Viktor Konstantinovich Menshikov ( December 30, 1874 ( January 11, 1875 ), Znamenskoye-Panovka village, Laishevsky district - February 22, 1945, Kazan ) - pediatrician , collegiate adviser (1914), extraordinary professor at the Department of Pediatric Diseases of Tomsk State University , who had its composition clinic; from October 1911 he headed the children's clinic at the University of Kazan .
Viktor Konstantinovich Menshikov | |
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Date of Birth | December 30, 1874 ( January 11, 1875 ) |
Place of Birth | Laishevo County |
Date of death | February 22, 1945 (70 years) |
Place of death | Kazan |
Scientific field | pediatrics |
Content
Biography
Victor Menshikov was born on December 30, 1874 ( January 11, 1875 ) in the village of Znamenskoye-Panovka ( Laishevsky district ) in the family of a priest; in 1885, he graduated from the village Zemstvo school and entered the Second Kazan male gymnasium , from which he graduated in 1893. After receiving his secondary education, he became a medical student at the Imperial Kazan University : he completed his higher education in 1898 (with honors), receiving a doctor's degree. In his student years - starting from the third year - during the holidays he worked in a small homeland in a local rural hospital.
In 1899, Viktor Menshikov became a supernumerary ordinator of a children's clinic, which at that time was headed by Professor Peter Argutinsky-Dolgorukov . In the summer, while on vacation, Menshikov was in charge of the Verkhnytsinskaya hospital, which belonged to the Irbit Zemstvo of the Perm province: there he replaced a local doctor who became ill with typhus . Menshikov took part in the fight against the typhus epidemic in the province: thus, on his initiative, a temporary hospital was established at the expense of the Zemstvo in the epidemic area, and in the villages affected by the epidemic, they began to create catering facilities for the hungry population. For his successful struggle, he received thanks from the local zemstvo.
In 1900, Viktor Menshikov became a regular intern at the clinic; in 1902 he received the post of laboratory assistant at a children's clinic at the University of Kazan. In the summer of the same year, he made a trip to Moscow at his own expense, where he got acquainted with the tracheal intubation technique used in diphtheria croup at the children's hospital of St. Vladimir . In the same year, 1902, he was elected an assistant at the Kazan clinic.
In the summer of next year, Menshikov was sent on a scientific mission to Europe : during the trip, he familiarized himself with the work of children's hospitals in Berlin and Vienna . Thus, he was able to study the method of serotherapy for scarlet fever in the Esherich Vienna Clinic , working under the guidance of Dr. Moser, who proposed this method of treatment. After returning to Kazan, Menshikov became the first doctor in the Russian Empire , who was able to successfully apply this method. Working under the direction of Professor Ivan Savchenko at the Kazan Bacteriological Institute, Menshikov took part in the organization of the production of whey, used to combat scarlet fever. As a result, he published an article published in the 16th issue of the Russian Doctor newspaper for 1905.
In the summer of 1906, in 1907 - and then again in 1910-1911 - Viktor Menshikov visited the German Empire and Austria-Hungary , where he got acquainted with the latest methods of research and treatment of childhood diseases of the time. So at the Vienna Institute of Serotherapy, he conducted a study that confirmed the specificity of Bordetella pertussis in the etiology of children whooping cough . In addition, Menshikov became acquainted with the use of serum therapy in cerebrospinal meningitis , with methods for treating childhood tuberculosis and with radio diagnostics of tuberculosis in the initial stages of the disease. In addition, he became acquainted with several methods of artificial feeding babies.
In Strasbourg, Menshikov studied with Prof. V. Czerny, who specialized in children's dietetics. In 1906, Menshikov defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine - on the theme “To the bacteriology of measles ”; in this work, based on clinical material obtained while working in the clinic, he described a particular form of diplostreptokokka , which plays a significant role in the development of measles complications. The following year he became assistant professor of the department of childhood diseases; He also read a course of childhood diseases at a midwifery institute belonging to the University’s obstetric clinic. In 1909 he became one of the organizers of the Society for the Suppression of Child Mortality in Kazan.
Since October 1911, Viktor Menshikov was the head of the children's clinic: he taught a course on children's dietetics and childhood diseases. The following year, at the First All-Russian Congress of Pediatric Physicians, held in St. Petersburg , he made a presentation entitled “Dietary treatment of eating disorders in infancy”. In the same year he became an extraordinary professor at the university department of childhood diseases. In the summer of 1913 and in 1914 he was again sent on a scientific trip to Berlin, where he continued to work with Cherni.
During the First World War, Menshikov worked in the hospitals of the Red Cross. During the Civil War , in the fall of 1918, he was evacuated from Kazan to Tomsk , where he was seconded to a local university. From 1919 he was a private assistant professor at the Department of Children's Diseases at Tomsk University : he taught students a compulsory course on childhood diseases. At the end of the summer he moved to Irkutsk , where he became a member of the organization of the Irkutsk University - its medical faculty. In 1920, on the basis of the Ivano-Matreninskaya (Irkutsk) Children's Hospital, he founded the department of childhood diseases - and became the director of a new institution. In the same year he returned to Kazan, where until the end of his life he headed the department of childhood diseases. In the period from 1921 to 1922 he was also the deputy dean of the medical faculty. In 1927, at the Fourth Congress of Pediatric Physicians, held in Moscow, made a presentation "Nutrition in acute infections." In 1945 he received the title of " Honored Worker of Science of the TASSR " - in the same year his name was given to the children's clinic at the Kazan Medical Institute .
Works
In 1909 - during the outbreak of whooping cough - Menshikov conducted bacteriological studies in less than a hundred patients: he published the results in the same year in the newspaper “ Russian Doctor ”. A number of studies were devoted to the issues of nutrition and nutritional disorders in babies: Menshikov was engaged in both the study and the introduction into the practice of oil-flour and lactic acid formula. In total, he published over thirty publications:
- To the etiology of idiopathic posterior pharyngeal boils / [Op.] Ass. Clinics Century. K. Menshikov; From e-prof. IG Savchenko to Kazansk. bacteriol Ying-those from Kazan. childish Clinic prof. P.M. Argutinsky-Dolgoruky. - [St. Petersburg]: type. Y. Trey, qualification. 1905. - 5 p.
- To the bacteriology of measles / V. K. Menshikov; From e-prof. IG Savchenko to Kazan. bacteriol Ying-those from Kazan. children Clinic prof. P.M. Argutinsky-Dolgorukov. - Kazan: typ. Imp. University, 1906. [2], 170 p.
Notes
Literature
- Science and scientists of the USSR: a Handbook. ... L., 1928. Part 6 .: Soviet scientists without Moscow and Leningrad;
- Professor Viktor Konstantinovich Menshikov // Pediatrics. 1945. № 4;
- Agafonov A.F., Korovayev E.N. In memory of Professor Viktor Konstantinovich Menshikov. 1874-1945 // Proceedings of the Kazan State Medical Institute. Kazan, 1946. Vol. one;
- Abramova T. Ye. To the history of the development of pediatrics in Kazan // Kazan Medical Journal. 1964. № 5;
- Kazan University. 1804-1979: Essays on History. Kazan, 1979;
- Professor Viktor Konstantinovich Menshikov / O. I. Pikuza, F. G. Tazetdinova, N. K. Shoshina, I. G. Ziatdinov. - Kazan: KGMI, 1989 (1990). - 71, [1] s. : or; 20 cm. - (Outstanding Kazan. Medical scientists. Kazan. State. Medical Institute of them. S. V. Kurashov).
- Professors of Tomsk State University: Biographical Dictionary / S. F. Fominykh, S. A. Nekrylov, L. L. Bertsun, A. V. Litvinov. Tomsk, 1998. T. 2;
- Chugunova N. S. Menshikov Viktor Konstantinovich // Kazan University (1804–2004): Bibliographic Dictionary. Volume 1. 1804-1904. Kazan, 2002;
- Kazan State Medical University (1804–2004): Heads of Chairs and Professors: Biographical Dictionary / V. Yu. Albitsky, M. E. Guryleva, N. Kh. Amirov and others; by ed. V. Yu. Albitsky, N. Kh. Amirova. Kazan, 2004;
- Pages of the history of the Department of Children's Diseases of the Kazan Medical University: A teaching aid for students of medical universities / R. A. Faizullina, O. I. Pikuz, N. K. Shoshina, N. V. Olenev. Kazan, 2010;
- Professors of the Medical Faculty of the Imperial (State) University of Tomsk - Tomsk Medical Institute - Siberian State Medical University (1878–2013): Biographical Dictionary / S.F. Fominykh, S.A. Nekrylov, M.V. Gribovsky, G.I. Mendrina , A.I. Vengerovsky, V.V. Novitsky. 2nd ed., Rev. and add. Tomsk: Publishing house Tom. University, 2014. T. 2.
Archive sources
- Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). F. 733. Op. 155. D. 112;
- State Archive of Tomsk Region (GATO). F. P-815. Op. 1. D. 23;
Links
- Menshikov, Viktor Konstantinovich . Electronic Encyclopedia of Tomsk State University ( ISBN 978-5-7511-2329-1 ) . ed. S.A. Nekrylov (2018-12-8). The appeal date is June 29, 2019.