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Investigation of Special Prosecutor Mueller

Investigation of the Special Prosecutor - An investigation into Russian interference with elections in the United States in 2016 and the existence of suspicious ties between Trump's associates and Russian officials , conducted by Special Prosecutor Robert Muller from May 2017 to March 2019. He was also called the Russian investigation and the Mueller investigation . [1] [2] Since July 2016, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has secretly investigated the activities of Russian operatives and members of the Trump presidential campaign , code-named " Crossfire Hurricane ." [3] In May 2017, President Donald Trump dismissed FBI Director James Komi for insufficiently handling communications between Hillary Clinton and Russia. Within eight days, after a call to action by democratic lawmakers and the publication of Komi's transcripts of his conversations with D. Trump, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointed Müller, the former FBI Director, as special prosecutor to continue the FBI investigation. [4] According to the act of appointment, [5] the scope of the investigation included allegations of “connections and / or coordination” between the Russian government and persons associated with the Trump campaign, [6] [7] as well as any other issues that may arise during investigation. There was also a criminal part to the investigation, which examined potential allegations of obstruction of justice against Trump and members of his campaign or his administration. [eight]

In total, Mueller investigators indicted thirty-four individuals and three companies. Eight of them pleaded guilty or were convicted of criminal offenses , including five Trump associates and campaign officials. None of these five convictions “included a conspiracy between the election campaign and the Russians” [9] and “Mueller did not accuse or offer charges of [...] whether the Trump campaign worked with the Russians to influence the election.” [10] The investigation was, however, more comprehensive. At a press conference on May 29, 2019, Muller stated that “if we had confidence that the president had clearly not committed a crime, we would have said so. However, we did not determine whether the president committed a crime ... The president cannot be charged with a federal crime while he is at his post. This is unconstitutional. Even if the accusation is kept under the stamp "secret" and hidden from prying eyes - it is still prohibited. " [11]

Lieutenant General Michael Flynn , who was appointed National Security Advisor to the new Trump administration, was convicted of making false statements to FBI investigators about his conversations with Russian ambassador Sergei Kislyak during a transit of power, and was dismissed from his post. [12] [13] Former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort was convicted of eight felonies related to tax evasion and bank fraud [14] in connection with his previous lobbying activities for the benefit of the Party of Regions of former President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych . [15] [16] He later pleaded guilty to a state-wide conspiracy and obstruction of justice; [17] [18] In total, he was sentenced to more than seven years in prison. [19] In February 2018, the Mueller team indicted thirteen Russian citizens and three Russian organizations, including the Internet Research Agency (IRA), for campaigning on social networks about the American election, [20] and twelve members of the GRU Russian cyber espionage group known as the Fancy Bear , for hacking and leaking emails to the central organ of the Democratic Party. [21] In June 2018, Konstantin Kilimnik , a business partner of Manafort in Ukraine, was charged with rigging witnesses at the direction of Manafort; [22] Kilimnik is suspected of working for Russian intelligence . [23] Trump's personal lawyer Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to secret payments to Stormy Daniels and Karen McDougal in violation of campaign finance laws , and was convicted of several unrelated charges of banking and tax fraud. [24] [25] Campaign Advisor George Papadopoulos was convicted of falsifying the FBI. [26] Maria Butina , a lobbyist for Russian weapons, was interrogated by investigators from the special prosecutor, then prosecuted by the National Security Unit and imprisoned for espionage. [27] [28] Trump's longtime adviser, Roger Stone , who met with a Russian person offering to sell derogatory financial information about Hillary Clinton , [29] was charged on seven counts and pleaded not guilty. [30] Dozens of ongoing investigations, originally conducted by the office of the special prosecutor, were sent to district and state prosecutors, other departments of the Ministry of Justice (MOJ), and other federal agencies. [31]

The investigation was officially completed on March 22, 2019, with a Mueller report submitted to Attorney General William Barr . [32] Barr was critical of the investigation, even before he became attorney general. An edited version of the report was released to the public on April 18, 2019. The report concluded that there were two forms of Russian intervention that “violated US criminal law.” [33] [34] First, the IRA social media campaign supported Trump's presidency by attacking Clinton. [35] [36] [37] Secondly, Russian intelligence hacked and released the destructive materials of the Clinton campaign and various organizations of the Democratic Party . [38] [39] [40] The investigation “revealed numerous ties between the Russian government and the Trump campaign” and determined that Trump’s headquarters “expected him to win the election” thanks to Russian hacking efforts. However, in the end, “the investigation did not establish that members of Trump’s campaign headquarters had conspired with or coordinated their activities with the Russian government to interfere in the elections.” [41] [42] [43] The evidence was not complete due to encrypted, deleted or unsaved messages, as well as false, incomplete or rejected testimonies. [44] [45] Muller later said that the conclusion of the investigation into Russian intervention “deserves the attention of every American.” [46]

On the potential obstruction of justice by President Trump, the investigation “did not conclude that the president committed a crime,” [36] since investigators will not accuse the incumbent in accordance with the opinion of the Office of the Legal Counsel (OLC) and will not accuse him of a crime when he cannot justify himself in court. [47] [48] However, the investigation “also does not justify” Trump, identifying both public and private actions of the “president, which could have unlawful influence on law enforcement investigations." [49] Ten episodes of potential obstruction by the president have been described. [50] [51] The report states that Congress must decide whether Trump obstructed justice, [52] and has the right to take action against him. [53] [54] [55] Attorney General Barr and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein , who authorized the Mueller probe, decided on March 24, 2019 that there was insufficient evidence to establish a hindrance to justice. [56] After his resignation on May 29, 2019, Muller stated that: “The constitution requires a process other than the criminal justice system to formally accuse the incumbent of committing offenses.” [57] [58] [46] In July 2019, Muller testified to Congress that the president could be charged with obstruction of justice (or other crimes) after leaving office. [59]

Original Statements on Russia's Participation in the Election

The first public statement by the U.S. government on Russian efforts to influence the 2016 elections was made in a joint statement on September 22, 2016 by Senator Dianne Feinstein and Rep. Adam Schiff , Senate Democrats and House Intelligence Committees, respectively. [60] [61] The US intelligence community issued a similar statement fifteen days later. [62] [63]

In January 2017, an assessment of the office of the Director of National Intelligence , headed by Obama's appointee James Clapper , was published , stating that the Russian leadership preferred presidential candidate Donald Trump to rival candidate Hillary Clinton , adding that Russian President Vladimir Putin personally ordered a “campaign of influence” to damage Clinton’s electoral chances and “undermine public confidence in the US democratic process.” [64] It has been argued that the Russian government intervened in the 2016 presidential election , supporting the candidacy of Trump, Bernie Sanders , and Jill Stein to increase political instability in the United States, as well as harm the Clinton presidential campaign . [65] [66]

Start of investigation and authority

When a special prosecutor was appointed by Rod Rosenstein in May 2017, Robert Muller took over the existing Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) counterintelligence investigation into what appeared to be Russian interference in the United States election in 2016 and the numerous secret connections between Trump's comrades and Russian officials . [67] Australian officials reportedly told US officials that in May 2016, Presidential Advisor to George Trump George Papadopoulos told the Australian High Commissioner in the United Kingdom, Alexander Downer , that Russian officials had politically harmful information regarding Hillary Clinton , a rival to Presidential candidate Trump from the Democratic Party. Since the FBI, in response to this information, opened an investigation into the relationship between Trump's comrades-in-arms and Russian officials on July 31, 2016, the meeting between Papadopoulos and Downer is considered a “spark” that led to Mueller’s investigation. [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] In February 2018, in the Nunes memo (letter written by assistants to Devin Nunez), for US Rep, Devin Nunez , was described that the information about Papadopoulos “triggered the discovery” of the original FBI investigation [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] , and not the Trump-Russia dossier , as Trump and Nunez claimed in particular Fox News presenters Steve Doochi, Ed Henry, Tucker Carlson, Sean Hannity and Fox News contributor Andrew McCarthy. [83] [84] [85]

The Special Prosecutor also took over the FBI’s investigation into whether President Trump has obstructed justice , which began eight days after Trump fired FBI Director James Komi . CNN reported in December 2018 that then-FBI Director Andrew McCabe had begun investigating the reasons for Komi’s dismissal, following Rosenstein’s written recommendations about what came to be known as the “Comey memo,” as well as Komi’s allegations that Trump had asked him to close the investigation into Trump's former national security adviser Michael Flynn. [4] In February 2019, McCabe, who was dismissed from the FBI, confirmed that he had obstructed investigations for these reasons, and told interesting facts, such as Trump's numerous descriptions of investigations against Trump and Russia’s partners as a “witch hunt,” in addition to Trump allegedly told Deputy Prosecutor General Rod Rosenstein to mention the Russian trace in Rosenstein’s note to dismiss Komi, and mention Trump’s comments to the Russian ambassador and NBC regarding the dismissal of Komi in connection with the Russian trail. [86]

Appointment and initial supervision

The investigation by the special prosecutor was subject to oversight by the Attorney General. [87] After questions arose about contacts between then Senator Jeff Sessions and Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak in 2016, one of the first actions Sessions did after being appointed Prosecutor General was to withdraw from any investigation by the Ministry of Justice regarding Russian interference in the election . [88]

After the Attorney General's Sessions rejected, the oversight of any Russian 2016 election investigation fell to Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointed by Trump. As part of his oversight, Rosenstein appointed Robert Müller as Special Advisor in May 2017 with the mandate to “monitor the previously confirmed FBI investigation of the Russian government’s efforts to influence the 2016 presidential election and related issues.” [89]

Rosenstein said that he would give up supervision of Muller if he himself became the subject of an investigation because of his role in the dismissal of Komi. [90] If Rosenstein had recused himself, his duties in this matter would have been assumed by the Third Deputy Minister of Justice, Assistant Attorney General Jesse Panuccio . [91] Until the successor assumes the position, Solicitor General Noel Francisco will take over the duties of the Assistant Attorney General. [92]

Reasons for the appointment of a special prosecutor

James Komi Dismissal

The appointment of a special prosecutor on May 17, 2017 came after protests, mainly from Democrats, about the fact that President Trump fired FBI Director James Komi on May 9, 2017. [93] [94] In Congress, in response to Komi’s dismissal, more than 130 democratic lawmakers called for the appointment of a special prosecutor, more than 80 democratic lawmakers called for an independent investigation, while more than 40 republican lawmakers expressed questions or concerns. [95] Another factor for appointing a special prosecutor was the change in Trump’s motives for dismissal, in some of them he seemed to imply that he had fired Komi due to a Russian investigation. [96] In addition, in an attempt to spur the appointment of a special prosecutor, Komi organized a press leak in which he claimed that Trump had asked him to complete the investigation into Michael Flynn. [97]

If initially there was a letter of termination of authority and initial statements by several administration officials that Trump fired Komi solely on the recommendations of Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, then several other reasons were discovered. Some cited Rosenstein’s note and Komi’s subsequent allegation that Trump had asked Komi to abandon the FBI’s investigation into Michael Flynn, a former national security adviser. [98]

According to the “four Congressional officials,” the dismissal occurred just a few days after Komi requested additional resources to step up an investigation into Russia's interference in the election (the Justice Department denied that such a request was made). [99] [100] 9 мая, за несколько часов до увольнения, было обнаружено, что федеральные прокуроры выпустили повестки в суд большого жюри для контрагентов Флинна, что представляет собой значительную эскалацию расследования ФБР о российском вмешательстве. [101] [102]

В интервью NBC News Трамп заявил, что, когда он решил уволить Коми, "я сказал себе:" вы знаете, эта Россия с Трампом и Россией-это придуманная история." [103] Во время встречи 10 мая в Овальном кабинете с министром иностранных дел России Сергеем Лавровым и послом России Сергеем Кисляком Трамп якобы сказал российским чиновникам: "я только что уволил главу ФБР. Он был сумасшедшим, настоящим психом ... Я столкнулся с большим давлением из-за России. Это снято ... Я не под следствием." [104] [105]

Призывы к специальному прокурору "усилились" после увольнения Коми, согласно Washington Post , [106] и Мюллер был назначен через восемь дней после увольнения. [107] Назначение Мюллера ознаменовало "уступку администрации Трампа демократическим требованиям" для расследования, которое будет проводиться независимо от Министерства юстиции, согласно Washington Post. [106]

The New York Times сообщала 11 января 2019 года, что контрразведка ФБР обеспокоилась связями Трампа с Россией во время кампании 2016 года, но отложила начало расследования из-за неопределенности в том, как действовать по такому чувствительному вопросу. Поведение Трампа в течение нескольких дней непосредственно до и после увольнения Коми заставило их начать расследование того, работал ли Трамп от имени России против интересов США, сознательно или бессознательно. ФБР объединило данное контрразведывательное расследование с уголовным расследованием препятствования правосудию, связанным с увольнением Коми. Мюллер взял на себя это расследование после своего назначения, хотя не сразу стало ясно, занимался ли он контрразведкой. [108]

Компетенции

Заместитель генерального прокурора Род Розенштейн, в своей роли исполняющего обязанности генерального прокурора по вопросам, связанным с кампанией из-за отвода Генерального прокурора Джеффа Сешнса , назначил Мюллера, бывшего директора ФБР, в качестве специального советника Министерства юстиции США (DOJ) с полномочиями расследовать вмешательство России в выборы в США в 2016 году, включая изучение любых связей или координации между президентской кампанией Трампа в 2016 году и российским правительством; "любые вопросы, которые возникли или могут возникнуть непосредственно из расследования"; и любые другие вопросы в рамках 28 CFR § 600.4 (a). [109]

Как специальный прокурор, Мюллер имел право выдавать повестки в суд, [110] нанимать сотрудников, запрашивать финансирование и преследовать федеральные преступления в связи с вмешательством в выборы наряду с другими преступлениями, которые он может раскрыть. [111] Конституционность обвинения действующего президента остаётся нерешенным юридическим вопросом. [112] [113] [114] [115]

Публикация результатов расследования

Закон "О специальном прокуроре" требует, чтобы специальный прокурор конфиденциально представлял действующему генеральному прокурору доклад о результатах расследования. Генеральный прокурор, в данном случае Уильям Барр , затем должен представить резюме выводов Конгрессу, хотя он имеет право на значительную сдержанность в том, насколько подробно он предоставляет. Полное обнародование выводов Мюллера Конгрессу и общественности не гарантировано. [116] Если Конгресс будет недоволен представленным резюме, он может вызвать в суд полный отчет Мюллера и, при необходимости, подать иск в федеральный суд. Конгресс также может вызвать Мюллера для дачи показаний. [117] [118]

Адвокаты Белого дома ожидают предварительного просмотра любых выводов, которые Барр решит предоставить Конгрессу и общественности, чтобы рассмотреть вопрос о предоставлении исполнительной власти привилегии воздерживаться от публикации информации, полученной из внутренних документов и интервью с официальными лицами Белого дома. [119] Комментаторы отметили, что исполнительная привилегия не может быть использована, если цель состоит в том, чтобы защитить проступок или незаконное поведение. [120] [121]

14 марта 2019 года палата проголосовала за 420-0 в пользу необязательной резолюции , призывающей к тому, чтобы полный отчет специального адвоката был предоставлен Конгрессу и общественности, исключая секретную информацию или информацию большого жюри. [122] В тот же день законопроект был предоставлен в Сенат для единогласного голосования, но был заблокирован сенатором Линдси Грэмом , который сказал, что ему нужен пункт, требующий назначения специального прокурора для расследования обвинений против кампании Клинтон в 2016 году. [123] 15 марта Трамп заявил, что "не должно быть никакого отчета Мюллера", потому что "это было незаконное и противоречивое расследование." Пять дней спустя он заявил: Я сказал Палате представителей: "Если вы хотите, пусть [общественность] увидит это", - добавив: "Это зависит от генерального прокурора." [124] [125] 25 марта 2019 года лидер большинства в Сенате Митч Макконнелл заблокировал попытку лидера меньшинства в Сенате Чака Шумера принять ту же резолюцию, одобренную палатой одиннадцатью днями ранее. [126]

Специальный прокурор представил свой доклад Генеральному прокурору Барру 22 марта 2019 года. [127] Через два дня, 24 марта, Барр направил Конгрессу четырехстраничное письмо с изложением выводов о вмешательстве России в президентские выборы 2016 года и препятствовании правосудию. [6]

Барр сказал, что доклад будет представлен Конгрессу к середине апреля, с некоторыми редакциями любой информации, которая будет "потенциально компрометировать источники и методы или необоснованно ущемлять личную конфиденциальность и репутационные интересы периферийных третьих сторон". [128] Двухтомная отредактированная версия полного отчета была публично выпущена 18 апреля 2019 года. [129] Менее отредактированный вариант доклада в конечном итоге будет представлен ограниченному числу членов Конгресса. [130] [131]

Большое жюри

3 августа 2017 года Мюллер возглавил большое жюри в Вашингтоне, округ Колумбия, в рамках своего расследования. Большое жюри имеет право вызывать в суд документы, требовать от свидетелей давать показания под присягой и выносить обвинительные заключения по уголовным обвинениям, если будет найдена вероятная причина .

Вашингтонское большое жюри отделено от более раннего Виргинского большого жюри, расследующего дело Майкла Флинна; дело Флинна было поглощено общим расследованием Мюллера. [132]

Показания большого жюри

Большое жюри предъявило повестки тем, кто участвовал в собрании в Trump Tower , состоявшемся 9 июня 2016 года в Trump Tower, где также находился штаб президентской кампании Трампа. [133]

Ринат Ахметшин , лоббист российского происхождения и бывший офицер Советской Армии , участник встречи Дональда Трампа-младшего , дал показания под присягой в течение нескольких часов 11 августа 2017 года. [134] [135]

Джейсон Малони, пресс-секретарь Пола Манафорта , давал показания под присягой более двух часов 15 сентября 2017 года. [136] Малони был нанят Манафортом после пяти месяцев, когда он служил председателем президентской кампании Трампа в 2016 году, чтобы ответить на вопросы об участии Манафорта в кампании Трампа.

Сэм Кловис дал показания в течение недели 23 августа 2017 года. [137]

Картер Пейдж дал показания в октябре 2017. [138]

Джордж Надер , ливано-американский бизнесмен, который консультирует наследного принца ОАЭ Мухаммеда бен Заида Аль-Нахайяна , дал показания в течение недели, предшествующей 5 марта 2018 года. [139]

NBC News reported on August 25, 2017 that “in recent days,” a grand jury has brought to court witness testimonies of six public relations firms who worked with Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort to lobby efforts in Ukraine. [140]

On January 16, 2018, The New York Times reported that Steve Bannon had been summoned by Mueller to testify before a standing grand jury in Washington, DC. [141] Reuters and CNN reported the next day that Bannon had made a deal with Mueller’s team to be interviewed by prosecutors instead of testifying before the Grand Jury. [142] [143] On February 15, 2018, several sources reported that these interviews took place over several days this week. [144] [145] [146] TMZ reports that Christine M. Davis , the "Manhattan Madame" who had previously worked for Roger Stone, was summoned in June 2018. [147] On August 10, 2018, a federal judge found Stone's former assistant, Andrew Miller, guilty of contempt of court for refusing to testify before the Grand Jury. [148] In addition, on the same day, Mueller’s investigation brought to court Randy Credico , whom Stone called his “channel of communication” with Julian Assange. [149] The Wall Street Journal reported on November 14, 2018 that Muller’s investigators were investigating whether Stone was faking witnesses, intimidating Credico in support of his allegations. [150]

Jerome Corsi , the former head of the Washington-based Infowars bureau, was called to court on September 7, 2018, before the Mueller Grand Jury. Corsi's lawyer said he expected his client to be asked about his connection with Roger Stone, who seemed to know in advance that WikiLeaks would release negative information about the Clinton campaign. [151]

Law Team

The investigation involved several legal groups, in particular lawyers controlled by special lawyer Robert Muller , who is involved in the investigation; the team defending President Trump in his personal capacity; and a team representing the White House as an institution separate from the president .

According to CNN, as of August 2018, the prosecution team includes 15 lawyers, led by Muller [152] and additional support staff of more than 30 people. There were several reports of leaving the Mueller team. [153]

The defense has two components: Emmett Flood , representing the White House, [154] and the team representing Trump personally, including Jay Seculov , Andrew Ikonoma , Rudy Giuliani , Raskin & Raskin law firm and Joanna Hendon . Former members of the defense team include white-collar crime expert John Dowd [155] and Ty Cobb , representing the president’s office. [156]

Muller’s legal team has been consistently criticized as biased against President Trump, who once called the team “13 Angry Democrats.” [157] [158] [159] [160] However, Müller himself is a registered Republican, and the choice to hire or not to hire professional lawyers on the basis of political affiliation is contrary to both the policy of the Ministry of Justice and federal law. [161]

Supervisory Change

Whitaker's Parish

As Mueller’s investigation evolved, Trump repeatedly expressed his anger at the decision of the Attorney General Sessions to recuse himself. [162] In July 2017, Trump said the Sessions had to inform him of the impending challenge, before Trump appointed him, then he would appoint someone else to the post of Attorney General. [163] In May 2018, Trump said that he would have been better off appointing someone else, rather than Sessions, as the attorney general. [164] In August 2018, Trump stated that the Sessions work was safe, at least until the midterm elections of 2018 in the United States . [165] Sessions resigned from the post of Attorney General on November 7, 2018, the day after the midterm elections, writing that he had resigned at the request of Trump. [166] [167]

With the resignation of Sessions, Trump appointed Matthew Whitaker , head of the Sessions headquarters, as Acting Attorney General on November 7, 2018. [168] This meant that Whitaker took over Müller’s investigation from Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein. [169] [170]

Earlier in August 2017, a month before joining the Department of Justice as Chief of Staff of the Sessions, Whitaker wrote an opinion column for CNN titled "Mueller's investigation against Trump goes too far." [171] He stated that Mueller’s investigation was “lynching,” that he should be limited and should not probe Trump’s finances. [172] [173] Whitaker also claimed in 2017 that the Trump Tower meeting was neither wrong nor evidence of collusion. [174] The New York Times reported that White House aides and other people close to Trump expected Whitaker to "curb" the investigation. [175]

Whitaker, a Trump loyalist whom the White House administration chief John Kelly described as the “eyes and ears” of the west wing in the Department of Justice, [176] publicly criticized Mueller’s investigation several times before joining the Department of Justice in September 2017, claiming that it "went too far" and referring to him as the "Lynch crowd." [177] Whitaker is also a personal friend of Sam Clovis , [178] a former campaign co-chair of Trump, who testified to investigators Muller and the Grand Jury. Due to his previous statements and participation, [179] many Democrats and some Republicans have argued that potential conflicts of interest for Whitaker require him to recuse from monitoring Muller, [180] [181] although Whitaker reportedly indicated that he was not going to do it. [182] Ethics Justice Department officials typically consider conflicts of interest to recommend challenges, [183] [184] [185] but their findings are not binding and generally remain confidential.

Barra Parish

On December 7, 2018, President Trump announced that he would nominate William Barr to the vacant post of Attorney General. Barr previously served as Attorney General under President George W. Bush . [186]

During the January 2019 hearing, Barr suggested that the findings of the investigation might be hidden from the public, as disclosure is not required by law. In June 2018, Barr sent an unsolicited 19-page note to Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and Trump's lawyers, arguing that Trump's approach to the potential obstruction of justice was “fatally misunderstood” and that, based on his knowledge, Trump’s actions were within his presidential powers. [187] In June 2017, Barr described the investigation of the obstruction as "donkey" and that it "takes the form of a political operation to overthrow the president." Trump said in an interview in February 2019 that he did not commit himself to release Mueller's report. [188] [189] [190]

On February 14, 2019, Barr was sworn in as Attorney General after the Senate approved his appointment by a vote of 54-45 that day [191] [192] , thus gaining control of the Mueller investigation from Whitaker. [193]

Item

Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein , Acting Attorney General for the challenge of Attorney General Jeff Sessions , authorized Müller to investigate and prosecute “any communications and / or coordination between the Russian government and those associated with President Donald Trump’s campaign,” as well as "any questions that have arisen or may arise directly from the investigation" and any other questions under 28 CFR 600.4 - jurisdiction. [194] [5]

Russian Intervention in Elections

At the end of July 2016, the FBI opened counterintelligence investigations against four Americans who had contact with Trump to determine if they could coordinate actions or cooperate with Russia. [195] [196] [197] These investigations became part of the portfolio of the special prosecutor. [198]

In January 2017, US intelligence agencies came to a “high degree of certainty” that the Russian government interfered in the election by hacking the computer servers of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and Clinton ’s personal chairman Gmail account John Podesta and sending their contents to WikiLeaks , [ 199] [200] [201] as well as by spreading fake news promoted on social networks [202] and by penetrating or trying to penetrate election systems and databases of several states. [203] De Volkskrant reported on January 25, 2018 that Dutch AIVD intelligence broke into Cozy Bear’s Russian hacker group in 2014 and, in 2015, watched them crack real-time DNC and capture hacker images using a security camera in your workspace. [204] [205] The New York Times reported July 18, 2018 that U.S., British, and Dutch intelligence agencies observed stolen DNC emails on Russian military intelligence networks. [206] NBC News reported on March 1, 2018 that it was Muller who collected the materials to institute criminal proceedings against Russians who had hacked and leaked information. [207] These charges were brought on July 13, 2018. [21]

Russia's influence on American voters through social networks is the main focus of Mueller’s investigation. [208] Muller used a search warrant to obtain detailed information on Russian purchases on Facebook. According to a former federal attorney, a warrant means that the attorney was convinced that foreigners illegally contributed to influencing US elections through Facebook ads . [209]

On February 13, 2018, in their testimonies to the Senate Intelligence Committee, the leaders of six leading US intelligence agencies unanimously confirmed Russia's intervention. Three sources familiar with Trump's thinking told CNN that he was still not convinced that Russia had intervened because it suggested that he did not win the election solely on his own merits. [210]

During a July 16, 2018 press conference at the 2018 Russia-US Summit in Helsinki , Finland, President Putin was asked: “Would you like President Trump to win the election, did you send any of your officials to help him do this?” ? "Putin replied:" Yes, I did. Yes, that is so. Because he spoke of the return of Russian-American relations to normal. " [211]

Muller in the report concluded that although there was no evidence that Trump’s campaign was coordinated with Russia to influence the election, the Russian government tried to influence the election in favor of Trump by breaking into democratic political organizations and spreading “misinformation through social networks” . [212]

Relations between Trump's Companions and Russian Officials

Back in the spring of 2015, US intelligence agencies began to listen to conversations in which Russian government officials, some in the Kremlin, were discussing Trump's associates, then the presidential candidate. [213] [214]

The New York Times reported on February 14, 2017, that telephone recordings and interceptions of messages revealed that Trump's associates, including Trump campaigners, had “repeated contacts” with senior Russian intelligence agents during the 2016 campaign. Paul Manafort was Trump's only assistant who was precisely identified as participating in these reports. [215] In addition, several Trump partners, including Kushner, Trump Jr., Sessions, Flynn and Manafort, had direct contacts with Russian officials during 2016. Michael Flynn was forced to resign as National Security Advisor on February 13, 2017, after it turned out that December 29, 2016, the day Obama announced sanctions against Russia, Flynn discussed sanctions with the Russian ambassador Kislyak. Flynn previously admitted that he spoke with Kislyak, but denied the discussion of sanctions. [216] [217] Also in December 2016, Flynn and presidential adviser Jared Kushner met with Kislyak, hoping to establish a direct, secure line of communication with Russian officials, which the US intelligence agencies would not be aware of. [218] [219] Jared Kushner also met with Sergei Gorkov , head of the Russian State Bank Vnesheconombank (VEB), which has been under American economic sanctions since July 2014. [220] [221] Flynn and Kouchner did not report these meetings in their forms of security clearance. [221] [222]

Notes

  1. ↑ Panetta, Grace. Here's how a grand jury works and why the government shutdown is affecting the grand juries in the Mueller investigation. (unspecified) . Business Insider (January 23, 2019).
  2. ↑ Wolfe, Amelia Thomson-DeVeaux and Julia. Is The Russia Investigation Really Another Watergate? (unspecified) . FiveThirtyEight (March 7, 2019).
  3. ↑ Apuzzo, Matt; Goldman, Adam; Fandos, Nicholas. Code Name Crossfire Hurricane: The Secret Origins of the Trump Investigation (Neopr.) . The New York Times (May 16, 2018).
  4. ↑ 1 2 Brown, Pamela; Herb, Jeremy. The frantic scramble before Mueller got the job // CNN. - 2018 .-- December 7.
  5. ↑ 1 2 Rosenstein, Rod J. Order No. 3915-2017: Appointment of Special Counsel to Investigate Russian Interference with the 2016 Presidential Election and Related Matters (Neopr.) . Office of the Deputy Attorney General . United States Department of Justice (May 17, 2017). Archived August 7, 2018.
  6. ↑ 1 2 Mazzetti, Mark; Benner, Katie. Mueller Finds No Trump-Russia Conspiracy but Stops Short of Exonerating President on Obstruction of Justice // The New York Times. - 2019. - March 24.
  7. ↑ Budryk, Zack. Trump Jr .: 'Collusion truthers' need to be 'held accountable' after Mueller report " // The Hill. - 2019. - March 24.
  8. ↑ Strohm, Chris; Pettypiece, Shannon. Mueller Weighs Putting Off Trump Obstruction Decision // Bloomberg News. - 2018 .-- March 12. Archived on September 5, 2018.
  9. ↑ Jansen, Bart; Vanden Brook, ToM; Johnson, Kevin; Cummings, William. Mueller's investigation is done. Here are the 34 people he indicted along the way // USA Today. - 2019. - March 25.
  10. ↑ Beckwith, Ryan Teague. Here Are All of the Indictments, Guilty Pleas and Convictions From Robert Mueller's Investigation // Time. - 2019 .-- March 24.
  11. ↑ Smith, David . Robert Mueller breaks silence to insist he did not exonerate Trump , The Guardian (May 29, 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  12. ↑ Official: Flynn discussed sanctions with Russians before taking office . NBC News. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  13. ↑ Shear, Michael D .. Michael Flynn Pleads Guilty to Lying to the FBI and Will Cooperate With Russia Inquiry , The New York Times (December 1, 2017). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  14. ↑ LaFraniere, Sharon . Paul Manafort, Trump's Former Campaign Chairman, Guilty of 8 Counts , The New York Times (August 21, 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  15. ↑ What did ex-Trump aide Paul Manafort really do in Ukraine? (eng.) . NBC News. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  16. ↑ Michael Bociurkiw. Paul Manafort's work for Ukraine fit neatly with Putin's agenda (neopr.) . CNN Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  17. ↑ Cristina Maza On 9/14/18 at 12:09 PM EDT. Paul Manafort's guilty plea reveals details of foreign influence on campaign chairman . Newsweek (September 14, 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  18. ↑ Katelyn Polantz CNN. Paul Manafort pleads guilty and agrees to cooperate with Mueller investigation (neopr.) . CNN Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  19. ↑ Bloomberg - Are you a robot? (unspecified) . www.bloomberg.com. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  20. ↑ Apuzzo, Matt . 13 Russians Indicted as Mueller Reveals Effort to Aid Trump Campaign , The New York Times (February 16, 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  21. ↑ 1 2 Mazzetti, Mark . 12 Russian Agents Indicted in Mueller Investigation , The New York Times (July 13, 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  22. ↑ Vogel, Kenneth P .. Mueller Adds Obstruction Charge on Manafort and Indicts His Right-Hand Man , The New York Times (June 8, 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  23. ↑ Judge fixates on Manafort's relationship with suspected Russian intelligence operative . Axios. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  24. ↑ All Evidence Points to Campaign Finance Crimes By President Trump (English ) ? . Just Security (December 13, 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  25. ↑ Trump Still Faces More Than a Dozen Investigations . Time Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  26. ↑ Apuzzo, Matt . FBI Raids Office of Trump's Longtime Lawyer Michael Cohen; Trump Calls It 'Disgraceful' , The New York Times (April 9, 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  27. ↑ Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019) (English) // Wikipedia. - 2019-07-29.
  28. ↑ Julia Arciga. Maria Butina Was Questioned by Special Counsel Robert Mueller's Team: CNN The Daily Beast (March 27, 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  29. ↑ Jacob Ogles. Mueller report: Roger Stone met with Russian selling dirt on Hillary Clinton (English ) ? . Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  30. ↑ Mazzetti, Mark . Indicating Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks , The New York Times (January 25, 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  31. ↑ Madeleine Carlisle, Olivia Paschal. After Mueller: The Ongoing Investigations Surrounding Trump (English ) ? . The Atlantic (March 22, 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  32. ↑ Kevin Breuninger. MUELLER PROBE ENDS: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr . CNBC (March 22, 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  33. ↑ Redacted Mueller Report Released; Congress, Trump React . NPR.org Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  34. ↑ Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019) (English) // Wikipedia. - 2019-07-29.
  35. ↑ Mueller Report, vol. I, p. 4 . - The Internet Research Agency (IRA) carried out the earliest Russian interference operations identified by the investigation – a social media campaign designed to provoke and amplify political and social discord in the United States [...] The campaign evolved from a generalized program designed in 2014 and 2015 to undermine the US electoral system, to a targeted operation that by early 2016 favored candidate Trump and disparaged candidate Clinton.
  36. ↑ 1 2 Main points of Mueller report | AFP.com ( unspecified ) . web.archive.org (April 20, 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  37. ↑ Newcomer, Eric. Mueller's Reminder That Silicon Valley Isn't Ready for the Next Election // Bloomberg LP. - 2019. - April 19.
  38. ↑ James Risen, Robert Mackey, Trevor Aaronson. Annotating Special Counsel Robert Mueller's Redacted Report ( unspecified ) ? . The Intercept (April 18, 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  39. ↑ Mueller says Russian GRU stole Clinton, DNC emails and gave them to WikiLeaks . Washington Examiner (April 18, 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  40. ↑ Mueller Report, vol. I, p. 4 . - At the same time that the IRA operation began to focus on supporting candidate Trump in early 2016, the Russian government employed a second form of interference: cyber intrusions (hacking) and releases of hacked materials damaging to the Clinton Campaign. The Russian intelligence service known as the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Army (GRU) carried out these operations. In March 2016, the GRU began hacking the email accounts of Clinton Campaign volunteers and employees, including campaign chairman John Podesta. In April 2016, the GRU hacked into the computer networks of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the Democratic National Committee (DNC). The GRU stole hundreds of thousands of documents from the compromised email accounts and networks. Around the time that the DNC announced in mid-June 2016 the Russian government's role in hacking its network, the GRU began disseminating stolen materials through the fictitious online personas "DCLeaks" and "Guccifer 2.0." The GRU later released additional materials through the organization WikiLeaks ..
  41. ↑ The Boston Globe, Rebecca Ostriker, Jim Puzzanghera, Martin Finucane, Saurabh Datar, Irfan Uraizee, and Patrick Garvin. What the Mueller report says about Trump and more (англ.) . BostonGlobe.com. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  42. ↑ Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report (англ.) . Time. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  43. ↑ Mueller Report, vol. II, p.2 . — Fourth, if we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the President clearly did not commit obstruction of justice, we would so state. Based on the facts and the applicable legal standards, however, we are unable to reach that judgment. The evidence we obtained about the President's actions and intent presents difficult issues that prevent us from conclusively determining that no criminal conduct occurred. Accordingly, while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him..
  44. ↑ Politico Magazine. The Surprises in the Mueller Report (англ.) . POLITICO Magazine. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  45. ↑ Jason Lemon On 4/18/19 at 12:45 PM EDT. Trump campaign figures deleted communications before Mueller could see them, potentially altering report (англ.) . Newsweek (18 April 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  46. ↑ 1 2 LaFraniere, Sharon . Mueller, in First Comments on Russia Inquiry, Declines to Clear Trump , The New York Times (29 мая 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  47. ↑ Chad Day, Jessica Gresko. How Mueller made his no-call on Trump and obstruction (неопр.) . AP NEWS (19 апреля 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  48. ↑ Despite Evidence, Robert Mueller Would Not Say Whether Trump Obstructed Justice. Here's Why (англ.) . Time. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  49. ↑ Trump failed at obstruction because his aides refused to carry out orders, Mueller finds (англ.) . NBC News. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  50. ↑ Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt. Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president // The Washington Post. — 2019. — 17 апреля.
  51. ↑ 11 moments Mueller investigated for obstruction of justice (неопр.) . PBS NewsHour (18 апреля 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  52. ↑ Strohm, Chris. Mueller's Signal on Obstruction: Congress Should Take On Trump // Bloomberg News. — 2019. — 20 апреля.
  53. ↑ Lisa Mascaro. Mueller drops obstruction dilemma on Congress (неопр.) . AP NEWS (19 апреля 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  54. ↑ Dennis, Steven; Strohm, Chris; McLaughlin, David. Top Takeaways From the Mueller Report // Bloomberg News. — 2019. — 20 апреля.
  55. ↑ Mueller Report, vol. II, p.8 // https://www.justice.gov/ . — With respect to whether the President can be found to have obstructed justice by exercising his powers under Article II of the Constitution, we concluded that Congress has authority to prohibit a President's corrupt use of his authority in order to protect the integrity of the administration of justice. [...] The conclusion that Congress may apply the obstruction laws to the President's corrupt exercise of the powers of office accords with our constitutional system of checks and balances and the principle that no person is above the law..
  56. ↑ The key findings from the Justice Department summary of Mueller's report (англ.) (неопр.) ? . www.cbsnews.com. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  57. ↑ As he exits, Mueller suggests only Congress can 'formally accuse a sitting president of wrongdoing // The Washington Post. — 2019. — 29 мая.
  58. ↑ Jeremy Herb, Katelyn Polantz and Laura Jarrett CNN. Mueller says charging Trump not an option special counsel could consider (неопр.) . CNN. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  59. ↑ Jacqueline Thomsen. Mueller: Trump could be charged with obstruction of justice after leaving office (англ.) . TheHill (24 July 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  60. ↑ Key lawmakers accuse Russia of campaign to disrupt US election // The Washington Post.
  61. ↑ Feinstein, Schiff Statement on Russian Hacking (англ.) . United States Senator for California. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  62. ↑ Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019) (англ.) // Wikipedia. — 2019-07-29.
  63. ↑ Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019) (англ.) // Wikipedia. — 2019-07-29.
  64. ↑ Staff writer(s). Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections // https://www.dni.gov . — 2017. — 6 января.
  65. ↑ Shane, Scott . Inside a 3-Year Russian Campaign to Influence US Voters , The New York Times (16 февраля 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  66. ↑ Brian Feldman. DNI Report: High Confidence Russia Interfered With US Election (англ.) . Intelligencer. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  67. ↑ ABC News. Robert Mueller takes over FBI's Russia investigation at pivotal moment (англ.) . ABC News. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  68. ↑ Chris Zappone. George Papadopoulos spreading disinformation to Australia (англ.) . The Sydney Morning Herald (22 November 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  69. ↑ Ex-Trump aide asks for prison delay (неопр.) . NewsComAu (17 ноября 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  70. ↑ Press, Australian Associated . Ex-Trump adviser takes aim at Alexander Downer after Mueller report , The Guardian (26 марта 2019). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  71. ↑ Robert Mueller's report on Trump-Russia probe may name Australians (англ.) . SBS News. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  72. ↑ Alexander Downer interviewed by FBI over Russian interference in US election, report says // ABC News. — The results, summarised and sent to Washington on August 2 last year, reportedly laid the foundations for what is now special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation. The breakthrough stemmed from a night of heavy drinking Mr Downer had with former Trump campaign aide George Papadopoulos at the Kensington Wine Rooms in London in May 2016., 2019. — 27 марта.
  73. ↑ Downer, Papadopoulos, a few gins and the Mueller probe | afr.com (неопр.) . web.archive.org (12 сентября 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  74. ↑ Russia probe a hangover from Downer bar talk (неопр.) . The Australian (27 марта 2019). — «Alexander Downer, sparked the chain of events that led to Robert Mueller's probe into alleged Russian interference».
  75. ↑ Analysis | A (so far) complete timeline of the investigation into Trump and Russia // The Washington Post. — The FBI begins investigating possible links between the Russian government and Trump's campaign. The investigation is triggered when Australian authorities contact the agency — realizing that Papadopoulos's May mention of Russian dirt to Downer, the diplomat, was validated by the release of stolen data., 2016. — 31 июля.
  76. ↑ We annotated the full Nunes memo on the Russia probe (неопр.) . PBS NewsHour (2 февраля 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  77. ↑ Alex Emmons, Trevor Aaronson. Nunes Memo Accidentally Confirms the Legitimacy of the FBI's Investigation (англ.) (неопр.) ? . The Intercept (2 февраля 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
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  82. ↑ Eric Tucker, Mary Clare Jalonick, Chad Day. Trump claims memo 'totally vindicates' him in Russia probe (неопр.) . AP NEWS (4 февраля 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
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  84. ↑ John Cassidy. The Nunes Memo Undermines the Right's Trump-Russia Conspiracy Theory (англ.) . — 2018-02-02. — ISSN 0028-792X .
  85. ↑ Former Trump campaign members on contact with Mueller probe (англ.) (неопр.) ? . Fox News (30 мая 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  86. ↑ Andrew McCabe: The full 60 Minutes interview // CBS News. — 2019. — 19 февраля.
  87. ↑ 28 CFR § 600.7 - Conduct and accountability. (eng.) . LII / Legal Information Institute. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  88. ↑ Landler, Mark . Jeff Sessions Recuses Himself From Russia Inquiry , The New York Times (2 марта 2017). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
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  93. ↑ Former FBI Director Mueller Appointed As Special Counsel To Oversee Russia Probe (англ.) . NPR.org. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
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  147. ↑ Manhattan Madam Kristin Davis Subpoenaed by Robert Mueller (англ.) . TMZ. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  148. ↑ Hsu, Spencer S.; Barrett, Devlin. Judge holds Roger Stone associate in contempt for refusing to testify in Russia investigation // The Washington Post. — 2018. — 10 августа.
  149. ↑ Sara Murray CNN. Mueller subpoenas Randy Credico, who Roger Stone says was his WikiLeaks back channel (неопр.) . CNN. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  150. ↑ Shelby Holliday and Aruna Viswanatha. Mueller Probes Possible Witness Intimidation by Roger Stone (англ.) (неопр.) ? . WSJ. Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  151. ↑ Haberman, Maggie . Jerome Corsi, Conspiracy Theorist, Is Subpoenaed in Mueller Investigation , The New York Times (5 сентября 2018). Date of treatment August 1, 2019.
  152. ↑ Katelyn Polantz CNN. Two prosecutors leave Mueller's office (неопр.) . CNN. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  153. ↑ ABC News. Special counsel's Russia investigation team loses 2nd FBI veteran (англ.) . ABC News. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  154. ↑ Apuzzo, Matt . Trump Adds Clinton Impeachment Lawyer, Bracing for a Fight on Multiple Fronts , The New York Times (2 мая 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  155. ↑ Jessica Kwong On 12/5/17 at 12:12 PM EST. Trump's lawyer John Dowd has won high-profile white-collar criminal cases (англ.) . Newsweek (5 December 2017). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  156. ↑ Apuzzo, Matt . Trump Adds Clinton Impeachment Lawyer, Bracing for a Fight on Multiple Fronts , The New York Times (2 мая 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  157. ↑ Jason Le Miere On 8/21/18 at 11:58 AM EDT. Sean Hannity compares Robert Mueller to Joseph Stalin's brutal secret police chief in latest attack (англ.) . Newsweek (21 August 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  158. ↑ Scott McDonald On 3/28/19 at 10:08 PM EDT. Rush Limbaugh calls Mueller investigation, its aftermath "A Manufactured Coup" because of 2016 election (англ.) . Newsweek (28 March 2019). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  159. ↑ Mascaro, Lisa. Pro-Trump group launches new attack ad against special counsel Robert Mueller // latimes.com.
  160. ↑ Donald J. Trump. The 13 Angry Democrats in charge of the Russian Witch Hunt are starting to find out that there is a Court System in place that actually protects people from injustice...and just wait 'till the Courts get to see your unrevealed Conflicts of Interest! (eng.) . @realdonaldtrump (2018T04:39). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  161. ↑ Checking Trump's claims on Mueller team's partisanship (англ.) . @politifact. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  162. ↑ ABC News. Trump flashes anger over Sessions recusal, Russia stories in Oval Office meeting (англ.) . ABC News. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  163. ↑ Baker, Peter . Citing Recusal, Trump Says He Wouldn't Have Hired Sessions , The New York Times (19 июля 2017). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  164. ↑ Veronica Stracqualursi, Allie Malloy and Kevin Liptak CNN. Trump wishes he hadn't picked Sessions for AG (неопр.) . CNN. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  165. ↑ Micklethwait, John; Talev, Margaret; Jacobs, Jennifer. Trump Says He'll Keep Sessions Until November Despite 'Illegal' Probe" // Bloomberg news. — 2019. — 28 марта.
  166. ↑ Jeff Sessions forced out as attorney general (англ.) (неопр.) ? . www.cbsnews.com. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  167. ↑ Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt; Dawsey, Josh. "Jeff Sessions forced out as attorney general". // Washington Post. — 2018. — 7 ноября.
  168. ↑ Jeff Sessions forced out as attorney general (англ.) (неопр.) ? . www.cbsnews.com. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  169. ↑ Kevin Breuninger. Trump's new acting Attorney General Matthew Whitaker, who has criticized the Mueller probe, will now oversee it (англ.) . CNBC (7 November 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  170. ↑ Rod Rosenstein is no longer in charge of the Mueller probe (неопр.) . theweek.com (7 ноября 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  171. ↑ Matthew Whitaker. Mueller's investigation of Trump is going too far (неопр.) . CNN. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  172. ↑ Ryan J. Reilly. Jeff Sessions' New Chief Of Staff Thinks Mueller's Russia Probe Could Be A 'Witch Hunt' (англ.) . HuffPost (22 September 2017). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  173. ↑ Matthew Whitaker Takes His Twitter Account Private, After His Tweet About the 'Mueller Lynch Mob' Reveals Conflicts (англ.) . Fortune. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  174. ↑ Robert Mackey. Jeff Sessions Replaced by Aide Who Said Mueller Should Be Barred From Probing Trump Finances (англ.) (неопр.) ? . The Intercept (7 ноября 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  175. ↑ Goldman, Adam . Matthew Whitaker: An Attack Dog With Ambition Beyond Protecting Trump , The New York Times (9 ноября 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  176. ↑ Sonam Sheth. Jeff Sessions' replacement is good news for Trump and bad news for Mueller (неопр.) . Business Insider. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  177. ↑ What has new Acting Attorney General Matt Whitaker said about the Mueller investigation? (eng.) . Des Moines Register. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  178. ↑ Matt Whitaker and Sam Clovis: Trump's new attorney general has a major conflict of interest (англ.) . Salon (8 November 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  179. ↑ Kevin Breuninger. Acting Attorney General Whitaker's views on Mueller probe prompt calls for recusal from Democrats and legal experts (англ.) . CNBC (8 November 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  180. ↑ Mary Papenfuss. Trump Hammered On Acting Attorney General Matt Whitaker By Conservative Group (англ.) . HuffPost (18 November 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  181. ↑ Hamburger, Tom; Helderman, Rosalind S. Warner intensifies call for Whitaker to recuse himself from special counsel probe, citing friendship with key witness // The Washington Post. — 2018. — 15 ноября.
  182. ↑ Sonam Sheth, Grace Panetta. Trump's new acting attorney general, who has publicly railed against Mueller, reportedly will not recuse himself from the Russia probe (неопр.) . Business Insider. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  183. ↑ Goldman, Adam . Trump Installs a Critic of the Mueller Investigation to Oversee It , The New York Times (7 ноября 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  184. ↑ Benner, Katie . Matthew Whitaker, a Trump Loyalist, Is Seen as Ascendant Amid Rosenstein Chaos , The New York Times (26 сентября 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  185. ↑ Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt; Dawsey, Josh. Acting attorney general Whitaker has no intention of recusing himself from Russia probe, associates say. // The Washington Post. — 2018. — 8 ноября.
  186. ↑ ABC News. Trump announces he'll nominate William Barr as next attorney general (англ.) . ABC News. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  187. ↑ Blake, Aaron. Barr confirms he shared his Mueller memo with lots of people around Trump". // Washington Post.. — 2019. — 15 января.
  188. ↑ Rogers, Katie . Trump Won't Commit to Making Mueller Report Public , The New York Times (3 февраля 2019). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  189. ↑ Ariane de Vogue and Laura Jarrett CNN. Trump's pick for attorney general warns Mueller's obstruction inquiry 'fatally misconceived' in memo to DOJ (неопр.) . CNN. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  190. ↑ Will Sommer. Trump allies hit Mueller on relationship with Comey (англ.) . TheHill (17 June 2017). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  191. ↑ Attorney General William Barr Swears Oath Of Office After Senate Confirmation (англ.) . NPR.org. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  192. ↑ Daniel, Annie . How Every Senator Voted on Barr's Confirmation as Attorney General , The New York Times (14 февраля 2019). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  193. ↑ Kevin Breuninger. Senate confirms Trump's attorney general pick William Barr, who will now oversee Mueller probe (англ.) . CNBC (14 February 2019). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  194. ↑ 28 CFR § 600.4 - Jurisdiction. (eng.) . LII / Legal Information Institute. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  195. ↑ House Judiciary Committee releases transcript of James Comey testimony (англ.) (неопр.) ? . www.cbsnews.com. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  196. ↑ Eric Tucker, Chad Day, Mary Clare Jalonick. Comey: FBI probe of Russia initially looked at 4 Americans (неопр.) . AP NEWS (9 декабря 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  197. ↑ Wilber, Del Quentin; Cloud, Davis S. "Comey says FBI began investigation into Russia meddling in July". // Los Angeles Times.. — 2017. — 20 марта.
  198. ↑ Special counsel will take over FBI Russia campaign interference investigation (англ.) . NBC News. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  199. ↑ 'Lone hacker' claims responsibility for cyber attack on Democrats , Reuters (16 июня 2016). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  200. ↑ Dan Goodin. “Guccifer” leak of DNC Trump research has a Russian's fingerprints on it (неопр.) . Ars Technica (16 июня 2016). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  201. ↑ Lorenzo Franceschi-Bicchierai. How Hackers Broke Into John Podesta and Colin Powell's Gmail Accounts (англ.) (неопр.) ? . Vice (20 октября 2016). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  202. ↑ Weisburd, Andrew; Watts, Clint. "Trolls for Trump – How Russia Dominates Your Twitter Feed to Promote Lies (And, Trump, Too)". // The Daily Beast.. — 2016. — 6 августа.
  203. ↑ Russian Hackers Targeted Nearly Half of States' Voter Registration Systems, Successfully Infiltrated 4 - ABC News (неопр.) . web.archive.org (19 мая 2017). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  204. ↑ Huib Modderkolk. Dutch agencies provide crucial intel about Russia's interference in US-elections (неопр.) . de Volkskrant (25 января 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  205. ↑ Bloomberg - Are you a robot? (unspecified) . www.bloomberg.com. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  206. ↑ Sanger, David E. . From the Start, Trump Has Muddied a Clear Message: Putin Interfered , The New York Times (18 июля 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  207. ↑ Ken Dilanian, William M. Arkin, Julia Ainsley. Mueller eyes charges against Russians who hacked Democrats' emails (англ.) . NBC News (1 March 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  208. ↑ Bloomberg - Are you a robot? (unspecified) . www.bloomberg.com. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  209. ↑ Why a Facebook warrant could signal a turning point in Mueller's investigation (англ.) (неопр.) ? . www.cbsnews.com. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  210. ↑ Sara Murray and Jeremy Herb CNN. Trump still unconvinced Russia meddled in 2016 election (неопр.) . CNN. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  211. ↑ Stephanie Murray. Putin: I wanted Trump to win the election (англ.) . POLITICO. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  212. ↑ Kevin Johnson, Bart Jansen, Kristine Phillips. Mueller report: Investigation found no evidence Trump conspired with Russia, leaves obstruction question open (англ.) . USA TODAY. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  213. ↑ Shane Harris. Russian Officials Overheard Discussing Trump Associates Before Campaign Began (англ.) (неопр.) ? . WSJ. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  214. ↑ Rosenberg, Matthew . Obama Administration Rushed to Preserve Intelligence of Russian Election Hacking , The New York Times (1 марта 2017). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  215. ↑ Schmidt, Michael S. . Trump Campaign Aides Had Repeated Contacts With Russian Intelligence , The New York Times (14 февраля 2017). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  216. ↑ Official: Flynn discussed sanctions with Russians before taking office (англ.) . NBC News. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  217. ↑ Sara Murray, Gloria Borger and Jeremy Diamond CNN. Flynn resigns amid controversy over Russia contacts (неопр.) . CNN. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  218. ↑ Schmidt, Michael S. . Kushner and Flynn Met With Russian Envoy in December, White House Says , The New York Times (2 марта 2017). Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  219. ↑ Nakashima, Ellen; Entous, Adam; Miller, Greg. Russian ambassador told Moscow that Kushner wanted secret communications channel with Kremlin. // The Washington Post. — 2017. — 26 мая.
  220. ↑ Announcement of Treasury Sanctions on Entities Within the Financial Services and Energy Sectors of Russia, Against Arms or Related Materiel Entities, and those Undermining Ukraine's Sovereignty (неопр.) . www.treasury.gov. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
  221. ↑ 1 2 Filipov, David; Brittain, Amy; Helderman, Rosalind S.; Hamburger, Tom. Explanations for Kushner's meeting with head of Kremlin-linked bank don't match up // The Washington Post. — 2017. — 1 июня.
  222. ↑ How Donald Trump Became the Kremlin's Candidate (англ.) . POLITICO Magazine. Date of treatment August 2, 2019.
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Расследование_спецпрокурора_Мюллера&oldid=101429344


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