Eleman languages ( Eng. Eleman languages ) - a family of seven [1] closely related Papuan languages , referring to a Trans-New Guinean family (filet) [1] [2] [3] , spoken by a group of coastal peoples under the common name Elema [4] , living on the coast of the Bay of Papua [5] in the south of the island of New Guinea [6] and adjacent areas in the south-east of the province of Gulf in Papua New Guinea , between Cape and the border of the Central Province in the east and the mouth of the Purari River in the West. The number of seven ethnic groups of the ale group in the 1980s was 55 (according to other data, 58.5) thousand people. Among these peoples there is one relatively large - , whose number is 30 (28) thousand people [7] , - 10 thousand people, other peoples of the group - 15 thousand people [2] . The neighbors of ale in the west that live in the Purari delta are the cinnamon . Elema and Koriki speak non-Austronesian languages that do not come close to either the Motu language or any other Austronesian language , but they are in a relationship of a very distant and problematic relationship [8] [9] .
| Elemana Languages | |
|---|---|
| Taxon | family |
| Area | Gulf , New Guinea , Papua New Guinea |
| Classification | |
| Category | Papuan languages |
| Transnova Guinea family | |
| Composition | |
| Language group codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-5 | - |
The coast of the Bay of Papua, from the mouth of the Fly River in the west to Cape Possession in the east, is an area of large villages, huge houses (residential and ceremonial). The population of the district speaks closely related Papuan languages: , , , , (10 thousand [2] ), elem [10] [4 ] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Trans-New Guinean Languages / Koryakov Yu. B. // Television Tower - Ulan Bator [Electronic resource]. - 2016. - P. 344. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 tons.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, Vol. 32). - ISBN 978-5-85270-369-9 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Peoples of the World: A Historical and Ethnographic Reference / [Inst. Of Ethnography, USSR Academy of Sciences. N. N. Miklukho-Maclay]; Ch. ed. Yu. V. Bromley. - M .: Owls. Encycl., 1988. - p. 572. - 624 p.
- ↑ Ross, Malcolm. Papuan Pasts: Edited by Andrew Pawley, Robert Attenborough, Jack Golson and Robin Hide; Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University. - Canberra, 2005. - 817 p. - (Pacific Linguistics 572). - ISBN 0-85883-562-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 Problems of history and ethnography of the peoples of Australia, New Guinea and the Hawaiian Islands . - M .: Science, 1962. - p. 169. - 265 p. - (Proceedings of the Institute of Ethnography. NN Miklukho - Maklay. New series, volume LXXX).
- ↑ Tendryakova M. V. Male and female age initiations (variant of the problem) // Ethnographic review: journal. - 1992. - № 4 . - pp . 29-41 . - ISSN 0869-5415 .
- ↑ Davy, Maurice. The Evolution of War: The Evolution of War: An Evolution of War from English L.A. Kalashnikova]. - M .: Tsentrpoligraf, 2009. - p. 143. - 380 p. - (Chronicles of military battles). - ISBN 978-5-9524-4070-8 .
- ↑ Puchkov P. I. The Ethnic Situation in Oceania . - M .: Science, 1983. - p. 109. - 250 p.
- ↑ Dutton T. E. The Hiri-Motu Language in Papua - New Guinea: The Origin and Early Stages of Development // Soviet Ethnography: Journal / Trans. from English M.A. Chlenov. - 1986. - № 2 . - pp . 56-72 . - ISSN 0869-5415 .
- ↑ Belikov V.I. Pidgin and Creole Languages of Oceania: A Sociolinguistic Essay. - M .: Publ. Eastern Literature Firm, RAS, 1998. - 198 p. - ISBN 5-02-017907-8 .
- ↑ Butinov, Nikolai Aleksandrovich . Papuans of New Guinea: (household, social system) / USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ethnography. N.N. Miklukho-Maklay. - M .: Science, 1968. - p. 30. - 256 p.