Mangalitsa

The light mangalitsa variety was derived from the older, hardy types of Hungarian pigs ( Bakonyi and Szalontai ), crossed with and Serbian breed (and later with others such as Serb. Alföldi ^[2] ) in Austria-Hungary (1833) ^[3] . In the same year, the prince of Serbia Milos Obrenovic sent 12 pigs of the autochthonous Serbian breed Shumadinka , of which ten pigs were sows , and two were boars , Archduke Joseph , the Palatine of Hungary , to create a new breed. Pigs, originally raised on Prince Topchider’s farm near Belgrade , were used to create the Syrian black lasa breed, also known as the black brazier ^[4] . Development took place in Austria-Hungary (the modern district of Arad in Romania ) at the beginning of the 19th century ^[3] . The new fast-growing fatty pig did not require much care, which made it very popular in Hungary.

The reformer of the Serbian language Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic called the breed Serb. mangalica , which he described as "a pig with a lot of fat" ^[5] .

In 1927, the National Society of Fatty Pig Breeders was established (National Association of Mangalica Breeders; Hungarian Mangalicatenyésztők Országos Egyesülete ) to improve the breed ^[3] . Mangalica was the most famous breed of pig in the region until 1950 (30,000 of them were in Hungary in 1943) ^[3] . Since then, the popularity, as well as the population of the mangalitsa, has been declining, as access to food is increasing from afar and in the refrigerator ^[6] .

In 1991, less than 200 mangalits remained in Hungary. Monte Nevado, a Spanish company, began to grow and restore brazier, and they were awarded the Hungarian Middle Cross in 2016 ^[7] . Currently, the content of the brazier has become a popular hobby ^[3] . In Hungary, just over 7,000 sows from the Mangalica tribe produce about 60,000 piglets per year ^{[8] [9]} .

In addition to Hungary, Mangalica is present in Austria, Canada ^{[10] [11]} , the Czech Republic, Germany, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland and the United States ^{[12] [13]} . In Serbia, the breed (which in Serbian is called the mangulica ) almost completely died out in the 1980s.

In 1998, the brazier was introduced in wetlands in . They are left free on the reservation, they become partially wild , and breeding cases with wild boars are known.

In the early 2010s, their number increased to 1,000 in Zasavitsa and in populations that were kept in individual households in Sirmiysky and Machevsky districts . Like the autochthonous Serbian breeds of domestic pigs, the ciska ( Serb. Šiška ) and the predecessor of the brazier Shumadinka ( Serb. Šumadinka ) became extinct. Mangalitsa is considered the only surviving autochthonous breed in Serbia ^[14] .

In March 2006, seventeen pigs were exported from Austria to the UK, where they are registered with the ^[15]

In 2007, some of them were exported to the United States ^{[16] [17] [18] [19]} .

Mangalitsa produces too little lean meat, so it is gradually replaced by modern domestic breeds. It is usually fed on mixed wild pastures with potatoes and pumpkins grown on a farm ^[3] .

In Hungary, most mangalitsa pigs are raised cleanly or semi-intensively .

Slaughter weight (for meat production), as a rule, is reached at the age of over 12 months ^[20] .

The main product made from this pig’s meat is sausage , usually packaged in a pig’s duodenum . Minced meat is seasoned with salt, pepper , sweet pepper and other spices. Dish eat sliced ​​with pickled vegetables. Pork is also served with stewed sauerkraut , potatoes and stuffed peppers as a side dish . Farmers also produce smoked ham ^[21] . Fresh meat has a strong and mellow taste; piglets are very preferred because of their good qualities of fresh meat ^[22] .

Currently, there are three varieties of brazier , differing only in color. These differences are too small to be considered as separate breeds. Three varieties of brazier : "blonde", "pot-bellied swallow" and "red". "Blonde" brazier - white; " Bellied swallow" (originally created by crossing a white brazier with an extinct black brazier ) ^[3] - has a lower body light, while the upper body is black; “Red” (produced by crossing a white brazier with a breed of salmon from the Hungarian. Szalonta ) ^[3] - has a red color. Other varieties (including “black”, “wolf” and “baris”) became extinct as purebred species, although their reconstruction from a breeding mixed variety is discussed in Hungary ^[3] .

• Pig breeding
• Landrace (breed of pigs)
• Mirgorod pig
• Reisorbek

1. ↑ Kohl, Wilhelm. The Mangalitsa Pig: Royalty is Coming to America / Wilhelm Kohl, Peter Toth. - United States : Book Publishing Hungary, 2014 .-- ISBN 6155417040 .
2. ↑ Interessensgemeinschaft der Wollschweinzüchter Österreichs (German) (unavailable link) . home.tele2.at. Archived on April 7, 2008.
3. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9} Dr. Radnóczi László. The Hungarian Mangalica ( unopened ) (link unavailable) . agroservice.hu. Archived February 10, 2012.
4. ↑ J. Slatinac, "Zbog mangulice u Zasavicu", Politika  
5. ↑ Em Servio (Ser . Em Servio ). "B92 - Life - Theory of Everything - The Return of Longhair Wild Animals . " "B92 - Život - Teorija o Svačemu - Povratak dugodlakih lutalica" (Serbian) ( HTML ) (unavailable link) . Archived August 25, 2010.
6. ↑ Salvan breed of pig-like Hungarian Iberian - translated article (neopr.) . translate.google.com
7. ↑ Hungría reconoce a Monte Nevado pors labor de recuperación de la raza Mangalica
8. ↑ Hungarian mangalica is introduced in the UK (Hungarian) ( HTML ). www.origo.hu . Date of treatment August 5, 2019.
9. ↑ Wirth Zsuzsanna. Megjelent a mangalica Angliában: megmentett hobbiállat vagy régi magyar fajta (Serbian) ( HTML ). www.origo.hu (January 31, 1999). Date accessed August 6, 2019.
10. ↑ Campbell, Twyla . Mangalitsa: The hairy pig makes its Alberta debut (English) , Eat North (February 14, 2017).
11. ↑ The Lilac Farm (Neopr.) . www.lilacfarm.ca . Date of appeal October 16, 2018.
12. ↑ Maiale Mangulica (Italian) ( HTML ). www.fondazioneslowfood.com . - Fondazione Slow Food. Date of treatment August 5, 2019.
13. ↑ American Mangalitsa Association , American Mangalitsa Association (23 July 2018).
14. ↑ Dragica Bajić. Mangulica, dabar i lokvanji (Serb.) ( HTML ). Politika (04.29.2008). - Page 41. Date of treatment August 5, 2019.
15. ↑ Rare pigs are mistaken for sheep , BBC News (April 19, 2010).
16. ↑ An Old Breed of Hungarian Pig Is Back in Favor , New York Times (March 26, 2009).
17. ↑ Meet the Mangalitsa, the Hairy Pig That's the Kobe Beef of Pork , (March 14, 2014).
18. ↑ Is Mangalitsa the next 'it' pig? , Seattle Times (January 8, 2011).
19. ↑ Gentleman Pig Farmer , Barron's (14 September 2013).
20. ↑ Sanders, Michael S .. An Old Breed of Hungarian Pig Is Back in Favor , The New York Times (April 1, 2009).
21. ↑ The Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity (Neopr.) (Unavailable link) . fondazioneslowfood.it. Archived August 3, 2008.
22. ↑ Livestock Breeds - Switzerland . English Breeds of Livestock - Switzerland (English) ( HTML ) . www.ansi.okstate.edu . ansi.okstate.edu . Date accessed August 6, 2019.

• Sanders, Michael S. "An Old Breed of Hungarian Pig Is Back in Favor" , The New York Times , Wednesday, April 1, 2009.
• Curlypigs
• Breeding stock in us
• Dr. Radnóczi László. "The Hungarian Mangalica"
• The Mangalitsa Pig: Royalty is Coming to America