Russian emigration of the fourth wave - the name of the wave of emigration from Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 .
During the 1990s, emigration was mainly economic. It also had an especially strong ethnic element: for example, ethnic Germans traveled to Germany en masse [1] . In the 2000s. the flow of emigration gradually subsided, but then, from the beginning of the 2010s, a new wave of political emigration arose, connected with the tightening of Russia's political course [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Emigration from Russia to foreign countries - “Demoscope Weekly” (organ of the Institute of Demography of the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”), No. 513-514 (June 4 - 17, 2012).
- ↑ Russia is talking about a new wave of political emigration - BBC, July 13, 2012.
Literature
- Vishnevsky A.G., Zayonchkovskaya J.A. Migration from the USSR: the fourth wave. Working reports of the Center for Demography and Human Ecology. Issue 3. M., 1991, December.
- Polyan P. Emigration: who and when in the twentieth century left Russia // In the book: Russia and its regions in the XX century: territory - resettlement - migration / Ed. O. Glezer and P. Polyana. M .: OGI, 2005.