Pood is an obsolete unit of measurement of the mass of the Russian system of measures . Since 1899, one pound has been equal to 16.3804964 kg.
- 1 pood = 40 pounds = 1280 lots = 3840 spools = 368 640 shares .
- 10 pounds = 1 Berkovets .
- since 1899, in accordance with the “Regulation on Weights and Measures of 1899”, one pound was equated to 16.3804964 kg [1] , in the “Comparative Tables” of 1902 the value was indicated as 16.380496 kg [2] . Based on the basic ratios legalized in the USSR between old Russian measures and metric (1 pound equals 0.40951241 kilograms ), [3] [4] [5]
Content
Etymology
The name pud goes back to the pre-Slavic form * pǫdъ. The pre-Slavic word is borrowed from the late Lat. pondō - “pound”, which, in turn, comes from the earlier Latin expression lībra pondō - “pound by weight”, where pondō - old source case from the word pondus - “weight” [6] .
History
At the first mention of the pud, in the charter of the Novgorod prince Vsevolod Mstislavich , this community of merchants-waxmen “ Ivanovskoe hundred ”, who sold wax and honey when they handed over to them the Church of St. John the Baptist on Petryatin’s courtyard in Novgorod , in 1134 , said:
| I give St. Ivan the Great from my great name on the structure of the church and for centuries the weight of waxed, and in Torzhok Pud waxed |
This shows [7] that the pud was different from the weight, which for Novgorod was set in the form of Berkovsk . In the XII century, the pud represented a certain unit. So, in the Novgorod First Annals, under 1170, it says:
| kuplyahu ... honey 10 kun Pood |
Of particular importance [7] is the word pud in the Smolensk Treaty of 1230 with Riga :
| It is also a wax Pood to be distorted, to lay a drop in the holy Mother of God, then that Pud has deceived |
Here [7] Pud can be understood generally in terms of weight, although it, as a unit, could be part of the kapi . The trading book explains:
| to Pood of steelyards 16. - To Pood of hryvnias 40 large pounds, and small hryvnias 80 |
According to Magnitsky's “Arithmetic”: Pood = 40 pounds = 30 Ansyr [7] .
Diodorus of Sicily has information [7] that 360 golden bowls, each weighing 2 mines , amounted to 30 talents . Therefore, in the talent of gold there were 24 mines, according to the number of which the Alexandrian talent (centner, centinar) was equal to 2½ talents of gold. The mine of Alexandrian talent was equal to 20 Roman ounces , and the mine of large (filetered) talent = 30 ounces. Transferring 24 mines from the first weight to the second, we get 16 min of great talent for gold talent. This, firstly, is quite suitable for dividing a pound into 16 steelyards and, secondly, it is consistent with dividing a cocktail into 2½ pounds (according to the charter of military affairs and according to Magnitsky's “Arithmetic”). Thus, there is a reason to produce pood from Greek gold talent [7] .
Under Ivan the Terrible, it is prescribed to weigh the goods only with the poods, and the Novgorod Charter allows you to have only "small" scales in houses that lift only up to ten pounds, adding: "however, nothing to sell or buy to anyone on these small scales".
According to the Law on Weights and Measures of 1797, it was prescribed to make spherical weights weighing 1 and 2 pounds, 1, 3, 9, 27 pounds and 1, 3, 9, 27, 81 spools .
Replacement per kilogram
It was abolished in the USSR in accordance with the decree “On the Introduction of the International Metric System of Weights and Measures”, signed by V. I. Lenin in 1918, [8] but is sometimes found in materials on the production of agricultural products (mainly grain). Pound weights (rounded to whole kilograms) are still used in kettlebell lifting .
See also
- Weight
- Pudovo
- Pudova
Notes
- ↑ According to the law of 1899, one pound was equal to 0.40951241 kg, see One Hundred Years of State Service of Weights and Measures in the USSR . Gos. Publishing House of Technical Theory. literature, 1945.S. 49.
- ↑ Russian metrology of the XI — XIX centuries. NWTU (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Translation of old Russian measures into metric. Miscellanea. // V. Bradis . Four-digit math tables for high school. - 24th ed. - M .: Uchpedgiz, 1953.- 64 p. - S. 55.
- ↑ Karasѐv S.V. and others. Textbook for the study of social and humanitarian disciplines. Archived May 12, 2014. - S. 155.
- ↑ N.V. Fedorova Useful tips. - M.: Book on demand. - S. 470.
- ↑ Walde A., Hofmann JB Lateinisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. - T. I, Heidelberg, 1938, p. 795 (lībra), vol. II, Heidelberg, 1954, p. 278 (pondus).
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pood, unit of weight // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ No. 725. Decree of the Council of People's Commissars. On the introduction of the International Metric System of Weights and Measures. (September 14, 1918). Date of treatment May 24, 2015