Ayrum ( Azerb. Ayrımlar ) is a Turkic tribe [1] , an ethnographic group of Azerbaijanis living in the west of Azerbaijan , in the mountains, from Lake Goygol to the Akstafa River [2] . They speak the Ayrum dialect of the western dialect group of the Azerbaijani language .
Content
Origin
According to the Azerbaijani researcher M. Veliyev-Baharly , the ancestors of the Ayrum were the Asia Minor Turks, who after the defeat of their state in Anatolia in 1301 found refuge in the Transcaucasus. The orientalist V.F. Minorsky and the Soviet historian I.I. Meshchaninov believed that the Ayrum migrated from Persia during the Persian-Turkish war in the 17th century. Azerbaijani Soviet scientists A. Alekperov and K. Karakashli put forward the thesis about the autochthonous origin of ayrum, which each of them justified in its own way [2] . Subsequently, Alekperov’s hypothesis was criticized as not being confirmed in historical reality [3] . According to the Great Russian Encyclopedia, ayrums can be descendants of Turkized Orthodox Armenians, and their name goes back to the Armenian high-choir (lit. - Armenian-Greeks) [4] .
Abundance and resettlement
Ayrum live in the west of the modern Republic of Azerbaijan and inhabit the following areas: Kedabek , Dashkesan . [4] .
History
At the end of the 16th century, ayrums were divided into two parts: one moved to the territory of Persian Azerbaijan and here received the name Shahsevan from Shah Abbas, and the other remained in its old place and formed several genera or tribes: ayrums, saatly, ahsahly or cholahly [2] .
After the Turkmanchay Treaty of 1828, according to which Persia ceded to Russia Erivan and Nakhichevan , Abbas Mirza , the crown prince who appreciated the fighting ability of the Turkic tribes, inspired by several Turkic tribes living in the region, allowed them to settle in the southern part of the Araks River , offering them as rewards fertile lands and lush pastures. One of them was the Ayrum tribe, who moved from the possessions of their ancestors in the immediate vicinity of Gyumri (now a city in Armenia ) to Avajig, an area west of Maku [1] .
According to the administrative division of the times of the Russian Empire, the bulk of the Ayrum population lived in the Elizavetpol district (it was divided into six Magals, of which the Ayrum Magal were mainly Ayrum villages), in the Jevanshir district - Ayrumy, Saatly; in Kazakh - Boganis-Ayrum, Polad-Ayrum, Shinik-Ayrum; in Javad - Saatli; in Lankaran - Akhsakhly; in Nukhinsky - Cholakhly [2] .
The ayrums who had gone to Persian Azerbaijan occupied the Ardabil province in it under the name of the Shahsevan. From here they subsequently crossed the borders of Transcaucasia and initially based on Mugani , then scattered throughout Azerbaijan [2] .
In the Gazakh region of Azerbaijan, there is the village of Gushchu Ayrym ( azerb. Quşçu Ayrım ), and Baganis Ayrym (azerb. Bağanis Ayrım), in the Barda region, the village of Saatli (azerb. Saatlı), in the Shamkir region, the village of New Goycha (azerb. Yeni Göyçə) , in Tauz - the village of Molla Ayrym, and in Kelbajar - Ashagi Ayrym ( Azeri Aşağı Ayrım ) [5] , and Yukhary Ayrym (Azerb. Yuxarı Ayrım) in Armenia, the city of Ayrum , and Gegharkunik marz (Azerb. Göyçə mahalı) the name of the memory of the airlums that inhabited it.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 P. Oberling. Āyrīmlū (English) // Encyclopædia Iranica . - 1987. - Vol. Iii . - P. 151-152 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Agaev G.D. Population of Azerbaijan by the Turks. Ethnoponymy data on the resettlement of Turkic-speaking tribes in Azerbaijan of the 11th-15th centuries Part 1. // Ethnic onomastics: collection of articles. - M .: Science , 1984.
- ↑ Ethnographie soviétique p. 184. Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1961). Date of treatment February 13, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Airums // Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vol.] / Ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov . - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- ↑ Asagi Ayrim, Azerbaijan Page
Links
- Ayrumlu in Encyclopædia Iranica
- Population of Azerbaijan by Turks Ethnoponymy data on the resettlement of Turkic-speaking tribes in Azerbaijan in the 11th-15th centuries (part 1).