List of launches to the moon in the 20th century.
Content
- 1 History
- 2 List
- 2.1 1958
- 2.2 1959
- 2.3 1960
- 2.4 1961
- 2.5 1962
- 2.6 1963
- 2.7 1964
- 2.8 1965
- 2.9 1966
- 2.10 1967
- November 2, 1968
- December 2, 1969
- 2.13 1970s
- 2.14 1990s
- 3 Comments
- 4 notes
- 5 References
- 6 Literature
History
The moon is a natural satellite of the Earth and the most visible astronomical object in the night sky. With the advent of rocket and space technology, the opportunity arose to directly explore the moon and near-moon space. At the earliest opportunity, space race race leaders began launching spacecraft as part of their moon exploration programs. The competition between the USA and the USSR for the right to assign various priorities in the framework of the exploration of the moon was called the " Moon Race " and is often regarded as an independent part of the history of astronautics . The Soviet Union managed to achieve a number of successes in the field of automatic vehicles, and the United States became the sole leaders in the manned program.
With the development of space technology, the Moon ceased to be only a goal and began to be used as a tool for performing gravitational maneuvers, which made it possible to implement other space programs.
List
| Fill color of selected runs |
|---|
| Landing or getting to the moon |
| Entrance into the lunar orbit |
| Launch to the Moon and return to Earth |
| Span of the Moon (including gravitational maneuvers) |
| Launch on behalf of the lunar program |
| Emergency launch - a launch during which the spacecraft was lost at the launch of the launch vehicle or did not go beyond Earth orbit |
| Partially successful launch - launch, during which the spacecraft was put into orbit, which was significantly different from the planned one, but the device itself was not lost |
1958
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft [to 1] | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Starting place [to 2] | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 08/17/1958 | - | - | Pioneer 0 ("US Air Force Moon probe" ( English Air Force Lunar Probe )) | Thor Able -I (Tor number 127) | Cape Canaveral SLC-17 | ISL entry into orbit | Launch vehicle crash | 08/17/1958 | |
| 09/23/1958 | - | - | Luna-1A (E-1 No. 1) | " Moon " (8K72 No. B1-3) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | ISL entry into orbit | Launch vehicle crash | 09/23/1958 | |
| 10/10/1958 | 1958 -007A | 00110 | Pioneer 1 | Thor Able -I (Tor number 130) | Cape Canaveral SLC-17 | ISL entry into orbit | Shortage of speed and fall to Earth | 10/13/1958 | |
| 10/10/1958 | - | - | Luna-1B (E-1 No. 2) | " Moon " (8K72 No. B1-4) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | ISL entry into orbit | Launch vehicle crash | 10/10/1958 | |
| 11/08/1958 | - | - | Pioneer 2 | Thor Able -I (Tor number 129) | Cape Canaveral SLC-17 | ISL entry into orbit | Shortage of speed and fall to Earth | 11/08/1958 | |
| 12/04/1958 | - | - | Luna-1C (E-1 No. 3) | " Moon " (8K72 No. B1-5) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | ISL entry into orbit | Launch vehicle crash | 10/10/1958 | |
| 12/06/1958 | 1958-008A | 00111 | Pioneer 3 | Juno-2 (No. AM-11) | Cape Canaveral LC-5 | ISL entry into orbit | Shortage of speed and fall to Earth | 12/07/1958 | |
1959
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01/02/1959 | 1959-012A | 00112 | Luna 1 (E-1 No. 4, "Dream") | " Moon " (8K72 No. B1-6) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Hit the moon | Span at a distance of about 5965 km from the lunar surface and access to the heliocentric orbit | 10/05/1959 | |
| 03.03.1959 | 1959-013A | 00113 | Pioneer 4 | Juno-2 (No. AM-14) | Cape Canaveral LC-5 | Span of the moon and falling into a sphere with a radius of 20,000 km around the moon | Span at a distance of about 60,000 km from the lunar surface and access to the heliocentric orbit | 03/07/1959 | |
| 06/18/1959 | - | - | Luna-2A (E-1 No. 5) | " Moon " (8K72 No. B1-7) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Hit the moon | Launch vehicle crash | 06/18/1959 | |
| 08/07/1959 | 1959-004A | 00015 | Explorer 6 | Thor Able (DM-18 Able III No. 134) | Cape Canaveral LC-17 A | High Elephant Orbit Lunar Satellite Test | The first images of the Earth from a spacecraft | 10/06/1959 [to 3] | |
| 09/12/1959 | 1959-014A | 00114 | Luna 2 (E-1A No. 7) | " Moon " (No. 43-7, L1-7B) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Hit the moon | The first station to reach the surface of the moon | 09/13/1959 | |
| 09/24/1959 | - | - | " Pioneer P-1 " | Atlas Able (Atlas-C) | Cape Canaveral LC-14 | Entrance into the orbit of the moon | Launch vehicle crash | 09/24/1959 | |
| 10/04/1959 | 1959-008A | 00021 | Luna 3 (E-2A No. 1) | " Moon " (L1-8) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Fly around and photograph the back of the moon | The first photos of the far side of the moon | 10/22/1959 | |
| 11/26/1959 | - | - | " Pioneer P-3 " | Atlas Able (Atlas-D) | Cape Canaveral LC-14 | Entrance into the orbit of the moon | Launch vehicle crash | 09/24/1959 | |
1960
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 04/19/1960 | - | - | " Moon " (E-3 No. 2) | " Moon " (L1-9) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Fly around and photograph the back of the moon | Launch vehicle crash | 04/15/1960 | |
| 04/19/1960 | - | - | " Moon " (E-3 No. 1) | " Moon " (L1-9) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Fly around and photograph the back of the moon | Launch vehicle crash | 04/19/1960 | |
| 09/25/1960 | - | - | " Pioneer P-30 " | Atlas Able (Atlas-D) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Entrance into the orbit of the moon | Launch vehicle crash | 09/25/1960 | |
| 12/15/1960 | - | - | " Pioneer P-31 " | Atlas Able (Atlas-D) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Entrance into the orbit of the moon | Launch vehicle crash | 12/15/1960 | |
1961
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 03/25/1961 | 1961-010A | 00098 | Explorer 10 | Tor Delta (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-17 A | Entering a highly elliptical orbit, exploring the space between the Earth and the Moon | It entered a given orbit | 03/29/1961 | |
| 08/23/1961 | 1961-021A | 00173 | Ranger 1 | Atlas Agena (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Highly elliptical near-Earth orbit with the passage of the Moon | Second stage engine failure | 08/30/1961 | |
| 11/18/1961 | 1961-032A | 00206 | Ranger 2 | Atlas Agena (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Highly elliptical near-Earth orbit with the passage of the Moon | Second stage engine failure | 11/20/1961 | |
1962
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01/26/1962 | 1962-001A | 00221 | Ranger 3 | Atlas Agena (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Entering the moon, televisions and dropping capsules to the surface of the moon | Second stage engine error; access to the heliocentric orbit | 02/02/1961 | |
| 04/23/1962 | 1962-012A | 00280 | Ranger 4 | Atlas Agena (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Entering the moon, televisions and dropping capsules to the surface of the moon | Crash onboard equipment, crash on the far side of the moon | 04/26/1962 | |
| 10/18/1962 | 1962-055A | 00439 | Ranger 5 | Atlas Agena (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Entering the moon, televisions and dropping capsules to the surface of the moon | Error on-board power system; access to the heliocentric orbit | end of October 1962 | |
1963
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01/01/1963 | 1963-001A | 00521 | Luna-4C (E-6 No. 2) | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Overclocking unit failure; the station remained in Earth orbit | 01/05/1963 | |
| 02/03/1963 | - | - | Luna 4D (E-6 No. 3) | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Acceleration Block Failure | 02/03/1963 | |
| 04/04/1963 | 1963-008B | 00566 | Luna 4 (E-6 No. 4) | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Overclocking unit failure; fly by the moon | 06/14/1963 | |
1964
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01/30/1964 | 1962-001A | 00221 | Ranger 6 | Atlas Agena (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Hit the moon and photograph the surface | Camera Failure | 2.02.1964 | |
| 01/01/1963 | - | - | " Moon E-6 No. 6 " | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Launch vehicle crash | 01/01/1963 | |
| 04/20/1964 | - | - | " Moon E-6 No. 5 " | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Overclocking unit failure; the device remained in orbit of the Earth | 01/01/1963 | |
| 07/28/1964 | 1962-001A | 00221 | Ranger 7 | Atlas Agena (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Hit the moon and photograph the surface | Successful program execution | 07/31/1964 | |
1965
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 02/17/1965 | 1965-010A | 01086 | Ranger 8 | Atlas Agena (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Hit the moon and photograph the surface | Successful program execution | 02/02/1964 | |
| 03/12/1965 | 1965-018A | 01246 | Cosmos-60 (E-6 No. 9) | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Overclocking unit failure; the device remained in orbit of the Earth | 03/17/1965 | |
| 03/21/1965 | 1965-023A | 01294 | Ranger 9 | Atlas Agena (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-12 | Hit the moon and photograph the surface | Successful program execution | 03/24/1965 | |
| 04/10/1965 | - | - | " Moon E-6 No. 8 " | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Overclocking unit failure; the device remained in orbit of the Earth | 04/10/1965 | |
| 05/09/1965 | 1965-036A | 01366 | Luna 5 | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Crashed when landing | 05/12/1965 | |
| 06/06/1965 | 1965-044A | 01393 | Luna 6 | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Overclocking unit failure; fly by the moon | ||
| 07/18/1965 | 1965-056A | 01454 | " Probe-3 " | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Testing the possibility of long-distance radio communications photographing the surface of the moon | Successful photographing of the surface of the moon; maintaining radio communications to a distance of 153.5 million km | 03/03/1966 | |
| 10/04/1965 | 1965-077A | 01610 | Luna 7 | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Crashed when landing | 10/7/1965 | |
| 12/03/1965 | 1965-099A | 01810 | Luna 8 | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Crashed when landing | 12/6/1965 | |
1966
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01/31/1966 | 1966-006A | 01954 | Luna 9 | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | The first soft landing on the surface of the moon | 02/06/1966 | |
| 01/31/1966 | 1966-006A | 01954 | Cosmos-111 | Lightning (8K78M) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Entrance into the lunar orbit | Overclocking unit failure; the device remained in orbit of the Earth | 03/03/1966 | |
| 03/31/1966 | 1966-006A | 01954 | Luna 10 | Lightning (8K78M) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Entrance into the lunar orbit | Successful execution of the program; the first artificial moon satellite | 05/30/1966 | |
| 05/30/1966 | 1966-045A | 02185 | Surveyor-1 | Atlas-Centaurus (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-36 A | Soft landing on the moon | Successful program execution | 01/09/1967 | |
| 07/01/1966 | 1966-058A | 02258 | Explorer 33 | Tor Delta | Cape Canaveral LC-17 | Entrance into the lunar orbit | Stayed in orbit of the earth | 05/12/1971 | |
| 08/10/1966 | 1966-073A | 02394 | Lunar Orbiter-1 | Atlas Agena | Cape Canaveral LC-17 | Access to the lunar orbit; photographing the surface of the moon | Successful program execution | 10/29/1966 | |
| 08/24/1966 | 1966-078A | 02406 | Luna 11 | Lightning (8K78M) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Access to the lunar orbit; photographing the surface of the moon | Access to the lunar orbit; photographing failed | 10/10/1966 | |
| 09/20/1966 | 1966-084A | 02425 | Surveyor 2 | Atlas-Centaurus (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-36 A | Soft landing on the moon | Crashed on landing | 09/23/1966 | |
| 10/22/1966 | 1966-094A | 02508 | Luna 12 | Lightning (8K78M) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Access to the lunar orbit; photographing the surface of the moon | Successful program execution | 01/19/1967 | |
| 11/6/1966 | 1966-100A | 02534 | Lunar Orbiter-2 | Atlas Agena | Cape Canaveral LC-17 | Access to the lunar orbit; photographing the surface of the moon | Successful program execution | 10/11/1967 | |
| 12/21/1966 | 1966-116A | 02626 | Luna 13 | Lightning (8K78) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Soft landing on the moon | Successful program execution | 12/28/1966 | |
1967
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 02/05/1967 | 1967-008A | 02666 | Lunar Orbiter 3 | Atlas Agena | Cape Canaveral LC-13 | Access to the lunar orbit; photographing the surface of the moon | Successful program execution | 10/11/1967 | |
| 03/10/1967 | 1967-021A | 02705 | Cosmos-146 | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Test RB "Block D"; first launch of the prototype of the lunar spacecraft Soyuz 7K-L1 P | Going beyond the orbit of the moon | 03/22/1967 | |
| 04/08/1967 | 1967-032A | 02745 | Cosmos-154 | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Test RB "Block D"; Launch of the prototype of the lunar spacecraft Soyuz 7K-L1 P | Overclocking unit failure; the device remained in orbit of the Earth | 04/10/1967 | |
| 04/17/1967 | 1967-035A | 02756 | Surveyor 3 | Atlas-Centaurus (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-36 B | Soft landing on the moon | Successful execution of the program [to 4] | 05/03/1967 | |
| 05/04/1967 | 1967-041A | 02772 | Lunar Orbiter 4 | Atlas Agena | Cape Canaveral LC-13 | Access to the lunar orbit; photographing the surface of the moon | Successful program execution | 07/24/1967 | |
| 05/16/1967 | 1967-046A | 02805 | Cosmos-159 (E-6LS No. 111) | Lightning (8K78M) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Testing communication systems | Acceleration Block Crash | 05/25/1967 | |
| 07/14/1967 | 1967-035A | 02756 | Surveyor 4 | Atlas-Centaurus (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-36 B | Soft landing on the moon | The device crashed when landing | 05/03/1967 | |
| 07/19/1967 | 1967-070A | 02884 | Explorer-35 | Tor Delta | Cape Canaveral LC-17 B | Entrance into the orbit of the moon | Successful program execution | 06/24/1973 | |
| 08/01/1967 | 1967-075A | 02907 | Lunar Orbiter 5 | Atlas Agena | Cape Canaveral LC-13 | Access to the lunar orbit; photographing the surface of the moon | Successful program execution | 01/31/1968 | |
| 09/08/1967 | 1967-084A | 02937 | Surveyor 5 | Atlas-Centaurus (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-36 B | Soft landing on the moon | Successful program execution | 12/17/1967 | |
| 09/28/1967 | - | - | Probe 4A ( 7K-L1 No. 4) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Fly around the moon and return to Earth | Launch vehicle crash; SAS saved the lander | 09/28/1967 | |
| 11/07/1967 | 1967-112A | 03031 | Surveyor 6 | Atlas-Centaurus (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-36 B | Soft landing on the moon | Successful execution of the program; first movement on the surface of the moon | 12/14/1967 | |
| 11/9/1967 | 1967-113A | 03032 | Apollo 4 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-39 A | Low Earth orbit flight; the first flight of the Saturn-5 launch vehicle | Successful program execution | 11/9/1967 | |
| 11/22/1967 | - | - | Probe-4B ( 7K-L1 No. 5) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Fly around the moon and return to Earth | Launch vehicle crash; SAS saved the lander | 09/28/1967 | |
1968
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01/07/1968 | 1967-112A | 03031 | Surveyor 7 | Atlas-Centaurus (Atlas-Agena B) | Cape Canaveral LC-36 A | Soft landing on the moon | Successful program execution | 02/20/1968 | |
| 01/22/1968 | 1968-007A | 03106 | Apollo 5 | Saturn 1B | Cape Canaveral LC-34 | Low Earth orbit flight; Apollo Lunar Module Test | Successful program execution | 01/23/1968 | |
| 02/07/1968 | - | - | E-6 drugs number 112 | Lightning (8K78M) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Testing communication systems | Launch vehicle crash | 02/07/1968 | |
| 04/04/1968 | 1968-025A | 03170 | Apollo 6 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-34 | Low Earth orbit flight; last automatic flight of the Apollo series ship | A large number of crashes in flight | 04/04/1968 | |
| 04/07/1968 | 1968-027A | 03178 | Moon 14 ( E-6 HP No. 113) | Lightning (8K78M) | Baikonur pl. Number 1 | Testing communication systems | Successful program execution | 06/24/1968 | |
| 03/03/1968 | 1968-013A | 03134 | Probe 4 ( 7K-L1 No. 7) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Fly around the moon and return to Earth | It was blown up when landing in a contingency area | 03/09/1968 | |
| 04/22/1968 | - | - | Probe 5A ( 7K-L1 No. 7) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Fly around the moon and return to Earth | Launch vehicle crash; SAS saved the lander | 04/22/1968 | |
| 09/14/1968 | 1968-076A | 03394 | Probe 5 ( 7K-L1 No. 9) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Fly around the moon and return to Earth | Successful execution of the program; the first living creatures reached the orbit of the moon and returned to Earth | 09/21/1968 | |
| 10/11/1968 | 1968-089A | 03486 | Apollo 7 | Saturn-1B | Cape Canaveral LC-34 | Low Earth orbit; first manned ship of the Apollo series | Successful program execution | 10/22/1968 | |
| 11/10/1968 | 1968-101A | 03535 | Probe 6 ( 7K-L1 No. 12) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Fly around the moon and return to Earth | The lander crashed on landing | 11/17/1968 | |
| 12/21/1968 | 1968-118A | 03626 | Apollo 8 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-34 | Entering the orbit of the Moon and returning to Earth | Successful execution of the program; first manned ship circled the moon | 12/27/1968 | |
1969
Comparison of Apollo and LOC
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01/20/1969 | - | - | Probe-7A ( 7K-L1 No. 12) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Fly around the moon and return to Earth | Launch vehicle crash | 01/20/1969 | |
| 02/19/1969 | - | - | Lunokhod-0 ( E-8 No. 201, Moon-15A ) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Lunokhod delivery | Launch vehicle crash | 02/19/1969 | |
| 02/21/1969 | - | - | 7K-L1 S | " N-1 " (11A52) | Baikonur pl. Number 110 | First launch of the N-1 launch vehicle | Launch vehicle crash | 02/21/1969 | |
| 03/03/1969 | 1969-018A | 03769 | Apollo 9 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-34 | Near Earth Orbit | Successful program execution | 03/13/1969 | |
| 05/18/1969 | 1969-043A | 03941 | Apollo 10 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-39 B | Entrance into the lunar orbit and return to Earth | Successful program execution | 05/26/1969 | |
| 06/14/1969 | - | - | Luna-15B ( E-8 -5) | Proton (8K87) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | Launch vehicle crash | 06/14/1969 | |
| 07/03/1969 | - | - | 7K-L1 S | " N-1 " (11A52) | Baikonur pl. Number 110 | Second launch of the N-1 launch vehicle | Launch vehicle crash | 07/03/1969 | |
| 07/13/1969 | 1969-058A | 04036 | Moon 15 ( E-8 -5) | Proton (8K87) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | Loss of communication when landing | 07/21/1969 | |
| 07/16/1969 | 1969-059A | 04039 | Apollo 11 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-39 A | 1st manned moon expedition | Successful execution of the program; first humans on the moon | 07.24.1969 | |
| 08/07/1969 | 1969-067A | 4062 | Probe 7 ( 7K-L1 ) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Fly around the moon and return to Earth | Successful program execution | 08/14/1969 | |
| 09/23/1969 | 1969-080A | 04104 | Cosmos-300 ( E-8 -5) | Proton (8K87) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | The device remained in Earth orbit | 09/27/1969 | |
| 10/22/1969 | 1969-092A | 04150 | Cosmos-305 ( E-8 -5) | Proton (8K87) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | Acceleration Block Crash | 10/22/1969 | |
| 11/14/1969 | 1969-099A | 04225 | Apollo 12 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-39 A | 2nd manned moon expedition | Successful program execution | 11/24/1969 | |
1970s
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 02/06/1970 | - | - | Moon E-8-5 No. 405 ( E-8 -5) | Proton (8K87) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | Launch vehicle crash | 02/06/1970 | |
| 04/11/1970 | 1970-029A | 04371 | Apollo 13 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-39 A | 3rd manned moon expedition | Service module failure successful crew rescue | 04/17/1970 | |
| 09/12/1970 | 1970-072A | 04527 | Moon 16 ( E- 8-5 No. 406) | Proton (8K87) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | Successful execution of the program; for the first time an automatic device delivered soil from the lunar surface | 09/24/1970 | |
| 10/20/1970 | 1970-088A | 04591 | Probe 8 ( 7K-L1 ) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Fly around the moon and return to Earth | Successful program execution | 10/27/1970 | |
| 11/10/1970 | 1970-095A | 04691 | Lunokhod-1 ( E-8 No. 203, Moon-17 ) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Lunokhod-1 delivery | Successful program execution | 11/17/1970 | |
| 01/31/1971 | 1971-008A | 04900 | Apollo 14 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-39 A | 4th manned moon expedition | Successful program execution | 02/09/1971 | |
| 07/26/1971 | 1971-063A | 05351 | Apollo 15 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-39 A | 5th manned moon expedition | Successful program execution | 08/07/1971 | |
| 09/19/1971 | 1971-073A | 05448 | Moon 18 ( E- 8-5 No. 407) | Proton (8K82K) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | The device crashed while landing on the moon | 09/11/1971 | |
| 09/28/1971 | 1971-082A | 05488 | Moon 19 ( E-8 HP No. 202) | Proton (8K82K) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Entrance into the lunar orbit for mapping the moon and exploring the lunar space | Successful program execution | 11/11/1972 | |
| 02/14/1972 | 1972-007A | 05835 | Moon 20 ( E- 8-5 No. 408) | Proton (8K82K) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | Successful program execution | 02/23/1972 | |
| 04/16/1972 | 1972-031A | 06000 | Apollo 16 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-39 A | 6th manned moon expedition | Successful program execution | 04/27/1972 | |
| 12/07/1972 | 1972-096A | 06300 | Apollo 17 | Saturn 5 | Cape Canaveral LC-39 A | 6th manned moon expedition | Successful program execution | 12/19/1972 | |
| 01/01/1973 | 1973-001A | 06333 | Lunokhod-2 ( E-8 No. 204, Luna-21 ) | " Proton " + RB Block D (8K82K + 11S824) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Lunokhod-2 delivery | Successful program execution | 01/15/1973 | |
| 06/10/1973 | 1973-039A | 06686 | Explorer 49 ( Explorer-B , RAE-B ) | Delta 1000 ("Torad-Delta") | Cape Canaveral SLC-17 | Entrance into the lunar orbit | Successful program execution | 08/01/1973 | |
| 05/29/1974 | 1974-037A | 07315 | Moon 22 ( E-8 HP ) | Proton (8K82K) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Entrance into the lunar orbit for mapping the moon and exploration of the lunar space | Successful program execution | November 1975 | |
| 10/28/1974 | 1974-084A | 07491 | Moon 23 ( E-8 -5M) | Proton (8K82K) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | The apparatus toppled over when landing | 11/9/1974 | |
| 10/16/1975 | - | - | Luna-24A ( E-8 -5M No. 412) | Proton (8K82K) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | Launch vehicle crash | ||
| 08/09/1976 | 1976-081A | 09272 | Moon 24 ( E-8 -5M) No. 413 | Proton (8K82K) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Landing on the surface of the moon; Delivery of lunar soil to Earth | Successful program execution | 08/22/1976 | |
| 08/12/1978 | 1978-079A | 11004 | ISEE-3 (International Cometary Explorer (ICE), International Sun / Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3)) | Delta 2000 ("Torad-Delta") | Cape Canaveral SLC-17 | Study of the solar wind; gravitational maneuvers around the moon in 1983 and 2014 | Successful program execution | 09/16/2014 | |
1990s
| date of | NSSDC ID | SCN | Names of spacecraft | Launch vehicle and country of origin | Start place | The main goal of the launch | Result | Mission end date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01/24/1990 | 1990-007A | 20448 | Hitan (Muses-A) | " M-3SII-5 " | Utinoura LP-M1 | Exploration of the moon and near-moon space in a highly elliptical orbit (1990-1991); gravitational maneuvers around the moon (1991); access to the lunar orbit (1991) | Successful program execution | 04/10/1993 | |
| January 25, 1994 | 1994-004A | 22973 | Clementine | " Titan-2 SLV" | Vandenberg SLC-4W | Mapping the surface of the moon | Successful program execution | April 10, 1995 | |
| November 1, 1994 | 1994-071A | 23333 | GGS WIND | Delta 2 | Cape Canaveral LC-17B | Study of the solar wind; gravitational maneuvers in the Moon region to reach point L 1 of the Earth β Sun system | Current program | Active satellite | |
| December 24, 1997 | 1997-086A | 25126 | AsiaSat-3 | Proton-K (8K82K) | Baikonur pl. Number 81 | Telecommunication satellite; gravitational maneuvers in the moon region for salvation - access to the working orbit [k 5] | Acceleration Block Crash | Active satellite | |
| January 7, 1998 | 1998-001A | 25131 | Lunar prospector | Athena 2 | Cape Canaveral LC-46 | Lunar exploration of the moon | Successful program execution | July 31, 1999 | |
| July 3, 1998 | 1998-041A | 25383 | Nozomi | Mu-5 | Utinoura LP-M1 | Exploration of Mars; gravitational maneuvers around the moon | Acceleration Block Crash | December 9, 2003 passed by Mars | |
Comments
- β Official and other names of spaceships found in open publications
- β Launch range and launch complex, launch pad and launcher number (for launches from Russian landfills)
- β On October 13, 1959, a non-functioning satellite was used as a target in testing satellite weapons using the Bold Orion program.
- β In 1969, astronauts of the Apollo 12 mission visited Surveyor 3, removed about 10 kg of parts and delivered to Earth.
- β The first private and first telecommunications satellite to reach the orbit of the moon
Notes
Links
- Anatoly Zack Moon missions . RussianSpaceWeb (23 July 2019). Date of treatment September 4, 2019.
- Lunar probes of the USSR . "Space Encyclopedia ASTROnote." Date of treatment September 4, 2019.
- Khlynin S.P. All spacecraft launches to the moon 1958-1960 . Date of treatment September 4, 2019.
- Khlynin S.P. All spacecraft launches to the moon 1961-1970 . Date of treatment September 4, 2019.
- Khlynin S.P. All spacecraft launches to the moon 1971-1980 . Date of treatment September 4, 2019.
- Khlynin S.P. All spacecraft launches to the moon 1981-1990 . Date of treatment September 4, 2019.
- Khlynin S.P. All spacecraft launches to the moon 1991-2000 . Date of treatment September 4, 2019.
- Robert Christy. Luna - Exploring the Moon . Zarya.info. Date of treatment September 4, 2019.
- http://epizodyspace.ru/e2/tab/zap-als58-60.html
- http://epizodyspace.ru/e2/tab/zap-als61-70.html
- http://epizodyspace.ru/e2/tab/zap-als71-80.html
- http://epizodyspace.ru/e2/tab/zap-als81-90.html
- http://epizodyspace.ru/e2/tab/zap-als91-00.html
- http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Luna/Luna.php
Literature
- Don E. Wilhelms. Reference Material // To a Rocky Moon: A Geologist's History of Lunar Exploration . - Tucson & London: The University of Arizona Press, 1993. - S. 360β363. - 477 p. - ISBN 0-8165-1065-2 .
- Asif A. Siddiqi. Beyond Earth. A Chronicle of deep space exploration, 1958β2016 . - Washington: NASA History Division, 2018 .-- 372 p. - ISBN 978-1-62683-042-4 .
- Marov M. Ya., Huntress U. T. Soviet robots in the solar system. Technology and discovery. - 2nd ed. corrected and additional .. - M .: FIZMATLIT, 2018 .-- 616 p.