Mukhakkak ( Arabic: محقّق - “correct”) is one of the six traditional Arabic scripts [1] [2] (al-aklam as-sitta) .
Muhakkak is one of the handwritings based on the principle of proportional writing (al-hatt al-mansub) , developed by the Abbasid vizier and calligrapher of Persian origin, Ibn Mukla (886–940). Ibn Mukla founded his proportional system around two main forms - a circle whose diameter is equal to the height of the letter aliph ( ا ), and a diamond-shaped point (nukta) , which is created with one stroke of the tip of the reed feather [3] . In various handwritings, the height of the aliph is equal to a different number of points-nucts. In handwriting, muhakkak alif is equal to nine [4] (or eight [5] ) points. Muhakkak has a handwriting of ¼ rounded lines and он straight lines (that is, it is straightforward), which makes it look like the style of kufi and ma'kili. The handwriting of Raikhan , which is a reduced version of Muhakkak, has the same proportions [6] .
Notes
- ↑ I. Ermakov, D.V. Mikulsky. Islam in Russia and Central Asia . - Lotus, 1993 .-- S. 57 .-- 271 p.
- ↑ Adam Gacek. The Arabic Manuscript Tradition: A Glossary of Technical Terms and Bibliography . - BRILL, 2001 .-- P. 119. - 269 p. - ISBN 9789004120617 .
- ↑ Ekhtiar, 2018 , p. 29-30.
- ↑ Osborn, 2008 , p. 126.
- ↑ Kumi, 2016 , p. 60.
- ↑ Kumi, 2016 , p. 61.
Literature
- Maryam D. Ekhtiar. How to Read Islamic Calligraphy . - Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018 .-- P. 29. - 156 p. - ISBN 9781588396303 .
- JR (Wayne) Osborn. The Type of Calligraphy: Writing, Print, and Technologies of the Arabic Alphabet. - University Of California, 2008 .-- 397 p. - ISBN 9780549517696 . * Qazi Ahmad b. Husayn al-Husaini Kumi. A treatise on calligraphers and artists / trans. with pers., app., comm. and note. O.F. Akimushkina. - Sadra, 2016 .-- 486 p. - (Classics of Oriental Studies). - ISBN 9785906859945 .