“Electronics MS 0511” (also known as “UK-NTs”) is a personal microcomputer, a Soviet educational computer (UK), designed for classrooms. Included in KUVT "Electronics MS 0202".
| Electronics MS 0511 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type of | Training computer |
| Manufacturer | |
| Date of issue | 1987 |
| Produced by | 1991 |
| CPU | 2 × KM1801VM2 |
| RAM | RAM 192 Kbytes, ROM 32 Kbytes |
| Data storage devices | HMD 5¼ inch compact cassette |
| OS | RAFOS , FODOS , RT-11 |
Developed by the Scientific Center Scientific and Production Association , Zelenograd . Chief Designer - A. E. Abramov, Deputy. GK A. N. Polosin [1] , leading developers: N. G. Karpinsky, A. I. Polovyanuk, O. L. Semichastnov, B. G. Beketov, A. D. Razvyaznev, I. O. Lozova, M I. Dyabin, V. L. Safonov, I. N. Selyanko, V. N. Dronov, V. G. Klischar and others [2]
KUVT MS 0202 was first introduced in early 1987, but many comments were made on it [3] . As a result, at the end of 1987, he was adopted by a state commission led by academician A.P. Ershov . Serially produced since the end of 1987 at the factories of the Ministry of Electronprom : Kvant (Zelenograd), Solnechnogorsk Electromechanical Plant (SEMZ), Mezon ( Chisinau ), Mion ( Tbilisi ), Nuklon ( Siauliai ), GP VTI ( Kharkov) and "AccountMash" (Svetlovodsk). According to some information [4] [1] , a total of about 310,000 computers were produced, the bulk of the machines in Zelenograd and Solnechnogorsk . About 22,000 classes of KUVT UKNTS were formed and delivered [1] . In 1991, the production of cars was discontinued due to a decrease in demand [1] - the first deliveries of KUVT based on IBM PC- compatible computers began.
In addition to the educational application, on the basis of the UKSC, process control systems, telegraph concentrators, accounting systems, railway ticket sales systems, and other systems were built [1] [5] .
Content
- 1 Electronics MS 0202
- 2 Specifications
- 3 Features
- 4 Software
- 5 Modernization
- 6 Literature and publications
- 7 notes
- 8 References
Electronics MS 0202
KUVT “Electronics MS 0202” (a set of educational computer equipment , also known as KVU [3] (a computer training complex), also known as “Electronics of the SC NC” [2] (educational computer of the Scientific Center [6] )) was intended for use in schools, technical schools, vocational schools and higher educational institutions [7] for teaching the basics of computer science and computer engineering and was called to replace KUVT-86 [3] .
“UK NTs” is a two-machine complex consisting of central and peripheral machines connected by a communication channel. [7] The complex consisted of a teacher’s workstation (RMP, central machine, CM) "Electronics MS 0511.02" and up to 12 student workplaces (RMU, peripheral machine, PM) "Electronics MS 0511.01" [6] connected by a local ring network. [7] Each workplace consists of a microcomputer Electronics MS 0511 and a monitor - monochrome (MS 6105) or color (MS 6106). The structure of the RMP included, in addition, a floppy disk drive ("NMMD-6022 Electronics", "MS 5309 Electronics" or "MS 5310 Electronics") and a printer (D-100, Epson FX-800, Robotron SM 6329.01 M) . RMU possessed a simplified microcomputer board that did not contain drive and printer controllers. [6]
The modification “Electronics MS 0202.04” included only the teacher’s workplace.
Specifications
The product "Electronics MS 0511" had three versions, differing in supply voltage and the presence of a network adapter controller:
- Electronics MS 0511 - supply voltage 42 V, controller CA U13.065.303
- Electronics MS 0511.01 - supply voltage 220 V, controller CA U13.065.303
- Electronics MS 0511.02 - supply voltage 220 V, no CA controller
Main technical characteristics [8] :
- Central processing unit (CPU): 16-bit KM1801VM2 at a clock frequency of 8 MHz, speed - about 600 thousand op./s
- Peripheral processor (PP): KM1801VM2, clock frequency of 6.25 MHz, speed - about 400 thousand op./s
- CPU memory: RAM - 64 Kbytes, available to the user - 56 Kbytes
- Software memory: RAM - 32 Kbytes, of which 22 kbytes are available for launching user subroutines, ROM - 32 Kbytes (four microcircuits of mask ROM 1801RE2 with indexes 205..208)
- Video memory - 96 Kbytes (3 blocks of 32 Kbytes)
- Display modes: text 24 lines of 10/20/40/80 characters each (character matrix - 8 × 11 pixels), graphic - 640 × 288 (lower horizontal resolution is provided by scaling 2, 4 or 8 times, which can be used separately to each line), 8 colors per line (from palette 16). 2 additional service lines are also displayed.
- Keyboard : "MS 7007 Electronics", 88 keys
- Dimensions: "Electronics MS 0511" - 448 × 290 × 80 mm
- Weight: 3.5 kg
- Power consumption: no more than 25 W
Design - monoblock; the system board, keyboard board, and power supply are housed in a plastic case that is combined with the keyboard.
Interfaces:
- Two video outputs (connected in parallel)
- Parallel port for connecting a printer and other devices via IRPR , IRPR-M (Centronics) interfaces
- Serial port “Joint C2” - a functional analog of RS-232 , with a fixed exchange rate of 9600 bps
- Interface for connecting a household tape recorder (exchange rate - 1200 bit / s)
- 60-pin regional connector for connecting devices using the MPI protocol to the CPU backbone. Almost the only device was the network adapter:
- Network adapter (for machines operating as part of the KUVT network of the UKRC [9] ). Built on the basis of BIS KR1801VP1-065. The local network is a two-wire ring , 57600 bps, with parity, the network address 1..63 was set by switches on the adapter board [10] .
- Two 48-pin connectors for connecting various peripheral devices to the software trunk, including:
- NMMD controller - device KMD UK (U13.065.013) based on BIS KR1801VP1-097 or −128
- an electronic disk (there were versions of 128 KB, 512 KB and 1 MB)
- various ROM cassettes with interpreters of the programming languages BASIC, FOCAL , etc.
The surviving documentation [11] mentions a modification of the UKSC Electronics MS-0512 . Differences from MS-0511:
- dimensions: 364 × 206 × 76 mm
- keyboard: 4.305.302
- ROM cassette interface - missing
There is no launch information for the series.
Features
A feature of the UKSC is a dual-line architecture with two identical KM1801VM2 processors. The central processor performs the tasks defined by the user programs, and the peripheral processor performs the logical functions of the controllers of the input-output devices (keyboard, display, etc.), but it can also be used to run custom tasks. Between the mains of the CPU and the PC, a high-speed byte parallel interface for exchanging commands and data is installed. In addition, register access to the RAM of the CPU for transferring data arrays between the mains against the background of the operation of the CPU was organized from the main line of the PC. A similar architecture is used in the DCK with a color graphic display controller (SCGD) .
Another feature of the UKSC is the organization of video memory in three plans of 32 Kbytes with access via registers. The number of plans used determines the number of simultaneously displayed colors: from 2 to 8 (out of a possible 16). Register access eliminates the need to allocate the main address space for video memory, but it slows down. To speed up the work, it is possible to use directly addressed random access memory as video memory. At the same time, unused video memory plans can be used to store data, for example, by organizing a virtual disk.
Apparently, many classes of the UKSC have low reliability [12] . Malfunctions of the prototypes were noted at the acceptance tests [13] , but these comments were not included in the final act of the commission. An audit conducted by the USSR People’s Control Committee showed that the MTBF of “Electronics MC0511” was less than 1 thousand hours [14] .
Software
The KM1801BM2 instruction system is a PDP-11 instruction system, with advanced arithmetic instructions (MUL, DIV, ASH, ASHC). The floating point arithmetic commands (FADD, FSUB, FMUL, FDIV) are implemented programmatically. Thus, the UKSC is partially compatible with PDP-11 and other computers of similar architecture, in particular, with some SM computers , the Electronics-60 series, DVK and BK . Full binary compatibility with these computers is not due to the difference in the organization of memory and input / output ports.
When you turn on the RMP, a boot menu appears. At RMU, downloading from the network immediately begins.
The software of the UKSC includes:
- operating system - RAFOS , RUDOS , FODOS (clones RT-11 ) or RT11SJ
- LAN control program for downloading programs from the RMP to the RMU through the network
- programming languages - BASIC ( Basic Vilnius , Turbo Basic by Oleg Gerasimov), Pascal , Modula-2 , C , assembler MACRO-11, Rapira , E-Workshop , Lisp , Logo , Prolog , Fort , Fokal , Fortran
- applied programs - text editors, spreadsheet, educational DBMS, etc.
- school subject curriculum
- text games - use only the capabilities of the text mode: "Kingdom of Euphoria", "Stalker", "Bartender", "Towns" and others.
- graphic games - “Goblin Castle” (clone of Lode Runner ), Hot Line ( Sokoban ), “Cat Fisher”, “Castle”, “Garden”, etc. [15]
- file manager "PAF Commander" A. Petrosyan
Almost all software was stored and distributed on 5-inch floppy disks . Almost the only known program distributed on the cartridge was the “cassette” version of Vilnius Basic [16] .
Upgrade
Since 1994, LINTech CJSC (“Laboratory of Information Technologies”) has been upgrading the UKSC classes. The development was called Net-Rt11 [12] [16] . An IBM PC- compatible computer with a special ISA board (based on a single-chip microcomputer i8751) connected to the UKSC network was used as the host machine, the network was upgraded. The development was based on a similar modernization for the Corvette KWT. As a result, the network speed increased to 375 Kbps, on the RMU it became possible to work in the RT-11 operating system with access to 8 logical drives up to 16 MB each. A total of 3,500 schools were modernized. [17] The price of class modernization in 1994 was $ 600.
For use in conjunction with Net-Rt11, Alter-West LLC offered its DOS-Line system [18] , which allows working with each RMU in Virtual PC mode, organizing multi-terminal operation in MS-DOS and Windows 3.11 . Net-Rt11 and DOS-Line were recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation for use in schools [19] .
Another modernization option is to use the UKSC as a terminal - through a joint C2, a special cable connects to the serial port of a Linux-based computer [20] .
In 1994-1995, the Electronic Works cooperative produced an adapter for connecting an IDE hard drive , made in the form of a standard expansion module. A 2.5 "laptop hard drive could be installed right inside this module. The co-op also proposed upgrading the NET128 network [16] .
An electronic disk based on BMK K1515XM1 and memory chips K565RU7 in the format of a standard expansion module was mass- produced.
Radio amateurs also connected MFM and IDE controllers to the UKSC for using external hard drives [21] [16] . There were also several options for connecting an "electronic disk".
Literature and Publications
- A.N. Polosin, N.G. Karpinsky, I.O. Lozova, A.I. Polovyanuk, O.V. Urgant, M.I.Dyabin. Educational computer "Electronics UK SC" // Microprocessor tools and systems . - 1986. - No. 6 . - S. 14-16 . - ISSN 0233-4844 .
- The journal Informatics and Education regularly published articles on the UKSC. There was a special section - “UKNC Club”. Recent publications date back to the year 2000.
- The journal “Personal Computer of the UKSC” [22] - was published in 1994-1995 by the publishing house Education and Informatics, then by the publishing house Computer. A total of 7 issues of the journal (No. 1-3'94 and No. 1-4'95) were issued.
- Laboratory of Information Technology. NET-Rt11 & DOS-Line V2.0, User Guide (1996). Date of treatment October 25, 2009. Archived on August 25, 2011.
- G.A. Batkov, O.A. Batkov. Computer UKNTS: reference book practice . - Moscow: “Computer”, 1996. - 112 p.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 B. Malashevich. Zelenograd household and school computers. The initiative is punishable by execution // ELECTRONICS: Science, Technology, Business. - 2008. - No. 7 . - S. 96-107 .
- ↑ 1 2 Boris Malashevich. 50 years of domestic microelectronics. Brief basics and development history. Issue 5 . - Litres, 2017-01-12. - S. 663. - 800 p. - ISBN 9785457737273 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 КУВТ УКНЦ: Prototype adopted // Computer Science and Education. - 1988. - No. 1 . - S. 3-7 .
- ↑ Dyakov Yu.N., Pivovarov A.V., Vasenkov A.A. The Scientific Center Association is 35 years old . Virtual computer museum.
- ↑ Electronics 0511 UDS
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chapter 5 Educational computer complex based on a personal microcomputer “Electronics UK SC” // Book 8. Microcomputers in educational institutions. - M .: Higher school, 1988. - (Microcomputer).
- ↑ 1 2 3 Polosin A.N., Karpinsky N.G., Lozova I.O., Polovyanuk A.I., Urgant O.V., Dyabin M.I. Educational computer "Electronics UK SC" // Microprocessor tools and systems: journal. - 1986. - No. 6 . - S. 14-16 .
- ↑ Electronics MS 0202 Book 3
- ↑ https://zx-pk.ru/threads/30300-kuvt-uknts.html?p=1006221#post1006221
- ↑ http://hobot.pdp-11.ru/BIBLIOTEKA/KLASS_UKNC/README
- ↑ An early version of the Technical Description of the UKSC Archival copy of November 21, 2008 on the Wayback Machine , contains information about Electronics МС-0512
- ↑ 1 2 I.I. Bystrov. “Net-Rt11” is a network system for the CCWT “UKNTs” with an IBM-compatible host machine. // Magazine "PC UKSC". - 1994. - No. 1 .
- ↑ Titov O. F. Report. 1987-10-01 - Contains information about the presented prototype KUVT, demonstrating low reliability in pilot trials.
- ↑ Zakharov V.N. School informatics in Russia - the technical base of the initial period . - 2011.
- ↑ World of UKSC games - screenshots of UKSC games
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 G.A. Batkov, O.A. Batkov. Computer UKNTS: reference book practice . - Moscow: “Computer”, 1996. - 112 p.
- ↑ LINTECH / Our history
- ↑ Alter West. Archive of developments of the company Alter-West :: DOS-Line (1998). - product information sheet. Date of treatment May 19, 2011. Archived on August 25, 2011.
- ↑ On the modernization of domestic KUVT “Corvette” and UKNTS - document of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation N 155/28 of May 13, 1996 . Russian education. Date of appeal March 28, 2016. (unavailable link)
- ↑ Working with Linux on the UK-NTs ( Caution! Information on the assignment of the contacts of the UKNTS cable on this page is incorrect )
- ↑ Materials for connecting hard drives . uknc.narod.ru. Date of treatment March 28, 2016.
- ↑ Contents of the journal "Personal Computer UKNTS" . Emuverse.ru. Date of treatment March 28, 2016.
Links
- UKNTS & PDP-11 - a collection of documents and software UKNTS
- Characteristics of personal computers "Corvette" and "Electronics UK-SC" ... , November 21, 1986
- Act of the State Commission for Testing the Basic Complex of Computational Training (HLC) "Electronics MS 0202" , 1987
- “КУВТ УКНЦ: the prototype adopted” - interview with A.P. Ershov, November 6, 1987
- Electronics МС0511.01 УКНЦ - photos
- UKNCBTL - open source code emulator UKNC
- A collection of 40v1 games for UKNC and UKNCBTL - an image of an 800kb diskette.
- Emulators UKNTS and DVK - an overview of emulators and games.
- The theme of the games is the discussion and publication of classic and modern game projects.
- A. G. North. UKSC - in the wake of state commissions - a critical article
- Archive of programs for computers UKNTS, DVK and BK.
- Materials on UKSC at Emuverse.ru
- UNIX OS on UK-NC