Asia
- Brunei - Abdul Jalil Akbar , Sultan ( 1598 - 1659 )
- Bukhara Khanate - Vali Muhammad , Khan ( 1605 - 1611 )
- Mughal Empire - Jahangir , padishah ( 1605 - 1627 )
- Georgian kingdom -
- Principality of Guria - Mamia II (IV) Gurieli , Prince ( 1600 - 1625 )
- Kingdom of Imereti - George III , Tsar ( 1605 - 1639 )
- Kingdom of Kakheti - Teimuraz I , king ( 1605 - 1614 , 1615 - 1616 , 1623 - 1633 , 1634 - 1648 )
- Kartli Kingdom - Luarsab II , King ( 1606 - 1615 )
- Megrelian Principality - Manuchar I Dadiani , Prince ( 1590 - 1611 )
- Samtskhe-Saatabago - Manuchar II , Atabeg ( 1581 - 1614 )
- Dayviet -
- Mack Kinh Kung , emperor (Mack dynasty, in the north) ( 1593 - 1621 )
- Le Qinh Tong , Emperor (Le Dynasty, in the south) ( 1599 - 1619 )
- India -
- Amber (Jaipur) - Man Singh I , Raja ( 1589 - 1614 )
- Arakkal -
- Abubakar I , Ali Raja ( 1591 - 1607 )
- Abubakar II , Ali Raja ( 1607 - 1610 )
- Ahmadnagar Sultanate - Murtaza Nizam Shah II , Sultan ( 1600 - 1610 )
- Ahom - Susengfaa , Maharaja ( 1603 - 1641 )
- Bidar Sultanate - Ali Barid Shah III , Sultan ( 1601 - 1609 )
- Bijapur Sultanate - Ibrahim Adil Shah II , Sultan ( 1580 - 1627 )
- Bikaner - Rai Singh I , Raja ( 1574 - 1612 )
- Bundi - Bohod Singh , Raja ( 1585 - 1608 )
- Bhavnagar - Dhunazhi Visozhi , Raja ( 1600 - 1619 )
- Vankaner - Sartanji Sultanji , Raja ( 1605 - 1632 )
- Vijayanagar Empire - Venkatapati II , Maharajadhiraja ( 1586 - 1614 )
- Golconda - Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , Sultan ( 1580 - 1611 )
- Guler - Vijaya Chand , Raja ( 1605 - 1610 )
- Jainthia - Dhan Manik , Raja ( 1596 - 1612 )
- Jaisalmer - Bhim Singh , Raja ( 1578 - 1624 )
- Jalavad (Drangadhra) - Chandrasinzhi Raisinji , sahib ( 1584 - 1628 )
- Gencantal - Loknat Ray Singh , Raja ( 1594 - 1615 )
- Jhabua -
- Kesho Das , Raja ( 1584 - 1607 )
- Karan Singh , Raja ( 1607 - 1610 )
- Dungarpur - Karan Singh II , Raja ( 1606 - 1609 )
- Kach - Bharmalji I , Raja ( 1585 - 1631 )
- Kachari - Indrapratap Nairayan , King (c. 1601 - c. 1613 )
- Keladi - Khiriya Venkatapp Nayyaka , Raja ( 1586 - 1629 )
- Cochin - Kerala Varma II , Maharaja ( 1601 - 1615 )
- Kuch-Bihar - Lakshmi Narayan , Raja ( 1586 - 1621 )
- Ladakh -
- Namgyal Gonpo , Raja (c. 1595 - 1610 )
- Jamyang Namgyal , Raja (c. 1595 - 1616 )
- Madurai - Muttu Krishnapp Nayyak Raja ( 1602 - 1609 )
- Mysore - Raja Vodeyar I , Maharaja ( 1578 - 1617 )
- Mandi - Keshab Sen , Raja ( 1595 - 1616 )
- Manipur - Hagemba , Raja ( 1597 - 1652 )
- Marwar (Jodhpur) - Sur Singh , Raja ( 1595 - 1619 )
- Mewar - Amar Singh I , Maharana ( 1597 - 1620 )
- Navanagar - Sataji Vibhaji , Jam ( 1569 - 1608 )
- Orchha - Vir Singh Deo , Raja ( 1605 - 1626/1627 )
- Pratabgarh - Sinha Singh , Maharaja ( 1597 - 1627 )
- Reva - Birbhadra Singh , Raja ( 1593 - 1618 )
- Sambalpur - Jai Singh , Raja ( 1578 - 1611 )
- Sind (Tarkhan Dynasty) - Gazi Run Tarkhan , Mirza ( 1599 - 1612 )
- Sirohi - Sultan Singh I , Raja ( 1572 - 1610 )
- Sonepur - Lal Sahib Deo , Raja ( 1606 - 1635 )
- Suket - Deep Sen , Raja ( 1590 - 1620 )
- Thanjavur - Ashuthappa Nayyak , Raja ( 1580 - 1614 )
- Chamba - Balbhadra Verman , Raja ( 1589 - 1613 )
- Chitradurga - Kasturi Rangappa Nayyak I , Nayyak ( 1602 - 1652 )
- Chitral - Mukhtarram Shah Qator I , Mehtar ( 1585 - 1655 )
- Indonesia -
- Ache -
- Ali Riyat Shah III , Sultan ( 1604 - 1607 )
- Iskander Muda , Sultan ( 1607 - 1636 )
- Bantam - Abu al-Mafahir Mahmoud Abdulkadir , Sultan ( 1596 - 1647 )
- Bachan - Alauddin I , Sultan ( 1581 - c. 1609 )
- Mataram - Panembahan Chanyakravati , Sultan ( 1601 - 1613 )
- Sulu - Batarah Shah Tengah , Sultan ( 1596 - 1608 )
- Ternate - Muzaffar Shah I , Sultan ( 1607 - 1627 )
- Tidore - Mole Mazhimu , Sultan ( 1599 - 1627 )
- Cirebon - Panembahan Ratu , Sultan ( 1570 - 1649 )
- Ache -
- Iran ( Safavids ) - Abbas I the Great , Shahinshah ( 1587 - 1629 )
- Kazakh Khanate - Yesim , Khan ( 1598 - 1628 )
- Cambodia - Barom Richea IV , King ( 1603 - 1618 )
- China ( Ming Empire ) - Wanli (Zhu Yijun) , Emperor ( 1572 - 1620 )
- Lansang - Vorawongsa II , King ( 1596 - 1621 )
- Malaysia -
- Johor - Alauddin Riyayat Shah III , Sultan ( 1597 - 1615 )
- Kedah - Suleiman Shah II , Sultan ( 1602 - 1626 )
- Kelantan - Samir ud-din ibn al-Marhum , Sultan ( 1605 - 1616 )
- Pattani - Ratu Hijau , Queen ( 1584 - 1616 )
- Pahang - Abdul Gafur Muhiuddin Shah , Sultan ( 1592 - 1614 )
- Perak - Mukaddam Riyat Shah , Sultan ( 1603 - 1619 )
- Maldives - Don Philip , Sultan ( 1603 - 1632 )
- Mogulistan - Abduraim , Khan (in Eastern Mogulistan) ( 1591 - 1636 )
- Mogulia (Yarkand Khanate) - Muhammad III , Khan ( 1591 - 1610 )
- Mongol Empire (Northern Yuan) - Ligden , the Great Khan ( 1603 - 1634 )
- Myanmar -
- Arakan (Myau-U) - Razagi , king ( 1593 - 1612 )
- Taungu - Anaukpetlun king ( 1605 - 1628 )
- Nepal (Malla Dynasty) -
- Bhaktapur - Trelokya Malla , Raja ( 1560 - 1613 )
- Kathmandu (Kantipur) - Shivashimha Malla , Raja ( 1583 - 1620 )
- Lalitpur - Narihara Simha , Raja (c. 1600 - 1609 )
- Nogai Horde - Ishteryak , Biy ( 1600 - 1619 )
- Oman - Abdullah Ibn Muhammad , Imam ( 1560 - 1624 )
- Ottoman Empire - Ahmed I , Sultan ( 1603 - 1617 )
- Ramazanogullary (Ramadanides) - Pier Mansour , Bey ( 1594 - 1608 )
- Ryukyu - Sho Nei , Van ( 1588 - 1620 )
- Sarawak - Ibrahim Ali Omar Shah (Tenga) , Sultan ( 1599 - 1641 )
- Siberian Khanate -
- Ali Khan ( 1598 - 1607 )
- in 1607 annexed to the Russian kingdom
- Thailand -
- Ayutthaya - Ekatotsarot (Sunphet III) , King ( 1605 - 1620 )
- Lannatai -
- Noeratha Minso , King ( 1579 - 1607/1608 )
- Tado Minso (Phra Choi) , King ( 1607/1608 - 1608/1609 )
- Tibet - Mipham Wangyur Gyalpo , Gongma ( 1604 - 1613 )
- Philippines -
- Magindanao - Laut Buisan , Sultan ( 1597 - 1619 )
- Khiva Khanate (Khorezm) - Arab Muhammad , Khan ( 1603 - 1621 )
- Joseon - Songjo , Van ( 1567 - 1608 )
- Sri Lanka -
- Jaffna - Etirimana Sincam , King ( 1591 - 1617 )
- Kandy - Senarat , King ( 1604 - 1635 )
- Japan -
- Go-Yozei (Katahito) , Emperor ( 1586 - 1611 )
- Tokugawa Hidetada , Shogun ( 1605 - 1623 )
America
- New Spain -
- Juan de Mendoza i Luna , Viceroy ( 1603 - 1607 )
- Luis de Velasco y Castilla , Viceroy ( 1590 - 1595 , 1607 - 1611 )
- Peru - Juan de Mendoza i Luna , Viceroy ( 1607 - 1615 )
Africa
- Aussa - Sabraddin Adan , Imam ( 1585 - 1613 )
- Bagirmi - Abdullah , Sultan ( 1568 - 1608 )
- Bamum - Ngapna , MFN (Sultan) ( 1590 - 1629 )
- Beni Abbas - Sidi Nasser al-Mokrani , Sultan ( 1600 - 1620 )
- Kingdom of Benin - Ojuana , both ( 1602 - 1656 )
- Bornu - Muhammad VI Bukalmami , Mai ( 1596 - 1612 )
- Buganda - Suuna I , tavern (c. 1584 - c. 1614 )
- Varsangali - Abdal , Sultan ( 1585 - 1612 )
- Vogodogo - Giliga , Naaba (c. 1600 - c. 1620 )
- Garo (Bosch) - Magela , tato (c. 1600 - c. 1630 )
- Dahomey - Gani Essu , Ahosu (c. 1580 - c. 1620 )
- Darfur - Suleiman Solon , Sultan ( 1603 - 1637 )
- Dandy - Harun Dankataya , Askya ( 1599 - 1611 )
- Jolof - Biraima Penda , buur-ba ( 1605 - 1649 )
- Imerina - Ralambo , king ( 1575 - 1612 )
- Cayor - Jaredya , Damel ( 1600 - 1610 )
- Kano - Muhammad Zaki , Sultan ( 1582 - 1618 )
- Kaffa - Giba Netshotshaw , king (c. 1605 - c. 1640 )
- Congo - Alvaro II , Manicongo ( 1587 - 1614 )
- Mali - Mahmoud IV (Mamadou III) , Mansa (c. 1590 - c. 1610 )
- Morocco (Saadites) -
- Abu Fares Abdallah , Sultan (in the south) ( 1603 - 1608 )
- Zidane Abu Maali , Sultan (in Marrakesh) ( 1603 - 1627 )
- Mohammed Al-Sheikh El-Mamun , Sultan (in Fez) ( 1603 - 1613 )
- Massina - Bubu II , Ardo ( 1603 - 1613 )
- Mutapa - Gatsi Roussere , mvenemutapa ( 1589 - 1623 )
- Ndongo - Mbandi a Ngola , Ngola ( 1592 - 1617 )
- Nri - Agu , Eze ( 1583 - 1676 )
- Rwanda - Kigeli II , Mwami ( 1576 - 1609 )
- Salum - Maad Maleotan Diouf , Maad ( 1567 - 1612 )
- Swaziland (Evatini) - Nkosi II , leader (c. 1600 - 1640 )
- Sennar - Adlan I , mek ( 1606 - 1611/1612 )
- Twifo-Eman (Aquamu) - Akotia , aquamuchene ( 1595 - 1610 )
- Ethiopia - Susenos I (Malak Sagad III) , Emperor ( 1606 - 1632 )
Europe
- England - James I Stewart , King ( 1603 - 1625 )
- Andorra -
- Henry III, King of Navarre , Co-Prince ( 1572 - 1610 )
- Andres Capella , Bishop of Urhelsky , Co-Prince ( 1588-1609 )
- Wallachia - Radu X Shcherban , ruler ( 1602 - 1610 , 1611 )
- Hungary - Rudolph II , King ( 1576 - 1608 )
- Denmark - Christian IV , King ( 1588 - 1648 )
- Ireland -
- Tire Eogine -
- Hugh O'Neill , King ( 1593 - 1607 )
- in 1607 annexed by England
- Tire Eogine -
- Spain - Philip III , King ( 1598 - 1621 )
- Italy -
- The Republic of Venice - Leonardo Donato , Doge ( 1606 - 1612 )
- Gvastalla - Ferrante II Gonzaga , Earl ( 1575 - 1621 )
- Genoa Republic -
- Luca de Castro Grimaldi , Doge ( 1605 - 1607 )
- Girolamo Assereto , Doge ( 1607 - 1609 )
- Mantova - Vincenzo I Gonzaga , Duke ( 1587 - 1612 )
- Massa and Carrara - Alberico I , Prince ( 1568 - 1623 )
- Modena and Reggio - Cesare d'Este , Duke ( 1597 - 1628 )
- Montechiarugolo - Pomponio Torelli , Count ( 1545 - 1608 )
- Duchy of Parma - Ranuccio I Farnese , Duke ( 1592 - 1622 )
- Piombino - Rudolph II (Emperor) , Prince ( 1603 - 1611 )
- Tuscan Duchy - Ferdinando I , Grand Duke ( 1587 - 1609 )
- Urbino - Francesco Maria II della Rovere , Duke ( 1574 - 1621 , 1623 - 1631 )
- Crimean Khanate -
- Gaza II Gerai , Khan ( 1588 - 1596 , 1596 - 1607 )
- Tokhtamysh Gerai , Khan ( 1607 - 1608 )
- Principality of Moldova -
- Simion the Grave , ruler ( 1606 - 1607 )
- Mikhail Mogila , ruler ( 1607 )
- Konstantin Mogila , ruler ( 1607 , 1607 - 1611 )
- Monaco - Honore II , Senior ( 1604 - 1612 )
- Navarra - Henry III , King ( 1572 - 1610 )
- Netherlands (Republic of the United Provinces) - Moritz of Orange , State of Halter ( 1585 - 1625 )
- Norway - Christian IV , King ( 1588 - 1648 )
- Papal Region - Paul V , pope ( 1605 - 1621 )
- Portugal - Philip II (King of Spain Philip III) , King ( 1598 - 1621 )
- Commonwealth - Sigismund III Vase , King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania ( 1587 - 1632 )
- Courland and Semigalia -
- Wilhelm , Duke (in Courland) ( 1595 - 1617 )
- Frederick , Duke (in Semigalia) ( 1595 - 1617 )
- Courland and Semigalia -
- Russian Empire - Vasily IV Shuisky , Tsar ( 1606 - 1610 )
- Holy Roman Empire - Rudolph II , Emperor ( 1576 - 1612 )
- Austria - Rudolph V (Emperor Rudolph II) , Archduke ( 1576 - 1608 )
- Inner Austria - Ferdinand II , Archduke ( 1590 - 1619 )
- Anhalt -
- Anhalt-Bernburg - Christian I , Prince ( 1603 - 1630 )
- Anhalt-Dessau - Johann George I , Prince ( 1603 - 1618 )
- Anhalt Kothen - Ludwig I , Prince ( 1603 - 1650 )
- Anhalt-Pöltskau - Augustus , Prince ( 1603 - 1653 )
- Anhalt-Zerbst - Rudolph , Prince ( 1603 - 1621 )
- Ansbach - Joachim Ernst , Margrave ( 1603 - 1625 )
- Bavaria - Maximilian I , Duke ( 1597 - 1623 )
- Baden -
- Baden-Baden - William Margrave ( 1596 - 1677 )
- Baden-Durlach - Georg Friedrich , Margrave ( 1604 - 1622 )
- Baden-Rodemahern - Philip III , Margrave ( 1588 - 1620 )
- Bayreth (Kulmbach) - Christian , Margrave ( 1603 - 1655 )
- Brandenburg - Joachim III Friedrich , Elector ( 1598 - 1608 )
- Braunschweig -
- Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel - Heinrich Julius , Duke ( 1589 - 1613 )
- Braunschweig-Luneburg - Ernst II , Duke ( 1592 - 1611 )
- Waldeck -
- Christian Earl ( 1588 - 1607 )
- Wolrad IV , Count ( 1588 - 1607 )
- Waldeck-Wildungen - Christian Earl ( 1607 - 1637 )
- Waldeck-Eisenberg - Volrad IV , Count ( 1607 - 1640 )
- East Frisia - Enno III , Count ( 1599 - 1625 )
- Württemberg - Frederick I , Duke ( 1593 - 1608 )
- Ganau -
- Ganau-Lichtenberg - Johann Reinhard I , Earl ( 1599 - 1625 )
- Ganau-Münzenberg - Philip Ludwig II , Earl ( 1580 - 1612 )
- Hesse -
- Hesse-Darmstadt - Ludwig V , Landgraph ( 1596 - 1626 )
- Hesse-Kassel - Moritz , Landgrave ( 1592 - 1627 )
- Hohenzollern-Gechingen - Johann Georg , Count ( 1605 - 1623 )
- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen - Johann , Count ( 1606 - 1623 )
- Hohenzollern-Heigerloch - Johann Christoph , Count ( 1592 - 1620 )
- Holstein-Gottorp - Johann Adolf , Duke ( 1590 - 1616 )
- Holstein-Pinneberg - Ernst , Earl ( 1601 - 1622 )
- Cologne Elector - Ernst of Bavaria , Elector ( 1583 - 1612 )
- Lorraine - Charles III , Duke ( 1545 - 1608 )
- Mainz Elector - Johann Schweikard von Kronberg , Elector ( 1604 - 1626 )
- Mecklenburg -
- Mecklenburg-Guestrow - Charles I , Duke ( 1603 - 1610 )
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin -
- Adolf Frederick I , Duke ( 1592 - 1610 , 1621 - 1658 )
- Johann Albrecht II , Duke ( 1592 - 1610 )
- Montbeliard - Friedrich of Württemberg , count ( 1558 - 1608 )
- Nassau -
- Nassau-Beilstein - Georg , Count ( 1606 - 1620 )
- Nassau Weilburg - Ludwig II , Earl ( 1602 - 1627 )
- Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein - Ludwig II , Count ( 1605 - 1627 )
- Nassau-Dillenburg - Wilhelm Ludwig , Count ( 1606 - 1620 )
- Nassau-Ditz - Ernst Casimir , Count ( 1606 - 1632 )
- Nassau Siegen - Johann VII , Earl ( 1606 - 1623 )
- Nassau-Saarbrücken - Ludwig II , Earl ( 1602 - 1627 )
- Nassau Hadamar - Johann Ludwig Count ( 1606 - 1650 )
- Oldenburg - Anton Gunther , Earl ( 1603 - 1667 )
- Pomerania -
- Pomerania-Barth - Philip Julius , Duke ( 1605 - 1625 )
- Pomerania-Wolgast - Philip Julius , Duke ( 1592 - 1625 )
- Pomerania-Darlowo -
- George II , Duke ( 1606 - 1617 )
- Bohuslav XIV , Duke ( 1606 - 1621 , 1622 - 1637 )
- Pomerania-Stettin (Szczecin) - Philip II , Duke ( 1606 - 1618 )
- Prussia - Albrecht Friedrich , Duke ( 1568 - 1618 )
- Palatinate - Frederick IV , Elector ( 1583 - 1610 )
- Palatinate-Birkenfeld - Georg Wilhelm , Palatinate ( 1600 - 1669 )
- Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler - Christian I , palatinate ( 1600 - 1654 )
- Palatinate-Sulzbach - Philip Ludwig , palatinate ( 1604 - 1614 )
- Palatinate-Kleburg - Johann Casimir , Palatinate ( 1604 - 1652 )
- Palatinate-Neuburg - Philippe Ludwig , palatinate ( 1569 - 1614 )
- Palatinate-Zweibrucken - Johann II , Palatinate ( 1604 - 1635 )
- Palatinate Landsberg - Friedrich Casimir , Duke ( 1604 - 1645 )
- Savoy - Carl Emmanuel I , Duke ( 1580 - 1630 )
- Saxony - Christian II , Elector ( 1591 - 1611 )
- Saxe-Altenburg - Johann Philippe , Duke ( 1603 - 1639 )
- Saxe-Weimar - Johann Ernst , Duke ( 1605 - 1620 )
- Saxe-Coburg - Johann Casimir , Duke ( 1572 - 1633 )
- Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg -
- Franz II , Duke ( 1581 - 1619 )
- Maurice , Duke ( 1581 - 1612 )
- Saxe-Eisenach - Johann Ernst , Duke ( 1596 - 1638 )
- Trier Elector - Lothar von Metternich , Elector ( 1599 - 1623 )
- Czech Republic - Rudolph II , King ( 1576 - 1611 )
- Silesian principalities -
- Principality of Berutuv - Charles II of Münsterberg , Prince ( 1604 - 1617 )
- Brzeg, Voluvsk and Legnica principality -
- Johann Christian of Brzeg , Prince ( 1602 - 1612 )
- George Rudolph Legnitsky , Prince ( 1602 - 1612 )
- Principality of Olav - Johann Christian Brzhegsky , prince ( 1605 - 1633 )
- Principality of Olesnitsa - Charles II of Münsterberg , Prince ( 1565 - 1617 )
- Teshinsky (Tseshin) principality - Adam Wenceslas , prince ( 1579 - 1617 )
- Silesian principalities -
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt - Karl Gunter I , Earl ( 1605 - 1630 )
- Julich Kleve Berg - Johann Wilhelm , Duke ( 1592 - 1609 )
- Austria - Rudolph V (Emperor Rudolph II) , Archduke ( 1576 - 1608 )
- Transylvania - Gigmond Racoci , Prince ( 1607 - 1608 )
- France - Henry IV , King ( 1589 - 1610 )
- Auvergne - Margarita de Valois , Countess ( 1606 - 1615 )
- Sweden - Charles IX , King ( 1604 - 1611 )
- Scotland - James VI , King ( 1567 - 1625 )
Henry IV
1589-1610
King of France and NavarreRudolph II
1576-1612
Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Czech RepublicAbbas I the Great
1587-1629
Shahinshah of IranJacob I (VI) Stuart
1603-1625
King of England and ScotlandSigismund III Vase
1587-1632
King of Poland and Grand Duke of LithuaniaChristian IV
1588-1648
King of Denmark and NorwayJahangir
1605-1627
The Padis of the Mughal EmpireAhmed I
1603-1617
Ottoman SultanMoritz of Orange
1585-1625
Staltery of the NetherlandsWanli
1572-1620
Emperor of ChinaPhilip III
1598-1621
King of Spain and PortugalCharles IX
1604-1611
King of swedenVasily IV Shuisky
1606-1610
Tsar of all RussiaIbrahim Adil Shah II
1580-1627
Sultan of BijapurMuhammad Quli Qutb Shah
1580-1611
Sultan of GolcondaKatahito
1586-1611
Emperor of JapanGaza II Gerai
1588-1596, 1596-1607
Crimean KhanFrancesco Maria II della Rover
1574-1621, 1623-1631
Duke of UrbinoFerdinando I Medici
1587-1609
Grand Duke of TuscanyVincenzo I Gonzaga
1587-1612
Duke of MantuaRanuccio I Farnese
1592-1622
Duke of ParmaCesare d'Este
1597-1628
Duke of Modena and ReggioLeonardo Donato
1606-1612
Doge of VeniceChristian II
1591-1611
Elector of SaxonyFrederick IV
1583-1610
Elector of the PalatinateJoachim III Friedrich
1598-1608
Elector of BrandenburgMaximilian I
1597-1623
Duke of BavariaPaul V
1605-1621
Pope