Yakov Ermolaevich Demidov ( April 10 (23), 1889 , Sloboda village, Dubrovsky volost, Porech district, Smolensk province - November 1 (14), 1918 , Porechye ) - Russian revolutionary , member of the RSDLP (b) .
| Demidov, Yakov Ermolaevich | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | April 23, 1889 |
| Place of Birth | Village Sloboda, Dubrovsky volost, Porech district, Smolensk province |
| Date of death | November 14, 1918 (aged 29) |
| Place of death | The riverine area of Smolensk province |
| Citizenship | Russian empire |
| Occupation | Military |
| Education | Initial |
| Religion | Orthodoxy |
| The consignment | RSDLP (b) |
Biography
He was born in a family of a small peasant.
He studied at the Dubrovsky Church and Parish School , which during the study of Demidov was transformed into a two-year rural school with a five-year term of study. Years of study coincided with the first Russian revolution. Demidov graduated from college with honors and wanted to enter a teacher's seminary. However, due to lack of money in the family, Jacob left for Moscow to earn money. The young man lived with his uncle V.D. Demidov, a participant in the 1905 revolution. He worked first at the tram depot, and then at the hippodrome.
In 1910, Jacob Demidov was drafted into the army. He served in the Life Guards Dragoon Regiment, stationed in Peterhof . With the outbreak of World War I he was at the front. For the difference in battles, he was awarded three St. George crosses . He was promoted to ensign . The February Revolution of 1917 found him in Bryansk , where he commanded a company of the 257th Infantry Regiment.
In 1917, the 257th regiment was transferred to the Gomel province. Here Demidov was elected a member of the local Council of Deputies and editor of the Izvestia newspaper. In August of the same year, the Rechitsa Bolshevik organization accepted Y. E. Demidov into the RSDLP (b) .
In March 1918, Y. E. Demidov was demobilized and with a ticket to the Smolensk Provincial Committee of the RCP (B.) Arrived in Porechye, where he began active party work.
On March 15, at the second district congress of the Soviets, which took place in the building of the Zemstvo council, he made a keynote speech on the current moment. In March 1918, at a general city meeting, Demidov was elected chairman of the Porec district committee of the RCP (b). Already in November, there were 114 communists in the district Porech party organization. In addition, in the autumn of 1918, under the leadership of Demidov, communist cells were created in the Porech garrison company, in Dubrovskaya, Loinsky, Zaboryevskaya and other volosts with a total number of more than 120 people.
In the spring of 1918, on the initiative of Demidov and the commissar of the land department of the executive committee Mochalov, agricultural communes were organized on the basis of landowner estates in the villages of Khoteyevo and Zaborie . In the summer of the same year, under the leadership of Y. E. Demidov and with his direct participation, 450 committees of the rural poor were created, which played a decisive role in the establishment of Soviet power. In early June 1918, workers of the Porech district elected Y. E. Demidov a delegate to the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets . A written report addressed to the congress, signed by the Porec delegation headed by Demidov, has been preserved in the central state archive. It speaks of counter-revolutionary sorties of enemies of Soviet power in the county, of food and economic difficulties. Upon returning from the Congress of Soviets, Y. E. Demidov organized the county newspaper Slovo Kommunist and was one of its editors. Despite paper hunger, the newspaper appeared regularly twice a week, sometimes on brown paper.
On the night of November 12-13, 1918, an anti-Soviet uprising began in Porech district. The rebels captured Porechye. On the night of November 14-15, Y.E. Demidov and a number of his associates were shot. On November 15, detachments of Red Guards from Smolensk and the local people's militia entered the city. The uprising was crushed.
The executed members of the Porechensky Ucom were buried in a mass grave behind the altar of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. A few days later, the Porech district executive committee decided to rename the city of Porechye to the city of Demidov. The decree was approved in Moscow and from December 20, 1918 the city became known as Demidov, and Porech district - Demidov.
Memory of Ya. E. Demidov
On December 20, 1918, the city of Porechye was renamed Demidov . This renaming is considered the first in the post-revolutionary history of Russia.
In 1967, a bust of Y.E. was installed in the city garden of the district center. Demidova (sculptor V.L. Kerbel, architect S.V. Shestopal )
Literature
- Budaev D.I. Monuments of revolutionary feat (Russian) . - M .: Mosk. Worker, 1981. - S. 183-184. - 206 p.
- Budaev D.I. Yakov Ermolaevich Demidov // Eternal memory (Russian) . - M. - S. 69-77. - 1967 p.