DDA-100 ( d vukhkonsolny dozhdevalny a unit) - a series of Soviet and Russian short- jet two-console irrigation systems with water intake from an open network and irrigation in motion. It is used for irrigation of vegetables, industrial crops and crops, berries and pastures.
The installation of common modifications consists of a pump with a drive and a suction line, a hydraulic system and a frame mounted on a tractor, to which a two-console metal truss is attached. In the center, the farm has a turntable with which the installation can be rotated relative to the tractor. The lower truss belt and turntable are piping. The installation is hung on the DT-75 and DT-75M tractors with a creeper or their analogues, early modifications of the installation were hung on the DT-54 .
For irrigation using the DDA-100 series, a network of irrigation canals is cut. The work is as follows. A tractor with a machine mounted on it moves along the irrigation canal, the water depth in which must be at least 0.3 m. In order to ensure normal operating conditions of the unit, the channel creates water backwater, for which jumpers are arranged with a certain step along its length (the length of the channel between it’s called biof ). The centrifugal pump of the installation draws in water through a floating valve and distributes it along the turntable and lower belt of the farm, from where it irrigates the field through short-jet and end nozzles in the form of light rain along the entire length of the installation. Since the pressure in the pipes decreases as they move away from the tractor, to get the same water flow rate, the nozzle outlet openings have different diameters. Watering is carried out in several passes. For making fertilizer solutions, the unit is equipped with a hydraulic feeder. The unit can be transported both in the working position and in the transport, being rotated and located along the longitudinal axis of the tractor [1] [2] .
Soviet engineer M.S. Yanshin came up with the idea of a cantilever short-jet sprinkler in 1934 during the design of an irrigation network near the village of Karachal in Azerbaijan. The DDA-100 unit was designed and built by M. S. Yanshin in 1936-1937 at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation and became the first installation in the country in the country. She was mounted on an S-65 tractor. The prototype was highly appreciated in the tests. In 1939, three units were already operating in the Volga region and one near Moscow. With all the advantages, the DDA-100 units had such a disadvantage as large metal consumption. This is probably why the installation did not go into mass production in the difficult pre-war years. [3] [4] . Work resumed after the war. A serial modification of the DDA-100M appeared, working with the DT-54 tractor. Then, a modification of the DDA-100MA was developed. It partially changed the frame for installation on the DT-75M tractor; improved hydraulic control; improved short-jet nozzles; located along the farm; the pump drive mechanism has been changed (for DDA-100M, the impeller is driven from the reverse gear shaft of the converted gearbox through a spline coupling, for DDA-100MA - from the drive shaft of the reducer through a reduction gearbox mounted on the rear axle of the tractor); in addition, the speed of rotation of the impeller is increased, due to which the productivity of the unit and the pressure of the water have increased. These units were produced at the Kherson combine plant . After the cessation of the production of DDA-100MA, the Volgograd Plant of Irrigation Equipment designed the DDA-100V unit. It differed from its predecessors in a modified truss design, a hydraulic system and a hitch, a double pressure pipe, sector nozzles, etc. The last modification, DDA-100VH, currently produced by the Volgograd plant, in terms of resource indicators (material consumption, economic and energy indicators), unlike its predecessors, is one of the most effective among installations operating from an open network [5] [6] [7] . Along with profitability, high productivity and uniform moistening of the soil, the DDA-100 series units also have disadvantages. These include the fact that a significant area is allocated for canals and roads along them [8] .
As of 2016, obsolete DDA-100M and DDA-100MA units belonging to first-generation units in the Russian sprinkler fleet occupied 16% (2700 units). Newer sprinklers, including DDA-100V and DDA-100VH, are produced in extremely small quantities [8] .
| Technical characteristics of installations [9] [3] [10] [7] [11] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | DDA-100 | DDA-100M | DDA-100MA | DDA-100V and DDA-100VO | DDA100VX-1 | DDA100VX-2 | DDA100VX-3 | DDA100VX-4 |
| Water consumption, l / s | 70-100 | 100 | 130 | 130 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 120 |
| Working width, m | 120 | 120 | 123 | 123 | 123 | 123 | ||
| The height of the pipes above the ground, m | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||||||
| The working pressure of the pump, m water. Art. | 25 | 23-30 | 37 | 34 | ||||
| Productivity per hour of working time with irrigation rate of 300 m³ / ha, ha | 1.0-1.2 | 1,6 | 1,56 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Seasonal productivity, ha | 300 | 110-120 | 140 | |||||
| Working speed, km / h | 0.411 | 1,03 | 1.07 (forward) 0.6 (back) | 1.02 (forward) and 0.63 (back) | 1.02 (forward) and 0.63 (back) | 1.02 (forward) and 0.63 (back) | 1.02 (forward) and 0.63 (back) | |
| Transport speed, km / h | 4,55 | 4.27 | ||||||
| Pressure, MPa | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.37 | ||
| Precipitation layer for 1 pass, mm | 3.8 (forward) 6.8 (back) | five | 2,31 | 3.08 | 3.85 | 5.00 | ||
| Rain intensity, mm / min | 3,5 | 2.7 | 2,5 | |||||
| Watering uniformity coefficient | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.80 | ||||
| Unit weight without tractor, kg | 4240 | 4240 | 4200 | |||||
Notes
- ↑ Aniferov F.E., Eroshenko L.I., Teplinsky I.Z. Machines for gardening. - 2nd ed. - Leningrad: Agropromizdat. Leningra. Department, 1990 .-- S. 183-184. - 304 p.
- ↑ Listopad G.E., Demidov G.K., Zonov B.D. Agricultural and land reclamation machines. - Agropromizdat. - M. , 1986. - S. 415. - 688 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Sprinkling machines // Demosthenes - Precambrian. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1952. - S. 632-634. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 vols.] / Ch. Ed. B.A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, vol. 14).
- ↑ Leonid Evseev. Sprinkler machine // Technique of youth. - 1977. - No. 12.
- ↑ Sprinkler two-console units DDA-100MA and DDA-100M // Aquaspray.ru.
- ↑ Shchedrin, V.N., Kolganov, A.V., Vasiliev, S.M., Churaev, A.A. Irrigation systems of Russia: from generation to generation . - Novocherkassk: Helikon, 2013 .-- S. 269. - 283 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Kuznetsova E.I., Zakabunina E.N., Snipich Yu.F. Irrigated agriculture: textbook. allowance. - M .: FSBEI HPE RGAZU, 2012 .-- S. 28-29, 84. - 117 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Kolganov D. A. Sprinkler “Frigate” with an improved water supply system for irrigation in low pressure mode . The dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. - Saratov, 2017
- ↑ Sysoev V.V., Maneylov V.V., Tikhonov N.N. Land reclamation: guidelines for laboratory and practical studies. - Penza: RIO PSAA, 2011 .-- S. 9 .-- 55 p.
- ↑ Dubenok N.N., Shumakova K.B. Hydrotechnical agricultural land reclamation. - 2nd ed. - M .: Prospect, 2016 .-- 336 p.
- ↑ Two-console sprinkler aggregate DDA-100V // avtomash.ru.