Shebeke art is an example of the intangible cultural heritage that has an artistic constructive form in Middle Eastern architecture and decorative arts. It has been used in the architecture of Azerbaijan since the 11th – 12th centuries. A masterpiece of decorative art is a plane consisting of small glass parts assembled by a craftsman with wood elements that glue each other without glue and nails. The main "secret" of this art is that between small tools there is a transfer of wooden parts with a protrusion and indentation, between which small glass pieces are inserted. Parts of the tree are made of hardwood - boxwood, walnut, beech, and oak. 6 Shebeke patterns, meaning the lattice, symbolize the Sun, the energy of life, the eternal flow of time and the infinity of the universe. [one]
Content
Shebeke structure
The surface dimensions of the shebeke can vary from a few square centimeters to several square meters, depending on the functional purpose of the objects. Depending on the connection with architecture, the work of Shebeke art can be classified in two directions: part of the architectural structure - a door, a window, a staircase and certain interior items such as a screen, a lamp, a chest, a wardrobe. [2] Since the basis of the ornament is made up of more precise geometric figures, there is another classification according to the compositions: “jafari”, “seckiz”, “onalta”, “gullyabi”, “shamsi”, “gel”, as well as “bendi-rumi” . [3]
Shebek Art in Azerbaijan
The word "shebeke" in translation from the Azerbaijani language means "network", "lattice". [four]
On the territory of Azerbaijan, shebek as a form of art was widespread in cities such as Sheki, Shusha, Ordubad, Baku, Ganja, Lankaran, Nakhichevan and Derbent ( Russian Federation ). [5] The main center of Shebek art is the city of Sheki, where this tradition is still presented in a purer, classical form. Here are concentrated samples of this art form of the XVIII-XIX centuries. A classic example of this type of art is the Palace of Sheki Khans , located in Sheki ( 1762 ). [6]
Shebeke art and its symbolism are somewhat different in the regions of Azerbaijan. For example, from the point of view of manufacturing technology, Ordubad masters preferred the simplicity of geometric shapes and the ascetic color scheme. However, despite this, stained glass is the main material in almost all regions of the country. [five]
Masters of Art
Bearers of Shebek art and its symbols are folk craftsmen. Of the famous folk artists, one can name Mehti Mehdiyev (XIX century), Shahbuzlu Abuzer Badalov (XVIII — XIX century), Abbasgulu Sheki (XIX century). The revival of this art in the twentieth century was promoted by Abdulguseyn Babaev (1877-1961), Ashraf Rasulov (1928-1997). [five]
At present, the development of art is facilitated by the son of Ashraf Rasulov - Tofig (1961) and his grandson Ilgar (1990). In addition to them, Soltan Ismailov (Sheki), Huseyn Mustafazade (Sheki), Jabir Jabbarov (Ordubad), Rafik Allahverdiyev (Shusha) stand out in this area. [5] [7]
Restoration
In the 50-60 years of the twentieth century, under the command of Ashraf Rasulov, the Palace of Sheki khans was first restored. [five]
In 2001, under the leadership of the master Jabir Jabbarov, the window shebekes of the mosques Juma and Ambaras (XVII-XVIII centuries) in Ordubad were restored. [five]
Huseyn Mustafazade in 2002-2004, according to an agreement with the German company Den Cmalcoh Ege MEK Gembelg GMB, participated in the restoration of the Sheki Khans Palace. As a result, the doors and windows of the palace were restored, as well as most of the ceiling. [eight]
In 2007, the architect Babek Shamilov reconstructed a number of public buildings. [five]
See also
- Azerbaijan
- Culture of Azerbaijan
- Shebeke
- Sheki Khans Palace
Notes
- ↑ AZƏRBAYCAN QEYRİ-MADDİ MƏDƏNİ İRS NÜMUNƏLƏRİNİN DÖVLƏT REYESTRİ unspecified . intangible.az. Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ Shebeke (Russian) (neopr.) ? . aquarells.ru (January 29, 2015). Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ A unique creation - shebeke. Discussion on LiveInternet - Russian Service of Online Diaries . www.liveinternet.ru. Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ Art of Shebeke: masterpieces without the use of glue and nails - PHOTO / VIDEO . Oxu.Az (June 18, 2019). Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 http://www.krable.com . Artproject: Art and Symbolism of Shebeke (English) . www.fondartproject.ru. Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ Shebeke . anl.az. Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ Sputnik. National treasure of Azerbaijan from Russian glass . Sputnik Azerbaijan. Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ azixantrop. Sheki Shebeke is an amazing art of ancient Azerbaijan . The oldest church in the Caucasus is the Albanian church of Kish, founded in the 1st - 2nd century. AD (November 20, 2012). Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
Literature
- Bretenitsky L. S., Weimarn B. V. .. Art of Azerbaijan IV — XVIII centuries. - M.: Art, 1976.
- Kerimov K. D. Wall painting. - B. Yazychi, 1983
- Mamed Zadeh. To the construction art of Azerbaijan. - Baku: Elm, 1983.
- Rud I.D., Tsukkerman I.I. Art and Information Theory. // Art and scientific creativity.-L. Science, 1972.