Sandal Castle is a ruined medieval castle in a suburb of Wakefield in West Yorkshire , England . It is located near the site of the Wakefield battle on December 30, 1460, in which Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, was assassinated.
Content
History
Varenna
Wilhelm de Varennes, 2nd Earl of Surrey , built the castle of Sandal from wood in 1107 [2] . The third Earl of Surrey spent little time in this castle, which is associated with his accession to the Second Crusade . He had one daughter, Isabelle de Varennes , who married William de Blois , the son of King Stephen , who became the fourth Earl. He died in 1159 with no children. Isabelle, becoming a widow, subsequently married Gamelin , the fifth count. It is believed that Gamelin was engaged in the replacement of wooden fortifications in the castle with stone.
William de Varennes, 5th Earl of Surrey , son of Gamelin of Anjou , married Marshall Maud in 1225. He was faithful to his cousin, King John, and is also one of the four nobles whose name appears in the Magna Carta . After the death of William, on May 27, 1240 in London , Maud de Varennes did not dispose of Sandal Castle since 1240. However, in 1252 she passed it to her son John . John married Alice de Lusignan in 1247. In 1296, Edward I appointed the 6th Earl commander in Scotland, and in 1298, John and his king managed to defeat the Scottish soldiers at the Battle of Falkirk [3] .
William de Varenne was killed at a tournament in Croydon. His son John de Varennes, 7th Earl of Surrey , was born on the year of his death. In 1306, John married the granddaughter of Edward I, Joanna Barsko [4] . John died in 1347, leaving his two sons, John and Thomas, who became Knights of Malta.
Sandal Castle was not the only castle owned by the Warennes family. For example, the Warennes clan had castles in the counties of Sussex , Surrey , Norfolk and Yorkshire .
York Dukes
In 1347, the English king Edward III gave Sand Castle to his fifth son, Edmund Langley , who at that time was six years old. This castle was later inherited by his son, Edward, who died at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. After his death, the castle passed into the possession of Richard Plantagenet .
Battle of Wakefield
At the beginning of 1460, during the War of the Scarlet and White Roses , Richard Plantagenet decided to ascend the throne. An act of consent , adopted in October 1460, recognized him as heir to the throne and called him the Defender of the Kingdom. In December of that year, Richard went to Sandal Castle to strengthen his position and resist the attacks of enemy warriors. He had an army of 3,000 to 8,000, but on December 30, during the Battle of Wakefield , he suffered a crushing defeat. Richard and his youngest son Edmund were killed.
English Civil War
During the English Civil War , Sandal Castle belonged to the Cavaliers . The castle was in a desolate, dilapidated state due to previous events. In 1645, Sandal Castle was besieged three times.
Toward the end of the English Revolution , Sandal Castle was destroyed. A year later, the Parliament of England confirmed this information.
Notes
- ↑ David Cooke. The Civil War in Yorkshire: Fairfax Versus Newcastle . - Casemate Publishers, 2004-01-01. - 193 p. - ISBN 9781844150762 .
- ↑ Thomas Moule. Bibliotheca Heraldica Magnæ Britanniæ: An Analytical Catalog of Books on Genealogy, Heraldry, Nobility, Knighthood & Ceremonies . - The author, 1822. - 708 p.
- ↑ John Kinross. Battlefields of England and Scotland . - Amberley Publishing Limited, 2016-11-15. - 245 s. - ISBN 9781445662152 .
- ↑ The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal . - Yorkshire Archaeological Society., 1907. - 602 p.