The Botanical Magazine, or Flower-Garden Displayed , is an illustrated edition that was first published in 1787. [3] It is the oldest botanical magazine, widely referred to by the subsequent name Curtis's Botanical Magazine .
| Curtis's botanical magazine | |
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| Abbreviation ( ISO 4 ) | |
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| Publisher | and |
| Established | and |
| ISSN print version | 1355-4905 1467-8748, 0011-4073 |
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Each of the issues of the journal contains a description in an official, but accessible language, and is known for the work of two centuries of botanical illustrators . Many plants were first described on its pages, and the description was supplemented with detailed illustrations.
Content
- 1 History and profile
- 2 References
- 3 Bibliography
- 4 References
History and Profile
The first issue, February 1, 1787 [4], was published by William Curtis as an illustrated gardening and botanical journal. Curtis was a pharmacist and botanist who held a position at Kew Gardens , which published the highly-rated (but poorly-selling) Flora Londinensis , published a few years ago. The publication introduced readers to decorative and exotic plants, which it presented in the octave format. Artists who previously gave their plant images to a rich audience now see that their work has been published in a format that is accessible to a wider audience. Illustrations were originally printed by hand, taken from copper engravings and are intended to illustrate the text. Identifiable pa was accompanied by one or two pages of text describing the properties of plants, history, growth characteristics, and some common names of the species.
Illustrations of the first volume were mainly made by Sydenham Edwards . A dispute with the editors led to his departure, which was organized by a rival magazine, the Botanical Register . Funding for the first issue ( Iris persica ) belongs to James Sowerby . In the first thirty volumes, copper engraving was used to make plates, the manual painting of which was carried out by many workers - up to thirty people. The circulation was 3000 copies, 3 sheets in each copy. As costs and demand increased, the number of copies changed from issue to release. A later use of machine coloring would replace the work of artists, although the process could not give the same detail for many years. The magazine is considered the leading journal of early botanical illustration.
When Curtis died, having completed 13 volumes (1787–1800), his friend John Sims became editor between 1801 and 1807 (volumes 15–26) and changed his name. William Hooker has been an editor since 1826, bringing his experience as a botanist and author of the rival magazine Exotic Botany to it . WJ Hooker brought the artist Walter Goode Fitch to the magazine; this artist became the magazine's main artist for forty years.
Joseph Dalton Hooker followed his father, becoming director of Kew Gardens in 1865 and editor of his journal. Fitch left the magazine in 1877 after a dispute with Hooker, for whom Fitch was preparing illustrations for several books, and Hooker's daughter Harriet Ann Hooker Tizelton-Dyer intervened . [5] [6] She provided nearly 100 illustrations for publication between 1878-1880, helping to maintain the vitality of the magazine until the next major artist, Matilda Smith, who became a leading illustrator. [7]
Like Tiselton-Dyer, Smith was invited to the magazine by Hooker, who was her cousin. Between 1878 and 1923, Smith painted over 2,300 records for Curtis. Her exceptional contribution was to become the first botanical artist Kew, and later she became a member of the Linnaeus Society - the second woman to achieve this. The scientific value of drawings and illustrations, a source of pride and fame for the magazine, required careful preparation of illustrators. The artist worked closely with the botanist to depict the pattern, the use of details surrounding the image gave the volumes practical appeal to botanists, gardeners and gardeners.
The magazine is the greatest series of botanical illustrations, and the consistently high quality of the plates and the authority of the magazines make this work the most cited of its kind. Other 19th-century artists who contributed a lot to the magazine include Augusta Innes Withers and Anne Henslow Barnard , Joseph Dalton Hooker's daughter-in-law who was active between 1879 and 1894. [8] Hand-painted plates were a laborious process, but another chief illustrator, Lillian Snelling (1879–1972), continued from this tradition from 1921 to 1948. [9] After this time, a photomechanical process was carried out. In 1953, Nelly Roberts , starting the illustration, was to complete more than 5,000 images of orchids. [9]
Since then, it has been constantly published, changing its name to The Kew Magazine from 1984 to 1994. In 1995, the name returned to the name of the widely cited, Curtis's Botanical Magazine . It continues to be published by the Royal Kew Botanical Garden as a publication for those interested in gardening, ecology, or botanical illustrations.
The abbreviation for the magazine is Curtis's Bot. Mag. or Botanical Magazine in citing botanical literature.
Links
- ↑ 1 2 3 Biodiversity Heritage Library
- ↑ http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journals-list
- ↑ Review of Curtis's 'Botanical Magazine.' Series 1-3. Vols. 1–123. London, 1787–1897 (Eng.) // The Quarterly Journal: journal. - 1898 .-- July ( vol. 188 ). - P. 49-65 .
- ↑ Curtis's Botanical Magazine . University of Glasgow (October 2004). Date of treatment August 11, 2015.
- ↑ "Early New Zealand Botanical Art: Matilda Smith (1854-1926) . " University of Wellington website. Accessed 2015-08-17. Error in the footnotes ? : Invalid
<ref>: name “uw” defined several times for different contents Footnote error ? : Invalid<ref>: name “uw” defined several times for different content - ↑ Hemsley, W. Botting. "The History of the Botanical Magazine 1787-1904." In Index to the Botanical Magazine . London: Lovell Reeve & Co., 1906, pp. v-lxiii. Error in the footnotes ? : Invalid
<ref>: the name "index" is defined several times for different contents Error in footnotes ? : Invalid<ref>: the name "index" is defined several times for various contents - ↑ Kramer, Jack 1996. Women of Flowers: A Tribute to Victorian Women Illustrators . New York, Stewart, Tabori & Chang. ISBN 1-55670-497-6 Error in the footnotes ? : Invalid
<ref>: name “kramer1” defined several times for different content Footer error ? : Invalid<ref>: name "kramer1" defined several times for different content - ↑ Desmond, Ray, ed. Dictionary of British and Irish Botantists and Horticulturalists . CRC Press, 1994.
- ↑ 1 2 Catherine Horwood Gardening Women: Their Stories From 1600 to the Present on Google Books
Bibliography
- Martyn Rix: Curtis's Botanical Magazine Scientific Publications: Journals . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . - "Each four-part volume contains 24 plant portraits reproduced from watercolor originals." Date of treatment August 1, 2007. Archived July 6, 2007.
- Hugh Cahill. Case 3: William Curtis and The Botanical Magazine . Nature observed: The work of the botanical artist . King's College London (May 10, 2006). Date of treatment July 30, 2007.
- Curtis's Botanical Magazine. Kew . IPNI (July 2, 2003). - "Id: 18697-2." Date of treatment August 6, 2007.
- Julie Gardham Curtis's Botanical Magazine . Special Collections Department: Book of the Month . Glasgow University Library (October 2004). - "it is the oldest periodical in existence featuring colored plates, of which more than 11,000 have now been produced." Date of treatment August 6, 2007.
Links
- kew.org/science/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/publications/curtiss-botanical-magazine - Curtis's Botanical Magazine official site
- Journal page at Wiley-Blackwell website
- Issues 1984-vol. 1, Ne
- The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 1 . - Project Gutenberg , 2005-12-02. ; Vol. 2 ; Vol. 3 ; Vol. 4 ; Vol. 5 ; Vol. 6 ;
- DJVU scans of the First 20 issues . - University of Georgia .
- Curtis Botanical Images Digital Collection . Iowa Digital Library, University of Iowa
- Curtis's Botanical Magazine at the Biodiversity Heritage Library vols. 15 (1801) - 103 (1877)
- Curtis Botanical Images of Carnivorous Plants from the John Innes Center Historical Collection
- Glasgow university library
- Curtis's Botanical Magazine at HathiTrust Digital
- Curtis's Botanical Magazine at Wiley Online Library
- Curtis's Botanical Magazine at Botanical Scientific Journals