrying capacity of 3.0 tons, engine capacity of 75 liters. s., reinforced suspension; not commercially available.

• Scale models of GAZ-52 and GAZ-53 trucks on a 1:43 scale are produced in small series by the Ukrainian workshops "Vector-models" and "Kherson-model".
• In May 2013, a model from “DIP models” of beige color appeared on the market.

• Brief automobile directory NIIAT. - the tenth edition, revised and enlarged. - Moscow: Transport, 1985. - p. 58. - 220 p. - 350 000 copies
• Car GAZ-52-04 and its modifications. Manual. - the sixth edition. - Gorky, 1978. - 127 p.
• GAZ-52 car. Manual. - Gorky, 1972. - 123 p.

• GAZ-52
• GAZ-52-04 is 30 years old
• Similarities and differences of GAZ-52/53 families