Monetary reform of Kyrym Gerai - monetary reform in the Crimean Khanate carried out by Kyrym Gerai (reign of 1758-1764 and 1768-1769) during the first period of reign in 1758 (1172 according to Hijra). The goal of the reform was to bring the silver content closer to the identical coins of the Ottoman Empire.
Content
Reasons for Reform
At the beginning of the reign of Kyrym Gerai, the monetary business of the khanate, like its entire economy, was in deep decline. The monetary system was represented by two denominations: acce and bezhelik (5 acce), which were made of base silver. Moreover, the minting of Akche by the predecessors of Kyrym ( Arslan and Halim ) was very limited and had a purely symbolic character. During this period, the coins of the Crimean Khanate were the subject of total smuggling in the Ottoman Empire. Indeed, in terms of size and denomination, they coincided with the Ottoman, and in silver purity they were very inferior. This negatively affected the financial system of the Crimean Khanate, since it required the constant minting of new coins to normalize the money supply in circulation. Despite its vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire without formal inclusion in its composition, their economies were interconnected. An important role in the economy of the Khanate was played by the exchange rate of local coins for Ottoman. Directly before the reign of Kyrym during the time of Arslan and Halim, the course was as follows [1] :
| Crimean coins | Ottoman coins |
|---|---|
| 1 acce (actual weight 0.16-0.3 g. Arslan / Halim coins (1748-1758 gg.) | 0.2 acce |
| 1 beshlik (actual weight 0.43-0.74 g. Of Arslan / Halim coins (1748-1758) | 1 acce |
| 1 kurush (as a monetary unit) | 1/6 chicken |
Minimize Reform
The main obstacle to the reform was the lack of silver sources in the Crimean Khanate (there were no mines, and the capture and sale of slaves in the 18th century decreased). Kırym Gerai ordered geological exploration in the Crimean and Caucasian mountains to search for minerals and precious metals. However, they were not within the influence of the Crimean Khanate. After the removal of Kyrym Geray from power, the monetary reform initiated by the khan was curtailed by his followers [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Choref, 2011 .
- ↑ Gaivoronsky, 2003 .
Literature
- Gayvoronsky O. Constellation Geraev. Brief biographies of the Crimean khans. - Simferopol: Share, 2003. - ISBN 966-8295-31-5 .
- Choref M. M. On the issue of the circulation of foreign coins in Crimea in the XVI– XIX (rus.) // MAIASK. - 2011. - No. 3 . - S. 359-370 .
- Aliev R. D. The collection of coins of the Crimean Khanate from the funds of the switchgear "Bakhchisarai historical and cultural reserve." // V: Naumenko V.E. (ed.-Sost). V scientific readings in memory of U. Bodaninsky: abstracts of reports and reports of the international scientific conference (Bakhchisaray, October 23-27, 2013). Simferopol: Antikva, 12 .. - 2013.