Felix Candela Outerinho (Spanish: Félix Candela Outeriño , * January 27, 1910 Madrid ; † December 7, 1997 Durham , North Carolina ) - Spanish and Mexican architect, later worked in the USA .
| Felix candela | |
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| Second last name in Spanish name | |
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| Rewards Received | [d] ( 1981 ) Honorary Doctor ( 1978 ) Honorary Doctor ( 1978 ) [d] ( 1985 ) Honorary Doctor ( 1994 ) Honorary Doctor [d] ( 1961 ) |
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Life and work
F. Candela studied architecture at the Higher Technical School of Architecture ( Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (ETSAM) at the Polytechnic University of Madrid from 1927 to 1935. Then he continued his studies at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando , together with Eduardo Robles Picker and Fernando Ramirez de Dampier. Later, Candela met with the architect Eduardo Terroha and his method of constructing concrete vaulted ceilings. To complete his diploma work in the construction of concrete structures of commercial type received from the academic and San Fernando a scholarship for a trip to Germany, but did not have time to use it. Since the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, the young architect was sent to the Republican Army as an officer-engineer.
With the end of the war, F. Kandera ends up in a camp for displaced persons near the French Perpignan, and from there leaves in 1939 as a political refugee in Veracruz, in Mexico. In 1940, he marries Eladia Martin, and in 1941 receives Mexican citizenship. In Mexico, the professional activity of F. Candera begins in Acapulco, where he designs a number of residential buildings and hotels. In 1950, he, together with his brothers Fernando and Raul Fernandez Rangeli, founded the company for the construction of concrete structures “Cubiertas Ala”. In 1953, Candela became a professor of architecture at the National Autonomous University of Mexico ( UNAM ). In 1961-62, he collaborated as a lecturer at Charles Elliot Norton's lectures at Harvard University.
In 1971, F. Candela moved to the United States, and in 1978 became a US citizen. Here he receives a professorship at the University of Illinois, in Chicago. Since 1979, Candela has been an adviser to the architectural firm Intelligent Desighn and Evolution Awareness Center (IDEA Center) . F. Candela was awarded numerous prizes in the field of architecture, was a member of a number of international architectural unions, including since 1992 - chairman of the International Academy of Architecture.
Buildings and Projects
Known as a master and designer of concrete arcade structures ("hyperbolic paraboloids"), looking very elegant, airy vaulted buildings, the construction of which is quite simple in design and relatively low cost. The primary pilot project in this area was the “Cosmic Ray Pavilion” ( “Pabellón de los Rayos Cósmicos” ) built in 1950-1951, after which structures similar in technical solution were erected in the capital of Mexico. Founded in 1950, Cubiertas Ala, a company specializing in vaulted, arched concrete structures, has completed over 300 orders for the construction of buildings and structures, including in collaboration with architects such as Fernando Lopez Carmona and Enrique de la Mora. Among them are buildings for commercial, industrial and religious purposes. Of the projects prepared for the Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City in 1968, only the Sports Palace (“Palacio de los Deportes”) was implemented. Designed by F. Candela, the Oceanarium in Valencia was completed in 2002, after the architect’s death.
Famous buildings
- "Pabellón de los Rayos Cósmicos" (1950-1951)
- Church "Medalla de la Virgen Milagrosa", Navarta (1953-1957)
- Celestino Fernández factory, Vallejo settlement (1954–1955)
- Exchange in Mexico City (1954–1955)
- chapel "Nuestra Señora de la Soledad", Coyoacan (1955)
- Quiosco de Música Music Trade Pavilion, Santa Fe District, Mexico City (1955-1956)
- chapel "San Antonio de las Huertas", Tlakopan (1956)
- night club "La Jacaranda", Acapulco (1956-1957)
- Restaurant Los Manantiales, Sochimilco (1956-1957)
- chapel (Capilla abierta), Cuernavaca (1957-1958)
- San Vicente Paul chapel, Coyoatan (1959)
- chapel "Santa Mónica", San Lorenzo de Cochimantas (1959-1960)
- Bacardi factory, Cointitlan (1959-1960)
- Hotel Casino de la Selva, Cuernavaca (1960-1961)
- Church "Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe", Madrid (1962-1963)
- Kirche des Herren Church in Campo Florido, Mexico City (1966)
- Sports Palace "Palacio de los Deportes", Mexico City (1965-1968)
- Oceanarium "L'Oceanogràfic", Valencia (1994-2002)
Awards (Favorites)
- 1960: Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers , London
- 1961: Prize of the Auguste Perret International Union of Architecture (Union Internationale des Architectes (UIA), Paris
- 1978: Honorary Doctor of Architecture, University of Santa Maria, Caracas
- 1978: Honorary Doctor of Architecture, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
- 1981: Gold Medal of the Mexican Union of Architects
- 1985: Antonio Camuñas Prize in Architecture
- 1994: Honorary Doctor of Architecture at the Polytechnic University of Madrid.
Gallery
Pavilion at the Space Center, Mexico City (1950/1951)
Bacardi Factory, Cointitlan (1959-1960, together with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe)
Sports Palace ("Palacio de los Deportes", 1965–1968), for the Summer Olympics in Mexico City in 1968
Oceanarium („L'Oceanogràfic“, 1994–2002), Valencia
Restaurant Los Manantiales
Restaurant Casino de la Selva
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 Diccionario biográfico español - Royal Academy of History .
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118666886 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:F%C3%A9lix_Candela
Literature
- Salguero Ramon Vargas: Federico E. Mariscal: Vida Y Obra (in Spanish), UNAM, ISBN 970-32-1253-0 .
- Enrique X. de Anda Alanis: Félix Candela 1910-1997. Die Beherrschung der Grenzen. Taschen Verlag, Köln 2008, ISBN 978-3-8228-3723-8 (in German).
- Massimiliano Savorra: Félix Candela, Pier Luigi Nervi and formalism in architecture , in P. Cassinello (ed.), Félix Candela , Madrid 2010, pp. 155-167 (in English)
- Massimiliano Savorra: La forma e la struttura. Félix Candela, gli scritti. Mailand 2013 (in Italian)