Inhibitor ( lat. Inhibere "delay") is a common name for substances that inhibit or delay the course of physiological and physicochemical (mainly enzymatic) processes [1] .
The opposite concept is a catalyst .
Content
Description
The action of inhibitors is characteristic of catalytic and chain reactions involving active sites or particles. The inhibition or prevention of the reaction is due to the fact that the inhibitor blocks the active centers of the catalyst or reacts with the active particles with the formation of low - level radicals . The inhibitor is introduced into the system in a much lower concentration than the concentration of reagents.
Currently, inhibitors are widely used in the food industry, preventing the hydrolysis of fats, oxidation reactions and fermentation [2] .
Examples of inhibitors
For example, hydroquinone is a benzaldehyde oxidation inhibitor; technetium compounds are a steel corrosion inhibitor; diphenyl ketone - styrene polymerization inhibitor; Nitrogen trichloride is a potent inhibitor of the reaction of chlorine with hydrogen , one thousandth of one percent is enough to stop the reaction [3] .
Metal Corrosion Inhibitors
Of particular practical importance are metal corrosion inhibitors. According to modern concepts, the mechanism of action of corrosion inhibitors is of an electrochemical nature. As applied to metal corrosion, an inhibitor is a substance that, adsorbed on the metal surface, makes its potential more positive, thereby slowing down the corrosion process.
The inhibitors are also often considered to be substances that reduce the activity of the corrosive environment or create protective films on the metal surface, which are the product of the interaction of the inhibitor with a solution, a metal or the product of its corrosion (covering inhibitors).
There are a large number of substances that can be considered as corrosion inhibitors. The most clearly inhibitory effect is expressed in amines , nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, thiols , urea and thiourea , sulfides , aldehydes, and others.
Inhibitors in Medicine
Organic reaction inhibitors are used as drugs in the treatment of human and animal diseases.
For example, neuraminidase inhibitors are used in the treatment of influenza [4] .
See also
- Catalyst
Notes
- β Inhibitors // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh Encyclopedias , 2005. - T. II. - ISBN 9965-9746-3-2 .
- β Catalysis and inhibition . www.chem.msu.su. The appeal date is December 7, 2018.
- β Inhibitors // Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Young Chemist. 2nd ed. / Comp. V. A. Kritzman, V. V. Stanzo. - M .: Pedagogy , 1990. - p . 91 . - ISBN 5-7155-0292-6 .
- β Gubareva, LV Influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors: [ eng ] / LV Gubareva, L. Kaiser, FG Hayden // The Lancet. - 2000. - Vol. 355, no. 9206 (4 March). - P. 827β35. - DOI : 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (99) 11433-8 . - PMID 10711940 . - PMC 10711940 .
Literature
- Inhibitors // Brief chemical encyclopedia / Knunyants I.L. (Gl. Editor). - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1961-1967. - T. 2. - p. 228-229.