Alexandrovsky Park , located in the Petrograd district of St. Petersburg - one of the first public parks in the city. It is located on the site of the former glacis of the Peter and Paul Fortress north of the kronverka , and is bounded by Kronverksky Prospekt (enveloping the park along the arched border of the former glacis), Kronverkskaya Embankment and Kamennoostrovsky Prospect .
| Alexandrovsky park | |
|---|---|
 Monument to the "Guardian" in the Alexander Park | |
| basic information | |
| Square | 14.57 ha |
| Established | 1842 |
| Status |  An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of regional significance. Reg. No. 781520316110005 ( EGROKN ). (Wikigid database) |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| City | St. Petersburg |
| A district of the city | Petrogradsky district |
| Historical district | Petrograd side |
| Underground |  Gorkovskaya |
Content
History
The territory of the Alexander Park since the founding of the Peter and Paul Fortress in 1703 was its glacis. Even after the end of the Northern War in 1721, this section was not built up for a long time.
For the first time, Emperor Alexander I attended to the construction of the park, instructing the architect A. A. Menelas to draw up such a project. However, it was not implemented. The next initiative to build a park here belongs to the Minister of Finance (1823-1844) E.F. Kankrin . On duty, he often visited the Peter and Paul Fortress, where the Mint is located.
In January 1842, Kankrin, during a report to the Tsar, asked permission to set up the park "both for decorating this place and the road to Kamenny Island , and for the benefit of the public." In response, he was acquainted with the work of Menelas. This project seemed to Kankrin expensive, as it provided for the demolition of Kronverk. The Minister instructed the architect of his department, Anton Matveevich Kutsi, to draw up a new project, in addition, he himself took a direct part in this work.
Already at the next report, drawings, drawings and estimates were provided to Nicholas I. To implement his plan, Kankrin did not ask the emperor for money; the savings of the ministry should have been spent. These funds were not enough for the reconstruction of the entire Glacis, because the project concerned only its eastern part. In February 1842, the project was approved by the emperor.
Park
Fountain and stream | ||
The new park was transferred to the Mint. The Minister often visited the construction site, personally with the gardener Gusev made a list of the trees, shrubs and grasses needed here. Tradeswoman Otto Kankrin approved the prices and menu of the restaurant that opens here (vodka and liquor for 5-10 cents a glass). It also provided for the establishment of mineral waters. Inside the park, a circular path for riding was held, and a pedestrian path nearby. Arbors, a coffee house, sandboxes for children were installed on the territory. In memory of Emperor Alexander I, the park was called Alexandrovsky.
On Alexandrov Day, festivities took place in Alexander Park. The first of them is August 30, 1845 .
The rest of the glacis by Nicholas I was transferred to the Main Directorate of Railways and Public Buildings. The newly appointed Chief Executive Earl Pyotr Andreyevich Kleinmichel was instructed by the emperor to "build a park on the esplanade against the Peter and Paul Fortress" and "in this case, pave the way to Tyuchkov Bridge to connect this park with the already built Petrovsky Park ...".
By 1843, the count provided the emperor with blueprints and estimates drawn up by the senior city architect A.M. Lieven. The project was approved, but no money was allocated from the treasury for implementation. The work was supposed to be funded by city revenues and reserves of the Ministry of Railways.
Thus, two parts of the Alexander Park were arranged simultaneously by two different ministries. The Ministry of Finance did not have a special need for funds for the work. And Count Kleinmichel was let down by his personal enemy, Minister of the Interior L. A Perovsky, who refused to share with St. Petersburg’s chief manager, claiming that "these revenues are barely enough to meet the necessary expenses of the city." Only its savings department of communications was clearly not enough. Thus, by the time of the opening of the eastern part of the Alexander Park, the other part was arranged only up to Vvedenskaya street.
Further development of the park
In August 1847, Nicholas I approved the project for the further development of the Alexander Park, which was to connect with Petrovsky. The works managed to be brought to the banks of the Neva, and the territory beyond Kronverksky Avenue began to be prepared. However, after the outbreak of the Crimean War and the death of Nicholas I, the implementation of the project was stopped.
In the years 1898-1900, at the initiative of Prince A.P. Oldenburgsky, the architect G.I. Lutsedarsky built the building of the People's House in the Alexander Park (based on the pavilion of the All-Russian Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod by architect A.N. Pomerantsev ). In 1910-1912, the building was expanded according to the project of Lyutsedarsky - the People’s Audience was built, which is now occupied by Music Hall (No. 4); the other surviving part houses the St. Petersburg Planetarium [1] . In 1903, Alexander Park was cut into two parts by Kamennoostrovsky Prospect , which stretches to the new Trinity Bridge . On May 10 ( 23 ), 1911 [2] near the Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt a monument to the destroyer "Steregushchiy" was unveiled.
In 1901, the City Duma allocated a plot of land in the park for free for the construction of an exemplary orthopedic medical institution, organized according to the decree of Empress Alexandra Fedorovna, which was supposed to meet all the requirements of modern science. The building of the Orthopedic Clinical Institute was built in 1902-1905. designed by architect R.-F. Meltzer . The decoration of the building in the Art Nouveau style was the majolica “Our Lady with the Baby”, made according to the drawing of Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin and placed on the wall of the central risalite intended for the house church of the Savior the Healer.
Between 1908 and 1914, tram lines were put into operation on Kronverksky Avenue in stages. Thus, today the entire Alexander Park can be circled by tram (routes No. 6 and No. 40).
On October 6, 1923, Alexander Park was renamed to Lenin Park.
In 1963, the Gorkovskaya metro station was opened in Lenin Park.
Modernity
In 2002-2003, the reconstruction of the Alexander Park was carried out. A pedestrian zone was organized here, 283 new trees and 1974 shrubs were planted, outdated lighting was replaced, fences were updated, lawns were repaired.
In autumn 2008, the lobby of the Gorkovskaya metro station was closed for reconstruction. The station opened on December 26, 2009 .
On June 15, 2011, the only mini-city mini-city street park in Russia from Gazprom was opened on the territory of Aleksandrovsky Park with cast in bronze in 1:33 scale copies of the main St. Petersburg historical and architectural sights. Also on this day in the park was installed the sculptural group "Architects", depicting the great architects of the Russian Empire, who created the look of St. Petersburg. Among them is a sculpture of J.-F. Tom de Thomon , however, as it turned out in 2018 [3] , instead of the French architect, the sculptor depicted the English chemist Thomas Thomson , having mixed up portraits.
On August 30, 2011, at the intersection of Kronverkskaya Embankment and Kamennoostrovsky Prospect, a memorial sign was opened in honor of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg journalism.
See also
- Alexander Garden (St. Petersburg)
- Monument to the Guardian
Literature
- Gorbachevich K. S. , Khablo E. P. Why are they so named? On the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges of Leningrad. - 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - L .: Lenizdat , 1985 .-- S. 15 .-- 511 p.
Notes
- ↑ Kirikov B. M. Architecture of St. Petersburg Art Nouveau. Public buildings: Book One. - St. Petersburg: Kolo, 2012 .-- S. 75-105. - 576 p. - ISBN 978-5-901841-80-8 .
- ↑ Opened on May 10 in St. Petersburg in the Highest Presence, a monument to the heroes of the destroyer “The Guardian” with a stream of water pouring from an open porthole. .
- ↑ How Alexey Miller presented St. Petersburg instead of the Russian architect of the Scottish chemist from Wikipedia . // Fontanka, August 16, 2018