Uchtepe (Uch-Tepe [1] , Azeri Üçtəpə ) - three large “leaders mounds ” in the steppe zone of East Azerbaijan , on the Mil plain [2] , near the village of Salmanbeyli in the Agjabadi district [3] , near the ancient town of Galatepe [4] and Yantepe mound [5] , 20 kilometers northwest of Oren-Kala [1] . The monument of the Early Bronze Age [6] refers to the final stages of the Kuro-Araksk culture (the end of the 3rd millennium BC ) [7] .
| Sight | |
| Uchtepe | |
|---|---|
| azerb. Üçtəpə | |
| A country |  Azerbaijan |
| Location | Salmanbeyli , Agjabadi District |
The Uchtepe group of three barrows was discovered by the American expedition of Raphael Pumpelli . The northern mound 4 meters high and 65–70 meters in diameter was destroyed during the construction of the gas pipeline [8] .
The monument was studied in 1958-1960. The Uch-Tepa detachment [1] of the joint expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR under the leadership of Alexander Iessen [1] .
A radiocarbon study of samples from the Uchtepa mound showed: wood (roof logs) - 2539 ± 120 year BC. e., coal - 2867 ± 230 B.C. e. Uchtepa pots resemble the vessels of the Maikop burial mound [9] [2] .
The conical mound of barrow No. 3 in the tract Uchtepe has a height of 13.1-13.2 meters with a diameter of 130 meters. About 100 juniper logs 8 meters long were brought from far away for burial of mound No. 3 of the Uchtepe burial ground [10] [1] . An influential tribal leader rests in the grave [6] .
In a burial that dates back to the 8th century, in barrow No. 3 of the Uchtepe burial ground, at a depth of 13 meters, during excavations on July 19, 1960, a gold pendant coin was found, solid Justinian I (527-565) with two holes above and below the image of the head of the emperor [ 11] , as well as a gold neck hryvnia made of tetrahedral wire and a belt set [3] .
The so-called "Small Kurgan" in the tract Uchtepe is a seasonal settlement. The settlement of Uchtepe dates from the 10th – 9th centuries. BC e. and was founded by nomadic herders. Small rectangular dugouts were used only in the winter season, and in spring the population and livestock moved to the mountains. Uchtepe settlement is the first and sufficiently investigated household monument of Karabakh of the indicated period [6] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Jessen A. A. Excavations of a large barrow in the tract Uch-Tepe // Materials and Research on Archeology of the USSR (MIA). - 1965. - No. 125 . - S. 153-193 .
- ↑ 1 2 Ancient Caucasus: from the prehistoric settlements of Anatolia to the Christian kingdoms of the early Middle Ages / Charles Burnie, David Marshall Lang; [trans. from English L. A. Igorevsky]. - M .: Centerpolygraph, 2016 .-- S. 131. - 381 p. - ISBN 978-5-9524-5198-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 Catalog of gold and silver objects from the archaeological site of Azerbaijan / G. M. Aslanov, T. I. Golubkina, Sh. G. Sadikh-zade; Gos. Museum of the History of Azerbaijan. - B .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, 1966 .-- S. 25, 31, 35, 38 .-- 68 p.
- ↑ Narimanov, Ideal Hamid oglu. The culture of the ancient agricultural and cattle-breeding population of Azerbaijan . - B .: Elm, 1987 .-- S. 42.
- ↑ Melikov Rauf Seyfullaevich, Aliev Tavakkul Rasulovich. About the Albanian city of Ainiana = Yunan (based on written sources and the latest archaeological research) // Problems of History, Philology, Culture. - 2011. - No. 4 (34) .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Jafarov, Gaydayat Farrukh oglu. Monuments of Karabakh of the Bronze and Early Iron Age // IRS Heritage. - 2008. - No. 31 . - S. 8-12 . - ISSN 1992-4828 .
- ↑ Masson, V.M. Ancient tombs of leaders in the Caucasus (Some aspects of the sociological interpretation) // The Caucasus and Eastern Europe in antiquity: Collection: Dedicated to the memory of E.I. Krupnova / Resp. ed. R.M. Munchaev and V.I. Markovin. - M .: Nauka, 1973.- S. 104 .-- 263 p.
- ↑ Sarianidi V.I. Antiquities of the country of Margush / Otv. ed. A.A. Roslyakov; AN TSSR. - Ashgabat: Ylym, 1990 .-- S. 58. - 313 p. - ISBN 5-8338-0218-0 .
- ↑ Munchaev, Ruf Magomedovich. Caucasus at the dawn of the Bronze Age: Neolithic, Eneolithic, Early Bronze / USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of Archeology. - M .: Nauka, 1975 .-- S. 313. - 415 p.
- ↑ Bronze Age of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Early and Middle Bronze of the Caucasus / [O. M. Dzhaparidze, K. Kh. Kushnareva, V. I. Markovin and others]; Repl. ed. K. Kh. Kushnareva, V.I. Markovin; [Grew up. AN, Institute of Archeology]. - M .: Nauka, 1994 .-- S. 139. - 382 p. - (Archeology). - ISBN 5-02-009723-3 .
- ↑ Gmyrya Lyudmila Borisovna. Attributes of early Christian burials from the territory of Dagestan // "History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus" (IAEK). - 2006. - No. 5 .