Ground-based Augmentation System (GBAS) - a functional complementation system in which the user receives additional information that improves the navigation accuracy of the GNSS from a ground-based transmitter when maneuvering in the aerodrome area, landing approach and landing . [one]
In Russian, this system is also referred to as LDPS (local differential subsystem). [2]
The term GBAS landing system (landing system of the ground-based augmentation system) or abbreviated GLS (from the English GBAS landing system) is used when approaching using GBAS . [one]
Content
- 1 Components
- 2 Principle of work
- 3 Benefits of GBAS
- 3.1 Aircraft maneuvering procedures
- 3.2 Costs for radio equipment and operation
- 4 Development Prospects
- 5 Application
- 5.1 in Russia
- 5.2 in the world
- 6 See also
- 7 notes
Components
The system consists of a GBAS ground station and an onboard GBAS receiver . [one]
In Russia, the name local control and correction station ( LKS ) is used to designate the GBAS station . [3]
Principle of Operation
When determining coordinates by GNSS , errors can occur that can change due to changes in the relative positions of satellites and the effects of the ionosphere on the radio signals from them.
The LCCS provides enhanced GNSS navigation accuracy by transmitting differential corrections to the pseudo-ranges of navigation satellites, as well as information about the integrity of signals, over the air .
Having received signals from the GNSS constellations ( GPS and / or GLONASS ), the LCC determines its location from them, compares the calculated location with the actual one and, on the basis of this, generates and transmits pseudorange corrections, integrity parameters, and data via the VHF digital radio channel (VDB) to the aircraft Final Approach Section (FAS). [one]
On board the aircraft there is a GBAS receiver - GNSS onboard equipment that can receive, process and use LCC signals, giving the crew and the automatic control system information to guide the aircraft horizontally and vertically.
GBAS Benefits
Aircraft maneuvering procedures
Maneuvering in the aerodrome area, approach , landing , take-off and departure to the second circle , depending on the capabilities of the equipment installed on board the aircraft , can be carried out using one GBAS system with automatic transition of equipment to the appropriate modes.
When performing GLS landing approach , the accuracy of maintaining the nominal trajectory does not depend on the distance of the aircraft from the LCC within the established area for the landing procedure, while when using ILS, the accuracy significantly depends on the distance of the aircraft from the runway . [four]
The use of digital communication channels in the system for data transmission from the LCC to the aircraft allows for high noise immunity.
LKSK is not required to be placed on the extension of the runway center line, which excludes the influence of the aircraft in front on the reception of landing data going behind.
In contrast to ILS , GLS does not have critical areas on the aerodrome working area where other aircraft and special equipment are restricted during approach , which allows optimization of taxiing, departure, and airfield maintenance procedures.
Costs of radio equipment and operation
One LKSK can provide accurate approach approaches for each direction of all runways within its coverage area. The use of ILS and MLS requires the installation of separate sets of equipment for each end of the runway .
Development Prospects
Application
in Russia
In 2015, S7 Airlines became the first airline to receive official approval from the Federal Air Transport Agency for completing GLS approaches. [5]
As of 2017, Russia has deployed the world's largest network of LCKS (GBAS stations), which monitors and records the operation parameters of the GLONASS and GPS satellite constellations throughout the country. Most airports of federal significance provide an accurate GLS entry for ICAO Category I. [6]
in the world
In the USA , the abbreviation LAAS ( Local-Area Augmentation System ) was previously used to refer to GBAS . Currently, the US Federal Aviation Administration has made the transition to the standardized ICAO abbreviation , but some old documents have retained the same terminology. [7]
See also
- ILS (course-glide path)
- MLS (Microwave Landing System)
- Approach
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 ICAO. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Guide. - 2. - 2013. - 100 s. - ISBN 978-92-9249-348-6 .
- ↑ Radio Navigation Plan of the Russian Federation, July 28, 2015 . docs.cntd.ru. Date of treatment September 3, 2019.
- ↑ FAP "Radio-technical support of aircraft flights and aviation telecommunications in civil aviation", Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia of October 20, 2014 No. 297 . docs.cntd.ru. Date accessed August 31, 2019.
- ↑ Satellite landing technologies - the basis of helicopter flight safety | JSC "Navigator" . navigat.ru. Date of treatment September 1, 2019.
- ↑ We'll land by satellite - FrequentFlyers.ru . Date of treatment September 1, 2019.
- ↑ FAA. SatNavNews FAA Navigation Programs . FAA (spring 2017).
- ↑ GNSS Frequently Asked Questions - GBAS . www.faa.gov. Date of treatment September 1, 2019.