The SLAC National Acceleration Laboratory ( SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , until 2008 [1] - Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, English Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, SLAC ) is one of seventeen national laboratories of the US Department of Energy , which is operated by Stanford University [2 ] , carrying out research under the program of the Agency for Science Department of Energy of the United States.
SLAC National Acceleration Laboratory ( SLAC ) | |
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Based | 1962 |
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The research program at SLAC focuses on experimental and theoretical studies in elementary particle physics using electron beams and includes research in atomic and solid state physics , chemistry , biology, and medicine using synchrotron radiation . [3] The 3.2 km (2 mile) underground accelerator is the longest linear accelerator in the world and is considered the “most direct object in the world”. [4] The Homebrew Computer Club and other pioneers of the computer revolution of the 1980s also gathered at SLAC, and later SLAC created the first web page in the USA. The elevated klystron gallery above the beam course is the longest building in the USA.
Content
History
The laboratory was founded in 1962 on the lands of Stanford University .
The scientists at SLAC were awarded three Nobel Prizes in Physics:
- 1976: C-quark - J / ψ-meson ( Burton Richter ) [5]
- 1990: The structure of a quark inside a proton and a neutron ( Richard Taylor ) [6]
- 1995: Discovery of Tau Lepton ( Martin Pearl ) [7]
Settings
CBX
Princeton-Stanford Colliding Beams eXperiment is one of the world's first colliders (alongside AdA in Italy and VEP-1 in the USSR), which began to be constructed even before the establishment of the SLAC laboratory. Two-electron electron-electron collider for energy of 500 MeV in a beam, which worked in 1963-1967 to test the concept of experiments on colliding beams.
Stanford linear accelerator
The linear accelerator of electrons and positrons with a length of 2 miles (3.2 km) for energy up to 50 GeV, launched in 1966. Located underground at a depth of 9 m, on the surface above the tunnel is the klystron gallery, considered the longest building in the United States. At different times, the accelerator was used for a variety of different experiments in particle physics .
SPEAR
The SPEAR electron-positron collider for energy up to 2.4 GeV in the beam worked from 1972 to 1990. On it in 1974 the J / ψ-meson was discovered, the work was awarded the Nobel Prize. After appropriate upgrades, it was converted to a synchrotron radiation source SPEAR2, then SPEAR3.
PEP
Positron-Electron Project - an electron-positron collider for energy of 29 GeV in a beam, worked in 1980-1990, in parallel with SPEAR. During the heyday, up to 6 detectors operated simultaneously on the collider.
SLC
SLC , Stanford Linear Collider is the only linear electron-positron collider in the world that worked in 1988–1998 with the Mark II and SLD detectors (SLAC Large Detector). The collider used a linear accelerator, to which two arches were added to organize the meeting place. The energy made it possible to study the Z-boson with a mass of 90 GeV, but in the same years at CERN the cyclic Large Electron-Positron Collider was launched in the same energy range, but with a higher luminosity .
PEP-II
The electron-positron collider, consisting of two rings with asymmetric energy, to a very high energy, the so-called B-factory . It began construction in 1994, worked in 1999–2008 with the BaBar detector, in competition with the B-factory KEKB in Japan.
LCLS
Linac Coherent Light Source is the world's first free electron X - ray laser based on the spontaneous emission self-amplification (SASE) phenomenon. LCLS uses part of the lab's main linac, first generation obtained in 2009. At present, the LCLS-II is being upgraded, with the replacement of the linear accelerator by superconducting accelerating modules.
FACET
Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests is an installation that uses part of the main SLAC linac with energy up to 20 GeV to conduct a series of experimental work, including plasma acceleration . She worked in the years 2012-2016. How FACET-II will work with LCLS-II after upgrading.
NLCTA
Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator - an electron linac for energy up to 120 MeV for experiments in accelerator physics .
Photos
Input sign
To the near end of the building
To the far end of the building
Inside SLD
Pit and whole detector
Notes
- ↑ SLAC renamed to SLAC Natl. Accelerator Laboratory , The Stanford Daily , The Stanford Daily Publishing Corporation (October 16, 2008). Released on October 16, 2008. (unavailable link)
- ↑ Former Government-owned Nuclear Warhead Facilities. // Nuclear Weapons Databook, Vol. II: US Nuclear Warhead Production, 1987, p. 148.
- ↑ US Department of Energy Office of Science. Review of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Integrated Safety Management System: Final Report. Washington: GPO, October 2005. p. one.
- ↑ Saracevic, Alan T. “ Silicon Valley: It's where the brains meet bucks. » San Francisco Chronicle 23 October 2005 . p J2. Accessed 24 October 2005 .
- ↑ Nobel Prize in Physics 1976 Archived December 7, 2005. . Half of the prize was awarded to Burton Richter .
- ↑ Nobel Prize in Physics 1990 Archived November 26, 2005. The prize is divided between Jerome Friedman , Henry Kendall , and Richard Taylor .
- ↑ Nobel Prize in Physics 1995 Archived December 2, 2005. Martin Pearl received half the prize.