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Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (also spelled Zhuyё ) ( French Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu ; April 12, 1748 , Lyon - September 17, 1836 , Paris ) - French botanist ; creator of the first natural plant classification system (1789), the foundations of which were laid by his uncle Bernard de Jussieux . He introduced the concept of the family into botany.
Short Biography
Son of Christophe , nephew of Antoine , Bernard and Joseph de Jussieu , father of Adrien Henri Laurent de Jussieu .
Having become a professor of botany at the Royal Botanic Gardens , he began to develop the theory of plant classification of his uncle, Bernard Jussieu, paying attention to the characteristic features of plants.
The plant classification system was introduced by Antoine to the Academy of Sciences in 1773-1777, published under the title Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratum, anno 1774 (Paris, 1789, in 8 ° (lat.) ) And is a whole era in the history of botany . Plants with the Antoine Jussieux system are arranged in the form of an ascending staircase, starting with algae and mushrooms and ending with flowering plants . His system, however, was not accepted by everyone.
Member of the French Academy of Sciences since 1782.
From 1789 to 1824, Antoine de Jussieu tried to improve his system with a series of additions; he believed that families can be described as species and that attention should be paid to the characteristic features of plant organs, subordinating one to another, looking at the group of plants under consideration. The idea of subordinating groups distinguishes the Jussieux system from the systems of his contemporaries and predecessors. The Russian botanist Ivan Martynov wrote in his essay “Three Botanists” in 1821 that three great luminaries shine in the plant kingdom, three systematists — Tournefort , Linnaeus and Jussieu — the others “illuminate the mysteries of nature, borrowing their light from these rays geniuses. " Those wishing to engage in botany must, according to Martynov, have an understanding of the systems of each of them, without this it is impossible to see the "conception of methodological knowledge of this kingdom" [1] .
In 1794 he was appointed director of the new National Museum of Natural History .
He considered biological species unchanged.
Jussieu published numerous works on various plant families, as well as an important work entitled Principe de la méthode naturelle des végetaux (Paris, 1824).
Scientific work
- Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita , 1789 (lat.)
Notes
- ↑ Martynov, 1821 , Preface, p. I.
Literature
- Chew Antoine Laurent // Euclid - Ibsen. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1972. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 9).
- Beketov A.N. Jussieux // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Martynov I.I. March 8, 2016 ]. - SPb. : Printing House of the Department of Education, 1821. - 239 p.
- Stafleu FA, Introduction to Jussieu's Genera plantarum , Weinheim, 1964
- Duane Isely, One hundred and one botanists (Iowa State University Press, 1994), pp. 118-120 (English)