Pienzius ( lat. Pientius ; died March 13 between 561 and 567 , May ) - Bishop of Poitiers (between 541 and 555 - between 561 and 567); Holy , revered in the Catholic Church (Memorial Day - March 13).
| Pyenz | |
|---|---|
| lat Pientius | |
| Birth | Poitiers |
| Death | March 13 between 561 and 567 May , Vendée |
| Revered | Catholic Church |
| In the face | Saint |
| Day of Remembrance | March 13 |
| Patron | fishermen |
Biography
In the writings of medieval hagiographers , it was reported that Pientius was the son of a servant of the cathedral in Poitiers , and that only thanks to his piety he was able to attain episcopal dignity [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . It is also mentioned that before becoming bishop, Pienzius was a monk in the Puatevinian [2] . However, the authors of this information lived much later than Pientia, and it is not known how reliable the evidence is [4] .
In the lists of the bishops of Poitiers, the earliest of whom was compiled in the 12th century, Pientius is named the successor to Daniel , who was last mentioned in contemporary historical sources in 541. It is not precisely established when and under what circumstances Pientius received the episcopal chair in Poitiers. It is only known that this should have happened no later than 555 [2] [3] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] .
The first testimony of Pienzia as bishop of Poitiers refers to the period between 555 and 558 years. Then, according to Baudonivia [11] , who lived at the turn of the 6th – 7th centuries, he and the governor of Tours and Poitiers, the Duke of Austria, assisted Radegund in the founding of the . In The Life of Saint Radegund it is mentioned that the bishop and the duke incurred most of the expenses for the construction of monastic buildings. In 560, the Bishop of Paris, Hermann, together with Pienzie and several other prelates, ordained Abbess of the Monastery of the Holy Cross to . In total, more than two hundred nuns [1] [5] [7] [8] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] were settled in the new monastery.
The medieval authors who described the foundation of the abbey of the Holy Cross mentioned that the monastery was built in the east of the city, near the old Roman wall. The monastery itself was also surrounded by a stone wall. On these grounds Medievalists conclude that under Pientius Poitiers was a well-fortified city, which still contained the fortifications of the Roman era [13] [14] .
By the middle of the 6th century, the first evidence of the existence of a mint in Poitiers in medieval times [20] .
About deeds Piencia preserved not a lot of information. Pientius is the first Bishop of Poitiers, of whom it is known that he made pastoral visits in his diocese. In church legends it is mentioned that Pientius once barely escaped death in a shipwreck. In memory of his miraculous salvation, the bishop in Mallese , where he managed to get ashore, built a church. Subsequently, the was founded in its place [5] [7] [21] .
On the basis of the close relationship between Pienzia and Austria, it was concluded that the bishop, as well as the duke, in 555-560 could be one of the most active supporters of the king of the Franks, Chlothary I, in the struggle against his son Hramn . However, any information about the persecution of the bishop by Khramnom when he arrived in Poitiers in 556, is absent in narrative sources [14] [16] [19] [22] .
Gregory of Tours in the History of the Franks wrote [23] that even during his lifetime, Pientius King Hlotar I appointed him the successor of his fellow Austrasius. He was first close to this monarch duke, but then received the priesthood and became a bishop in the fortress Cell (modern ), located on the territory of the Puateinian diocese. By order of the king, after death Piustius had to change to the episcopal pulpit, but the bishop survived Chlotharia I, and died when Kharibert I already occupied the throne. The same monarch, in spite of the protests of Ausrpius, ordered the imposition of a new bishop of Poitiers, Pascenius II , who had previously been the abbot of the Monastery of Saint Hilary [5] [8] [17] [18] [24] [25] [26] .
The exact date of death Piencia is not known, but he should have died no earlier than November 29, 561, the date of the death of King Hlothary I, and no later than the end of the year 567, the date of death of Haribert I. In some sources, the death of the bishop dates back to 564. In medieval diptychs, the death of Pientia is indicated on March 13, and the place is the village of [5] [6] [7] [8] [10] [18] [21] [25] [26] [27] .
Even in the Early Middle Ages, Pienzius began to be worshiped in the diocese of Poitiers as a locally venerable saint . The first reliable evidence of the existence of his cult refers to the XI century. Piency was considered the patron saint of fishermen : they prayed to him for success in fishing. It is also believed that prayers to the bishop heal from deafness . In the 17th century, in May, there was a church dedicated to Saint Pienza, built on the site of his death. At present, the name of this bishop of Poitiers is inscribed in the “ Roman martyrology ” for commemoration by all Catholics. Pienzia is commemorated on March 13, and in the it is commemorated on March 6 [1] [5] [7] [21] [26] [28] [29] [30] [31] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Pientius, S. // Stadlers Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon / Herausgegeben von Johann Evangelist Stadler und Franz Joseph Heim. - Augsburg: B. Schmid'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1875. - Bd. Iv. - S. 922.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chamard, 1880 , p. 285–286.
- ↑ 1 2 Auber, 1885 , p. 405.
- ↑ 1 2 Favreau, 1988 , p. 20.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Per Einar Odden. Den hellige Pientius av Poitiers (d. 564) (Nor.) . Den katolske kirke. The appeal date is May 28, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 Gams PB Series episcoporum ecclesiæ catholicæ . - Ratisbonæ: Typis et sumtibus Georgii Josephi Manz, 1873. - P. 601.
- 2 1 2 3 4 5 Les petits Bollandistes / Guérin P. - Paris: Blound et Barral, 1888. - V. 3. - P. 407–408.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Duchesne L. Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule. T. 2. L'Aquitaine et les Lyonnaises . - Paris: Fontemoing et C ie , Éditeur, 1910. - p. 75-77 & 83.
- ↑ Favreau, 1988 , p. 341
- ↑ 1 2 Diocèse de Poitiers. L'eglise diocésaine. Les évêques (Fr.) . Diocèse de Poitiers. The appeal date is May 28, 2019.
- ↑ Baudoniviya . Life of Saint Radegunda (book II, chapter 5).
- ↑ Chamard, 1880 , p. 330—331.
- ↑ 1 2 Auber, 1885 , p. 426-428.
- 2 1 2 3 Ledain B. Histoire sommaire de la ville de Poitiers . - Fontenay-le-Comte: Auguste Baud, 1889. - P. 17-18.
- ↑ Häuptli BW Radegunde // Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon . - Bautz: Nordhausen, 2003. - Bd. Xxii. - Kol. 1131–1135. - ISBN 978-3-88309-133-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 McNamara, Halborg, Whatley, 1992 , p. 89
- 2 1 2 Jones AE : Non-Elite Strategies for the Non-Elite . - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. - P. 122. - ISBN 978-0-5217-6239-7 .
- 2 1 2 3 Van Dam R. Saints and Their Miracles in Late Antique Gaul . - Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. - p. 29-30. - ISBN 978-1-4008-2114-3 .
- ↑ 1 2 Boudonivia. Life of Saint Radegunda // Adam and Eve: Gender History Almanac / translation and commentary by N. Yu. Bikeeva. - 2017. - number 25 . - p . 314-315 .
- ↑ Auber, 1885 , p. 465-466.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Auber, 1885 , p. 475-476.
- ↑ Auber, 1885 , p. 445-448.
- ↑ Gregory of Tours . History of Franks (Book IV, Chapter 18).
- ↑ Auber, 1885 , p. 450–452 & 476–478.
- ↑ 1 2 McNamara, Halborg, Whatley, 1992 , p. 98
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chamard, 1880 , p. 346-348.
- ↑ Favreau, 1988 , p. 341 & 343.
- ↑ Favreau, 1988 , p. 343.
- ↑ Goyau G. Poitiers // Catholic Encyclopedia . - New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. - Vol. Xii. - P. 178-181.
- ↑ Pientius van Poitiers ( inc .) . Heiligen. The appeal date is May 28, 2019.
- ↑ Wasselynck R. San Pienzio di Poitiers // Enciclopedia dei santi - Bibliotheca Sanctorum (terza appendice). - Roma: Città Nova, 2013. - ISBN 978-8-8311-9347-4 .
Literature
- Auber CA Histoire générale, civile, religieuse et littéraire du Poitou . - Fontenay-le-Comte, Poitiers: Imprimerie L.-P. Gourard, Libraire Bonamy, 1885. - T. I. - 530 p.
- Chamard F. Histoire Ecclésiastique du Poitou . - Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest. Auteur du texte. Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest. - Poitiers: A. Dupre & E. Druinaud, 1880. - 566 p.
- Favreau R. Le Diocèse de Poitiers . - Paris: Beauchesne, 1988. - 366 p. - ISBN 978-2-7010-1170-7 .
- McNamara A., Halborg EJ, Whatley EG Sainted Women of the Dark Ages . - Durham & London: Duke University Press, 1992. - 369 p. - ISBN 978-0-8223-8236-2 .