Degteriev

Timofei Grigorievich Degteryov and his descendants

The first of the famous representatives of the clan - Timofey Grigoryevich - headed the court of the boyar Lukyan Streshnev, whose daughter was the wife of the Russian Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich , the mother of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich . In 1635, Timofei Grigorievich bought a shop in Kaluga, and from this year begins the countdown of the trade business of the family.

In the early 1830s, Emperor Nicholas I declared the “most favored nation” regime for Russian merchants, who were supposed to revive trade in the Southwestern Territory . Among the many merchants who came to Kiev at that time were the Degterievs: the sons of the Kaluga merchant of the 2nd guild Nikita Afanasevich - Mikhail, Ivan and Peter. The Degteries had their “representation” here back in 1813 - it was then that Peter Degteriev acquired land on Podil from the Ilyinsky Church . Near the site of Peter Degterev appeared the estates of his brothers Mikhail and Ivan. The Old Believer “sense”, to which the Degteries belonged, recognized the superiority of the Orthodox church hierarchy, therefore they lived and traded in Kiev , without experiencing any religious oppression.

The trading business was continued by the sons of Mikhail, Ivan and Peter Degteriev - Parfeny and Timofey Mikhailovich, Peter, Nikita, Vladimir and Grigory Ivanovich and Rodion Petrovich. They founded in Kiev the first plant of copper , iron and cast iron products (since 1853 the plant belonged to R. Degtyerev), and on Podil " Degtyerev 's shop" .

The Degterievs trading company was one of the most famous in Ukraine , owned stores in Kiev, Minsk, Vilno (now Vilnius ), Tula , Berdichev . Two representatives of the clan - Parfeny Mikhailovich and his son Mikhail Parfentievich - played a significant role in the social and cultural life of the city.

Parfeny Mikhailovich Degterev

Parfeny Mikhailovich (1797–1837) did not have significant real estate in Kiev, which did not prevent him from running for the election of the mayor , the first after the abolition of Magdeburg law in 1834. On the second attempt (the results of the first elections were not approved by the military governor Vasily Levashov ) Parfeniy Degteryov on March 29, 1835 headed the Kiev City Duma . In addition, he was engaged in charity work - he was a member of the society for helping the poor. The sudden death of March 7, 1837 prevented him from establishing himself as chairman of the Kiev City Duma (1835-1837). Fate turned away from his cousins: Rodion's metallurgical plant went bankrupt, Timofey's shop did not give large profits.

Mikhail Parfentievich Degterev

Mikhail Parfentievich (1831-1898), continuing the work of his father, expanded a trading company whose commercial ties were traced from Siberia to the western borders of the Russian Empire. He had capital in the amount of 10 million rubles . From 1871 until the end of his life, he was the vowel of the Kiev City Council, from 1875 - a member of the accounting committee of the Kiev office of the State Bank , from 1881 - a member, from 1891 - deputy chairman of the Kiev Exchange Committee . He was chairman of the Council of Elders of the Merchants' Assembly.

Known for charity work. Since 1870 - a trustee of the Orphanage and the headman of the Alexander Nevsky Church at the Sulimov charitable institutions. Degterev's first big deal was the opening of an almshouse for 40 people. To do this, in 1883, he acquired a manor on Pokrovskaya street , 5 with a two-story house in the style of classicism, and made a bank deposit of 100 thousand rubles, for the interest from which an almshouse was supposed to exist. In the years 1884 - 1885, this charitable institution sheltered 63 people.

In 1892, Mikhail Degterev opened the so-called " widow's house ", with 45 apartments for the poor. For this project, a house was erected on Pokrovskaya Street , 1 according to the project of Vladimir Nikolaev , where poor widows and children lived in separate rooms, and utility rooms, in particular, the kitchen, were shared. This charitable institution, provided with one hundred thousandth capital for maintenance, lasted until Soviet times.

On March 18, 1893, the Kiev City Duma accepted Degteryev’s proposal to build a church on the territory of the Alexander Hospital at his expense. Already in May, Vladimir Nikolaev developed the project of the St. Michael's Church , and on June 18, 1895 the church was consecrated. Degterev spent 49,394 rubles on its construction.

Also, Mikhail Degteryov donated 40,000 rubles to a hospital for laborers, 15,000 rubles each for scholarships to students of the Polytechnic Institute and students of the Commercial School.

In his will, Degteriev donated real estate worth 2 500 000 rubles and about 2 million in securities and cash to Kiev for charity. He transferred two houses on Khreshchatyk to municipal ownership, allocated funds for the maintenance of the widow’s house and the Podolsk almshouse, bequeathed 50 thousand rubles to a hospital for laborers for the construction of a new building with 25 places, and appointed eight scholarships for poor students of two Podolsk gymnasiums and a real school, donated several thousand and valuable icons Florovsky and fraternal monasteries of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra , Elias , Intercession, Three Saints , St. George churches and monasteries and churches outside Kiev.

The main point in Degteryev’s will was the construction of a complex of charitable institutions after his death: an almshouse for 500 people, an orphanage for 60 people for children from 6 to 13 years old, and a children's shelter for 100 people for children under 6 years old. In addition, the will determined the source of funds for the maintenance of these institutions - the profit from the lease of buildings transferred by Degteriev to the ownership of the city. In September 1900, the construction of a complex of charitable institutions on the Staro-Zhytomyr Road on Lukyanovka began. The author of the project was the architect Vladimir Nikolaev, and the construction work was carried out by the company of Leo Ginzburg . On October 27, 1902, almshouses were opened. The complex consisted of 13 buildings, among which were: the main building with three buildings for 250 women, a building for men for 150 people, a department for chronically ill people for 100 people, a hospital for 30 people, 2 orphanages for 60 and 100 people. The complex also included the church of St. Michael, a kitchen, a laundry, a boiler room, a bathhouse, two icehouses, utility sheds, a vegetable garden and an orchard. In 1913, another orphanage for 100 people was completed.

Known in Kiev was the cousin of Mikhail Parfentievich Nikolai Timofeevich, founder of the library of the Merchants' Assembly.

• Charitable institutions of M.P. Degterev and the shelter of E.I. Degtereva for the decade of 1902-1912 K., 1913.
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• Markevich A.I. Kaluga merchants of Dekhtereva. - Odessa, 1891. - C. 24-26. (Russian doref.)
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When writing this article, the material was used in the article “ DEGTEROVI ” (author V.V. Kovalinsky) from the publication “ Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ”, available under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported license .