Woodwilles

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Woodville ( Woodville , eng. Woodville ) - a noble English genus, known in the XII-XV centuries. There are also spellings of Videville ( eng. Wydeville ) and Vivil ( eng. Wiville ).

Content

History

Originally the genus was rather modest. The first news of the representatives of the House of Woodville refers to the XII century. In the XII and XIII centuries there are only a few mentions of the representatives of the genus. In 1130, Robert Woodville ( angl . Rob de Widuilla ), who owned property in Dorsetshire and Yorkshire / Northumberland, was mentioned in the . Also in the in 1166, 1167 and 1210 there are references to several representatives of the clan who lived in Leicestershire and Yorkshire. Originally, the writing of the generic nickname was Vivil ( English Wiville ), later it was transformed into Videville ( English Wydeville ). In modern transcription, the genus is called Woodville ^[1] .

The genealogy of the first representatives of the genus can be reliably established only from the XIV century - from Richard Woodville (c. 1310 - after July 1378), who owned the Grafton estate in Northamptonshire . His son, John, through marriage, acquired the Biddenham estate in Bedfordshire . However, after the death of his eldest son, Thomas Woodville, in about 1435, 2 sisters of Thomas became the heirs of this property in Bedfordshire, but not their half-brother Richard ^[1] ^[2] .

This Richard Woodville, the youngest son of John Woodville of Grafton, made an outstanding military and administrative career. Some sources claim that he was allegedly raised with King Henry V. As captain, he participated in the military campaigns of Henry V in France in 1415 and 1417. He later served as regent, John, Duke of Bedford . In the years 1417-1435 he was almost always in France, where he held various positions. Returning to England, where he already had an estate in Maidstone , he inherited after the death of his brother Grafton in Northamptonshire. He was never a knight; he died around December 1441. His only son, Richard Woodville , became his heir ^[1] ^[2] .

Richard, like his father, served the Duke of Bedford, becoming a knight in 1435. After the death of his master, by March 1437, he secretly married his wife, Jacquette of Luxembourg , which displeased her relatives and King Henry VI . Richard was forced to pay a large fine, but thanks to the marriage, his ascent began. In addition, he could profitably marry his older children. He himself began to receive appointments to prominent positions, on May 9, 1448, received the title of Baron Rivers , and in 1450 he became a knight of the Order of the Garter . Why he got this particular title is unknown, it is possible that he was related to the former title holders of Baron Rivers, however, these connections cannot be traced from the sources that have been preserved ^[2] .

During the War of Scarlet and White Rose, he was a supporter of the Lancaster, but after their defeat and coronation to the English throne of Edward IV, he retained his position, becoming in 1463 a member of the royal council, although his influence was not very large. That all changed in 1464, when his eldest daughter Elizabeth , who had been widowed by that time, secretly married King Edward IV, which served as a new impetus for the rise of the Woodville. Richard himself on May 25, 1466 received the title of Count Rivers, and also became the treasurer and constable of England. In addition, the king generously provided the brothers and sisters of his wife: the unmarried daughters of Count Rivers in 1464-1467 were married to representatives of the English nobility, one of his sons became the bishop, the other married the widow of Duke Norfolk. However, the rapid rise of the Woodville caused discontent among the nobility, especially Earl Warwick . After Warwick rebelled against the king, the royal army was defeated on July 26, 1469 at the Battle of Edgecote Moore . Earl Rivers and his son John were captured and executed ^[2] .

Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl of Rivers , did not inherit his position after the death of his father. He was one of the tutors of Prince Edward , but after the death of Edward IV he was accused of conspiracy against the brother of the deceased, Duke of Gloucester (who became king under the name of Richard III ), was captured and executed on June 25, 1483. Despite several marriages, he did not leave the children, like his brothers. After the death in 1491 of Richard Woodville , for whom, after the accession to the throne of Henry VII in 1485, the title of Earl Rivers was restored, the male line was lost ^[3] .

Genealogy

Richard de Videville from Grafton (c. 1310 - after July 1378), Northamptonshire's High Sheriff; 1st wife: Ne; 2nd wife: Elizabeth Lyons , daughter of John Lyons of Warquot, widow of Nicholas Chetworth ^[1] .
- (from 1st marriage) John de Videville from Grafton (c. 1341/1443 - after September 8, 1403); 1st wife: Katherine Fermbrend , probably John Fermbrand's daughter from Bidenham (Bedfordshire); 2nd wife: until 1379 Isabella , daughter of John, widow of Robert Passlow from Drayton Parslow ^[1] .
  - (from 1st marriage) Thomas Videville from Grafton (died 1435); 1st wife: Elizabeth ; 2nd wife: Alice ^[1] .
  - (from 2nd marriage) Richard Woodville of Grafton (died ca. December 1441); wife: Ne, possibly the daughter of John Bedlisgate and Ne Bosch of Wellington, Somerset ^[1] .
    - Richard Woodville (c. 1405 - August 12, 1469), 1st Baron Rivers from 1448, 1st Earl of Rivers from 1466; wife: from February 6, 1436/23 March 1437 Jacquetta (Jacobina) Luxemburg (c. 1416/1417 - May 30, 1472), daughter of Pierre I , Count de Brienne , de Conversano and de Saint-Paul , and Margherita de Bou, John's widow Lancaster , Duke of Bedford ^[1] .
      - Elizabeth Woodville (c. 1437 - June 8, 1492); 1st husband: with approx. 1452 John Gray of Growby (c. 1432 - February 17, 1461), 7th Baron Astley from 1457; 2nd husband: from May 1, 1464 to Edward IV (April 28, 1442 - April 9, 1483), king of England in 1461–1470 and 1471–1483 ^[1] ^[4] .
      - Anne Woodville (c. 1438 - July 30, 1489); 1st husband: William Bourshier (died April 14, 1471), Viscount Bourthier; 2nd husband: Edward Wingfield ; 3rd husband: until June 26, 1480 George Gray (c. 1454 - December 25, 1505), 2nd Earl of Kent from 1490 ^[1] .
      - Margaret (c. 1439 - until March 6, 1491); husband: from October 1464 Thomas Fitzalan (1450 - October 25, 1524), 17th Earl of Arundel since 1487 ^[1] .
      - Anthony Woodville (c. 1440 - June 25, 1483), 2nd Earl of Rivers from 1469 ^[1] ^[3] .
      - Mary Woodville (c. 1443 - up to 1481); husband: from September 1466 to William Herbert (March 5, 1455 - July 16, 1491), 2nd Earl of Pembroke in 1469–1479, 2nd Baron Herbert from 1469, 1st Earl of Huntingdon from 1479 ^[1] .
      - John Woodville (c. 1445 - August 12, 1469) ^[1] .
      - Jacquette Woodville (1445-1509); husband: John le Strange (c. 1440 - October 16, 1477), 8th Baron Strange from Nockin from 1449 ^[2] .
      - Lionel Woodville (c. 1450/1455 - 1484), Bishop of Salisbury ^[5] ;
      - Edward (d. 1488) ^[6] .
      - Richard (d. March 6, 1491), 3rd Earl of Rivers from 1485 ^[1] .
      - Thomas Woodville ^[1] .
      - John Woodville (died in infancy) ^[1] .
      - Lewis Woodville (died in infancy) ^[1] .
      - Catherine (c. 1457/1458 - 1497); 1st husband: from 1466 Henry Stafford (September 4, 1455 - November 2, 1483), 2nd Duke of Buckingham from 1460; 2nd husband: until November 7, 1485 Jasper Tudor (c. 1431 - December 21, 1495), Earl of Pembroke from 1453, Duke of Bedford from 1485; 3rd husband: until February 24, 1496 Richard Wingfield from Kimbolton Castle ^[1] ^[7] ^[8] .
      - Martha Woodville (died ca. 1500); husband: John Bromley ^[1] .
      - Joanne Woodville (died ca. 1512); husband: Anthony Gray of Ratin (d. 1480) ^[1] .

Notes

↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ ¹⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁶ ¹⁷ ¹⁸ ¹⁹ ²⁰ ²¹ WYDEVILLE FAMILY (Eng.) . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
² ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ Hicks M. Woodville (Wydeville), Richard, first Earl Rivers // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
² ¹ ² Hicks M. Woodville (Wydeville), Anthony, second Earl Rivers // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Icks Hicks M. Elizabeth (née Elizabeth Woodville) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Oms Thomson JAF Woodville, Lionel // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
↑ Wilkins CP Woodville, Sir Edward // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Ies Davies CSL Stafford, Henry, second duke of Buckingham // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
↑ Robertson ML Wingfield, Sir Richard // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Literature

Scotland, Ireland, United Kingdom / Edited by GH White. - 2nd edition revised. - 1949. - Vol. Xi. Rickerton to Sisonby.
Hicks M. Woodville (Wydeville), Richard, First Earl Rivers // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Hicks M. Elizabeth (née Elizabeth Woodville) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Links

WYDEVILLE FAMILY (English) . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
WOODVILLE (English) . Tudorplace. The appeal date is June 23, 2019.

[FGM-1] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ ¹⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁶ ¹⁷ ¹⁸ ¹⁹ ²⁰ ²¹ WYDEVILLE FAMILY (Eng.) . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. The appeal date is June 23, 2019.

[OxfordDNB_WydevilleRichard-2] ² ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ Hicks M. Woodville (Wydeville), Richard, first Earl Rivers // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[OxfordDNB_Anthony-3] ² ¹ ² Hicks M. Woodville (Wydeville), Anthony, second Earl Rivers // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[OxfordDNB_Elizabeth-4] Icks Hicks M. Elizabeth (née Elizabeth Woodville) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[OxfordDNB_Lionel-5] Oms Thomson JAF Woodville, Lionel // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[OxfordDNB_Edward-6] Wilkins CP Woodville, Sir Edward // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[OxfordDNB_Stafford-7] Ies Davies CSL Stafford, Henry, second duke of Buckingham // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[OxfordDNB_Wingfield-8] Robertson ML Wingfield, Sir Richard // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.