Nikolsky, Alexander Mikhailovich (otolaryngologist)

Alexander Nikolsky was born on June 11 ( 23 ), 1878 in Spassk , in the family of a parish priest of the Tambov province , who later became a hereditary honorary citizen. In 1902, after graduating from the Tambov Theological Seminary , Alexander was sent to study at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy at public expense. However, he preferred medicine and became a student of the medical faculty of Tomsk University : during his studies, starting from the third year, he received a scholarship from Eastern Siberia, amounting to 300 rubles a year, and then a scholarship named after the hereditary honorary citizen L. I. Kuznetsov (amounting to 250 rubles in year). As a fifth-year student, Nikolsky for the year served as a resident in a hospital surgical clinic (out of wage), headed by a professor, surgeon Platon Tikhov . Under the leadership of Tikhov, Nikolsky was engaged in the study of operative otorhinolaryngology .

In 1908, after graduating from the university with a doctor’s degree (with honors), Alexander Nikolsky was a laboratory assistant on November 15, and as an assistant assistant at the department of a hospital surgical clinic from October 15, 1910; May 22, 1912 he became an assistant at the department. In 1909, he successfully passed the exam for a doctor ’s degree in medicine , and in May 1912 he defended his dissertation on the topic “On ligation of the hypogastric and uterine arteries” ^[1] (“On ligation of art. Hypogastricae et uterinae”) for the degree of doctor of medicine. The defense took place on the board of the medical faculty of Tomsk University. In the same year, 1912, from June 1 to September 1, he was sent to Europe to study new methods for examining the esophagus, bronchi, and trachea in clinics in Berlin , Hamburg, and Stockholm . He also acquired medical equipment and surgical instruments for operations on ENT organs abroad.

On December 13, 1912, Alexander Nikolsky became a privat-docent at the department of a hospital surgical clinic, while remaining in the position of assistant. Since the fall of next year, he taught a practical course in operative otorhinolaryngology, tracheobronchoscopy and esophagoscopy for fifth year students; also conducted outpatient appointments. In the 1914/1915 academic year, he assisted in lectures by Professor Nikolai Bereznegovsky ; during the next two academic years, he assisted in practical classes for Professor Tikhov.

During the First World War, Alexander Nikolsky was seconded to the medical unit of the 13th Army on the Western Front (at the request of the Main Directorate of the Red Cross): he and his colleagues assisted in the treatment of soldiers injured during the use of chemical weapons . He was at the front from May 23 to October 1, 1915. In 1916, during the summer holidays, he traveled to the South-Western Front , where he worked in Bialystok - in the Tver Infirmary. During the Civil War , from May 27, 1918 to November 26, 1919, he taught a course on dislocations and fractures and headed the cabinet of diseases of the ear, throat, nose.

January 31, 1920 Nikolsky became an assistant professor, and since August - a professor in otorhinolaryngology (on the basis of a decree of the Council of People's Commissars ). On January 1, 1921, he, with the rank of professor, served as an assistant to the hospital surgical clinic; temporarily headed the hospital surgical clinic. In 1923 he became the permanent head of the department of the ear, throat and nose of Tomsk University - remained in this post until the end of his life. In 1921 he organized the first clinic in Siberia for diseases of the ear, throat and nose - becoming its first chapter. In 1924, ten beds were allocated for the clinic, which did not have its own premises. In 1931, the clinic was transferred to the building of faculty clinics: with an increase in places to fifteen.

In the period from 1925 to 1927, Alexander Nikolsky was the chief doctor of hospital surgical clinics in Tomsk; in 1925-1928 he was also elected chairman of the economic council of clinics. In 1923 and 1924 he was seconded to Moscow and Petrograd for the acquisition of surgical instruments and acquaintance with modern (including foreign) literature. He participated in the II All-Union (V All-Russian) Congress of Otorhinolaryngologists in Moscow (1927) and the III All-Union (VI All-Russian) Congress of Otorhinolaryngologists in Odessa (1929). In 1929 and 1930, he went to the resort of Karachi to study the methods of mud therapy . He took part in the work of the Society of Naturalists and Doctors. He died on April 14, 1933 from complications after surgery in connection with a duodenal ulcer .

Alexander Nikolsky was a general surgeon and proponent of active intervention in ENT diseases: he improved a number of surgical treatment methods. He studied neoplasms of the cavity and paranasal sinuses of the nose, larynx and nasopharynx . He assembled a collection of foreign bodies extracted from patients - the collection was the first such collection in Siberia . He is the author of about forty publications on surgery and otorhinolaryngology:

• On the issue of a breast transplant. B. m., 1906; Epithelial cysts of fingers and palms // Surgery. 1909. No. 149;
• To the question of primary limb cancer, osteoplastic hip amputation according to Sabaneyev and hatching of the shoulder girdle // Velyaminov Surgical Archive. 1910. Book 4;
• Congenital absence of the appendix and the case of its complete retroperitoneal position: Clinical significance of these anomalies // Russian doctor. 1916. No. 45;
• Esophagoscopy with foreign bodies in the esophagus: Clinical monograph. Tomsk, 1921;
• Hematomas and abscesses of the nasal septum // News of Tomsk University. 1924. Tomsk. 74;
• To surgery of the mastoid process: To the question of the so-called dangerous mastoid process // News of Tomsk University. 1925. No. 76;
• To the clinic of tracheobronchoscopy and esophagoscopy // Siberian archive of theoretical and clinical medicine. 1926. Volume 1. Book. four.

Alexander Nikolsky was married to Elena Alexandrovna (nee Zakharova, 1883-1924); the family had a daughter, Tatyana (1909-1992), who became a geologist , daughter Kira (born 1914), who graduated from Tomsk Medical Institute in 1940 and became an honored doctor of the RSFSR . The second marriage was married to Maria Alexandrovna (nee Nikitina, born 1891).

• Fetisov A.A. M. Nikolsky: Obituary // Red Banner (Tomsk). 1933.April 18;
• Krasilnikov Yu. I. Department of Otorhinolaryngology // Materials on the history of the departments of the medical faculty. 1888-1988. Tomsk, 1988;
• Coopert T. Yu. Tomsk Dynasties. XX century. Tomsk, 1996;
• Shanturov A.G., Shevrygin B.V., Mchedlidze T.P. Biographical Dictionary of the Figures of the Russian Otorhinolaryngology. Moscow, 1997;
• Professors of Tomsk University: Biographical Dictionary / S. F. Fominykh, S. A. Nekrylov, L. L. Bertsun, A. V. Litvinov. Tomsk, 1998.V. 2.

• State Archive of Tomsk Region (GATO). F. 102. Op. 1. D. 893;
• GATO. F. P-815. Op. 1. D. 53;
• GATO. F. P-815. Op. 1. D. 171;
• Archive of the Siberian State Medical University. Personal file of A. M. Nikolsky;
• Museum of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology (materials for the biography of A. M. Nikolsky);

• Nikolsky, Alexander Mikhailovich (neopr.) . Electronic Encyclopedia of Tomsk State University ( ISBN 978-5-7511-2329-1 ) . ed. S.A. Nekrylov (November 24, 2018). Date of treatment June 29, 2019.