Grezivodan ( fr. Grésivaudan, Graisivaudan ) - the middle part of the longitudinal hollow in France , separating the French Pre- Alps ( Vercors , , ) from the axial zone of the Alps ( , ) in the French Alps , between the cities of Grenoble in the south and Poncharra in the north. It is occupied by the Iser River Valley [1] . The length is more than 60 km. Grezivodan is one of the most developed areas of the French Alps. Agriculture (wheat, industrial crops); fruit growing, viticulture. Electrometallurgical and electrochemical industries (based on the use of hydropower).
| Grezivodan | |
|---|---|
| fr. Grésivaudan | |
 View of the Grezivodan Valley and the massif from the Range | |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 60 km |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| Region | Auvergne - Rhone - Alps |
| Areas | Ysera , Savoy |
The name Graisivaudan phonetically goes back to Gratianopolitanus [1] from the “Grazianopol district ” ( lat. Gratianopolitanus Pagus ) in the Roman city of ( Gratianopolis ) on the site of the modern city of Grenoble [1] . In the 14th century, in the district (bailey, fr. Bailliage ) of Grezivodan in the Dauphin province there was a significant Jewish community, which had its own controllers, making sure that Jews pay taxes in accordance with the size of their property. Every Jew was obliged to make a proper statement in the synagogue in the presence of community representatives: he was threatened with a khrem for the incorrect indication of property. A Jewish document of 6 Adar of 5106 (January 30, 1346) states that the officials of the Jewish communities of the Grezivodan district ( Hebrew גרישאבבדאן ), having taken the oath, vouched on behalf of all Jews that they would pay the Dauphin to the Viennese Umbert II part of the money necessary for him to manage the country, and will also carefully pay in his treasury and in the future all taxes and hardships that will be imposed on them by order of the authorities [2] .
Grezivodan is the cradle of hydropower . In 1869, the French engineer (1833-1904) built the first hydroelectric power station on the Isère River in Lancy ( Villard-Bonno ) [3] [4] . Aristide Berger advocated the use of large falls water energy accumulated in snows and glaciers [5] , and in 1867 introduced the term “white coal” ( houille blanche ) [6] - the driving force of water [7] . Around 1870, he began to build his paper mill in Lancy based on a 3,000-liter hydroelectric power station. with. [eight]
The main cities of the valley: Albertville , Montmelian , Moyaran , Poncharra, Grenoble.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Saussure, Ferdinand de . General Linguistics Course = Cows de linguistique generate / Edited by S. Bally and A. Séche; Per. with french A. Sukhotina. Under the total. ed. M.E. Ruth. - Yekaterinburg: Publishing House Ural. University, 1999 .-- 432 p. - ISBN 5-7525-0689-1 .
- ↑ Dofine // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. , 1908-1913. - T. 7. - St. 313-315.
- ↑ Shemetev A.A. International standards for innovation management . - 2014.
- ↑ M.A. Akivis and B.A. Rosenfeld. Eli Cartan, 1869-1951 . - M .: Publishing House of the Moscow Center for Scientific and Technical Education, 2014 .-- 325 p. - ISBN 978-5-4439-2005-4 .
- ↑ Nesteruk, Fedor Yakovlevich. The development of hydropower of the USSR / Acad. sciences of the USSR. Institute of Natural History and Technology. - M .: Acad. Sciences of the USSR, 1963. - S. 30. - 384 p.
- ↑ Essays on the history of technology in Russia. (1861-1917) / Ans. ed. B. A. Rosentreter; USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of Natural History and Technology. - M .: Nauka, 1973. - T. [1]: Mining, metallurgy, energy, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering. - S. 196. - 404 p.
- ↑ Fedorov, A.I. White Coal // Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Literary Language: about 13,000 phraseological units. - 3rd ed., Rev. - M .: AST: Astrel, 2008 .-- 878 p. - ISBN 978-5-17-049014-1 .
- ↑ High-pressure water as a driving force and the benefits of its use for the production of electric energy // Electricity: theoret. and scientific. journal / VI Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society. - SPb. , 1895. - No. 1 (24) . - S. 249 . - ISSN 0013-5380 .
Literature
- Grezivodan // Gogol - Debit. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1972. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 7).
- Grezivodan // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. , 1908-1913. - T. 6. - St. 764.