500 days

The program contained a fundamentally new economic doctrine, according to the authors, which consisted of "moving to the market primarily at the expense of the state, and not at the expense of ordinary people", and set the "task: to take everything that is possible from the state and give it to people" (Introduction to the Program: Man, freedom, market).

In general, the program contained the following proposals:

• privatization of state property;
• decentralization of economic management;
• providing favorable conditions for the development of private enterprise .

The working group to create the program was formed at the initiative and joint decision of M. S. Gorbachev and B. N. Yeltsin . And, according to her admission, the program would not have been prepared without their joint support.

Often the sole authorship of the program is erroneously attributed to Grigory Yavlinsky , the chairman of the State Commission for Economic Reform, but the program was proposed by Stanislav Shatalin and finalized by his working group. Before starting work on the project, Gorbachev assured Shatalin that he was serious about the radical reform of the Soviet economy.

By September 1, 1990, the 500-day program and 20 draft laws for it had been prepared, approved by the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR and submitted to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR . At the same time, on behalf of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Nikolai Ryzhkov , an alternative project was developed - “The main directions of development”. Ryzhkov said that if he was not accepted, he would resign. As a compromise, Mikhail Gorbachev proposed combining the two programs into a single program of the President of the USSR.

In their analysis, the program developers relied on information received from ministries and departments on 21 requests signed by academician Shatalin. The full information was provided by the organizations of the USSR: banks - Promstroibank , Sberbank , State Bank , Agroprombank , Zhilsotsbank ; Goskomstat of the USSR , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR , State Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Food and Purchasing.

Some organizations did not represent it ( Gosplan of the USSR , Vnesheconombank , Ministry of Defense of the USSR , Central Committee of the CPSU , Central Committee of the Komsomol , All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions ), partially submitted ( Council of Ministers of the USSR ) or submitted secondary materials ( Ministry of Finance of the USSR , Goskomtsen of the USSR ) (Section V of the Program).

In the concluding part of the Introduction, the working group recognized that “the program has shortcomings, but believes that its finalization will be carried out by life. The month-long period of our work, the lack of important information did not allow us to do more. ”

The program was widely discussed by the public, and its main provisions - large-scale denationalization and privatization of state property, foreign economic reforms, housing and communal services reform, land reform, etc. - were later implemented, after the collapse of the USSR, in fact due to the absence of other reform concepts.

Here is how the privatization procedure was described in the Program:

Local Councils evaluate the value of trading enterprises, household service enterprises, local industry, small and medium enterprises of other industries. After assessing the financial condition of these enterprises, their lists are published in the press, indicating the terms and conditions of their privatization. Then, in full transparency about the progress of privatization, the sale of non-residential premises, small enterprises begins ... The program aims to enable people to use their money to purchase property.

• The first stage of the program (100 days) provided for the privatization of housing, land, small enterprises, corporatization of large enterprises. The Reserve System was created on the basis of the USSR State Bank.
• The second stage (150 days) - price liberalization.
• The third stage (150 days) is market stabilization.
• The fourth stage (100 days) - the beginning of the ascent.

• Aleksashenko, Sergey Vladimirovich
• Bayev, Yuri Ivanovich
• Vavilov, Andrei Petrovich
• Grigoriev, Leonid Markovich
• Zadornov, Mikhail Mikhailovich
• Martynov, Vladlen Arkadevich
• Mashits, Vladimir Mikhailovich
• Mikhailov, Alexey Yuryevich
• Petrakov, Nikolay Yakovlevich
• Fedorov, Boris Grigorievich
• Shatalin, Stanislav Sergeevich
• Yavlinsky, Grigory Alekseevich
• Yarygina, Tatyana Vladimirovna
• Yasin, Evgeny Grigoryevich

In 2005, in an interview with Novaya Gazeta , an international economist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Oleg Bogomolov noted: “Yavlinsky’s program provided for the economic union of the republics: a single currency, a single legislation, and defense. At the same time, the Council of Ministers was liquidated, and the economy was governed by a council of heads of government of each republic. Their autonomy expanded. This was the main reason for torpedoing the program. Gorbachev went about the Soviet military-industrial complex and refused to support her ” ^[2] .

• Shock therapy (economics)
• Balcerovich Plan
• One hundred days of reform

• Transition to the market. Concept and Program. - M.: "Arkhangelsk", 1990. - 239 p.
• Yasin E. G. Russian Economy
• Ryzhkov N.I. Chief witness, 2009.

• On the 10th anniversary of the development of the 500 Days Program
• Grigory Yavlinsky: “Yeltsin was convinced that the Soviet system can be overcome only by tearing the country to pieces” // “ Forbes ”. - March 4, 2010
• d / f "1991. Gaidar. The Beginning. ” From the cycle Historical Chronicles with Nikolai Svanidze