Treatment muds (peloids, from the Greek. Ηἐλος - “silt, mud”) [1] - sediments of various reservoirs, peat deposits of swamps ( peat bogs ), eruptions of mud volcanoes and other (modern or geologically young) natural formations consisting of water, mineral and usually organic compounds , possessing homogeneity and finely divided structure, in most cases, greasy consistency (Plastic mass), whereby they can be used in a heated state in therapeutic purposes as baths and topical applications - for gryazel cheniya [2] .
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Education
- 3 Typology
- 4 Peloid therapy
- 5 Contraindications for mud therapy
- 6 See also
- 7 notes
- 8 Literature
History
The domestic balneologist Alexander Aleksandrovich Lozinsky conducted the first experimental research in Russia in the field of balneology , developed the theory of the balneotoxic effect of mineral waters and mud treatment [3] . Together with St. Petersburg professor V. S. Sadikov, Lozinsky, for the first time in Russia, organized experimental studies to study the effect of CMS and mud on the body. Lozinsky proposed the use of the electric mud procedure, publishing in 1913 the work “Electrification through Mud”.
Education
Curative mud is the result of complex long-term processes - under the influence of factors of geological, climatic, hydrogeological (geochemical), biological (chemical-biological) and other nature. Mineral particles, organic substances (the remains of plant and animal organisms), colloidal particles of organic and inorganic composition, water serve as a material for the formation of therapeutic mud. The formation of mud occurs under the influence of microorganisms, the number of which can reach 1 billion or more in 1 g of dry mud. As a result of biochemical processes taking place with their participation, therapeutic mud is enriched with so-called biogenic components (compounds of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, iron, etc.), many of which (for example, hydrogen sulfide ) exhibit high therapeutic activity [1] .
The physical properties of mud are close to the properties of peloid-like substances (paraffin, ozokerite ) used by methods of heat therapy that are close to mud therapy.
Typology
According to their content, therapeutic muds are divided into organic (peat mud and sapropel) and inorganic (sulphide silt and sludge) [4] .
The main genetic (by origin) groups of therapeutic mud deposits, according to the classification of V. V. Ivanov and A. M. Malakhov (1963) [5] :
- Peat bogs form in wetlands as a result of incomplete decomposition of plants under conditions of oxygen deficiency, excess moisture, and low evaporation. The main balneological value is the degree of decomposition of peat - the ratio between the number of decomposed and non-decomposed residue. Peat with a decomposition degree of at least 40% is used for treatment [4] . Peat mud contains a lot of water (90% of the total mass), organic substances ( humic acids , amino acids , cellulose ), sulfates of iron and aluminum, free sulfuric acid [1] .
- Sapropelic (from the Greek Σαπρος "rotten", Greek ρελος "silt, rotting silt") - silt bottom sediments of freshwater continental lakes ( Berchikul , Moltaevo , Plakhino, Ugdan, Utinoe ). These are jelly-like, low-plastic media with a low sulfide content (less than 0, 15%), a high mass fraction of moisture (up to 97%) and low salinity, containing a large number of biologically active substances, humic and fulvic acids, various trace elements ( cobalt , magnesium , copper , zinc , boron , molybdenum , iodine , bromine ), which form optimal conditions for the life of the autochthonous microflora (13 groups of microorganisms). Various structures determine the color of dirt - from brown to pink [1] .
- Sulphide-silt - silt bottom deposits formed in salt bodies of water: sea bays, estuaries , lagoons, saline lakes of continental and marine origin or lakes with the release of underground mineral waters ( Bolshoi and Malyi Tambukan lakes, Bolshoi and Malye Solyonoye , Tinaki , Elton , Repnoe , Hafiz ). They are highly mineral inorganic compounds of various ionic composition with a predominance of iron sulfide - hydrotroidlite [Fe (HS) 2 ], up to 0.5% of the total mass of dirt and other salts of the reservoir forming them. Iron salts determine the dark gray color of sulfide mud [1] . Stand out:
- Continental;
- Seaside
- Marine;
- Lake-key.
- Sopochnye formed in the oil and gas regions ( Taman and Kerch peninsulas , South Sakhalin ) as a result of extrusion of clay rocks through gases and pressure waters through tectonic cracks. They are represented by semi-liquid, gray clay formations, they contain a significant number of bromine ions (up to 170 mg / l), iodine (up to 80 g / l), boron (100 mg / l) and bicarbonates [1] .
- Hydrothermal mud is formed as a result of leaching of rocks by hot gas-steam jets in zones of active volcanic activity ( Kamchatka , Kuril Islands ) and hot spring mud - fango formed as a result of subsidence of mineral substances at the bottom of thermal springs ( Abano Terme ), products of weathering of volcanic rocks ( kaolin , clay) and modified (artificial) peloids based on natural raw materials (clay, silt, peat, mineral water) [1] .
- Deposits of freshwater clayey treatment silts.
Peloid Therapy
Peloid therapy is the therapeutic use of mud [1] .
The therapeutic mud has a high heat capacity [24 kJ / kg • ° C] and thermal conductivity [0.88 W / (m • ° C)], but low heat-holding ability (350-850 s). Some chemical components of peloids (gases, microelements, biological substances such as sex hormones , etc.), penetrating the skin, affect the course of metabolic processes , the immune response of the body [1] .
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system; rheumatism (not earlier than 6-7 months after an acute attack); chronic rheumatoid polyarthritis ; infectious and non-specific polyarthritis ; dystrophic (non-infectious) polyarthritis; residual effects after joint injuries; osteomyelitis ; diseases of the genitourinary system in men; diseases of the female genital organs, including chronic inflammatory processes and infertility; spastic constipation; chronic hepatocholecystitis ; adhesive processes. Many diseases and consequences of injuries of the peripheral nervous system, especially: radiculitis , plexitis , polyneuritis , neuritis - infectious, rheumatic, due to poisoning; consequences of poliomyelitis in children.
With great success, mud therapy is used in many surgical, otorhinolaryngological , ocular and skin diseases.
Contraindications for mud therapy
Bleeding of any origin; active tuberculosis of any organs and tissues; tumors; fever; pregnancy of all terms; extreme exhaustion of the body and a breakdown; violation of cardiac compensation, angina pectoris , mitral stenosis , atrial fibrillation , severe atherosclerosis , etc.
See also
- Balneotherapy center
- Resort
- Thalassotherapy
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 S. G. Abramovich, Adilov V.V., Antipenko P.V. et al. 19 // Peloid therapy / Ed. G. N. Ponomarenko. - Physiotherapy: a national guide. - GEOTAR-Media, 2009 .-- 864 p. - ISBN 9785970411841 .
- ↑ Peloids as defined by the Center for Restorative Medicine and Balneology of the Ministry of Health of Russia
- ↑ P.E. Zabludovsky. Lozinsky Alexander Alexandrovich / edited by Petrovsky B.V .. - Big Medical Encyclopedia. - T. 13.
- ↑ 1 2 V.G. Shilko. Physical culture, health care and education: Materials of the X International scientific-practical conference dedicated to the memory of V.S. Piruskogo, Tomsk, November 17, 2016. - Tomsk: STT Publishing, 2016 .-- 377 p. - ISBN 9785936295690 .
- ↑ Therapeutic mud of Crimea. . kurorty.crimea.ua. Date of appeal September 16, 2018.
Literature
- Ivanov V.V., Mikheeva L.S. Therapeutic mud // Big Medical Encyclopedia , 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia. - T. 6.
- Belenky M.S., Sokolova C.F., Vladimirova N.A. Mud cure // Big Medical Encyclopedia , 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia. - T. 6.
- Small mountain encyclopedia . In 3 t. = Mala gіrnicha encyclopedia / (In Ukrainian). Ed. V.S. Beletsky . - Donetsk: Donbass, 2004. - ISBN 966-7804-14-3 .