Clever Geek Handbook
📜 ⬆️ ⬇️

List of Private Space Companies

This page is a list of non-governmental organizations that currently offer or plan to offer equipment and services designed for space flights , manned and robotic flights.

List of abbreviations used in this article
LEO : Low Earth Orbit

GTO : geostationary orbit

VTOL : vertical take-off and landing

STO : single-stage orbit

TSTO : two-stage orbit

SSTSO : one-step suborbit recovery

Commercial training of astronauts

  • Association of Spaceflight Professionals [1] [2] - Cosmonaut training, applied research and development, testing and integration of various types of payload, mission planning and operation support (Christopher Altman, Lee So Young ) [3] [4]

Spacecraft manufacturers

Freight

CompanySpacecraftLaunch systemLength (m)Dry weight (kg)Starting weight (kg)Carrying capacity

(kg)

Capacity (m³)Carrying capacity when returning the device to the Earth (kg)Diameter (m)Power, W)Auto DockStatus
SpacexDragonFalcon 96.14200 [5]10 2003310 sealed or leaky, in any ratio [6]10.0 (tight), plus 14 (unpressurized), or 34 (unpressurized with increased cargo compartment)2500 refillable capsule [8]3.72000 [9]notIn use (18/19)
Dragon 2 cargoFalcon 9 Block 58.16400331010.0 (sealed), plus 14 (unsealed)25003.7YesIn developing
OrbitalCygnus (standard version)Antares 1x05.141500 [10]2000 [10]18.9 [10]not3.073500 [11]notNo longer produce (3/4)
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsCygnus (enhanced version)Antares 230Atlas V 4016.341800 [12]3500 [12]27 [12]not3.07notIn use (7/7)
Sierra Nevada CorporationCargo system Dream ChaserAtlas VVulcan [13]000 sealed, 500 unsealed [14]1750 [14]YesIn developing
The Nova Project ExplorationThe colt iFbs system4.3100021008.0 (sealed), plus 10.0 (unsealed)12003.2YesIn developing
Company namespaceshipSpectrumlaunch



</br> system		crew



</br> size		Length (m)Diameter (m)Starting weight (kg)Power



</br> system		Formed



</br> power (W)		The first



</br> space flight *		Status
Blue originBiconic spacecraftLEONew glennPlanned date not knowndevelopment
BoeingCST-100LEOSeveral, initially Atlas V7 [15]5.03 [16]4.56 [16]Solar panelsPlanned: August 2019



</br> (April 2019)		development
Sierra Nevada CorporationDream Chaser Space SystemLEOSeveral, initially Atlas V7 [17] [18]9 [19]11 300 [20]Planned date not knowndevelopment
SpacexDragon 2LEOFalcon 9 Block 57 [note 1]8.1 [21]3.7 [22]Solar panelsPlanned: July 2019



</br> (March 2, 2019)		In operation (1/1)
Spaceship BFRsolar system

[23] [note 2]

BFR [23]100 [note 3]48 [23]9 [23] [note 4]1 335 000 [23]Solar panelsPlanned: 2024 [23]



</br> (2022)		development
Nova Project ExplorationDorito iLeoFbs6ten12000Solar panelsPlanned: 2026development
* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes crashes
  1. ↑ Number of seats will probably be a multiple of the 3 crew member rotations for the ISS
  2. ↑ Designed to land almost everywhere in the solar system
  3. ↑ Number of seats will be lower on early missions
  4. ↑ Plus delta wings

Suborbital

Company namespaceshipSpectrumlaunch



</br> system		crew



</br> size		Length (m)Diameter (m)Starting weight (kg)The first



</br> space flight *		Status
Scale CompositesSpaceShipOne112 km



</br> X prize		White knight



</br> Hybrid motor		18.538.0536002004Out of Service (3/3) [note 1]
Blue originNew Shepard114 km (capsule using a launch engine descent system)N / a6Planned: 2018



</br> (2015)		Testing (9/9)
Spaceship CompanySpaceShipTwo110 km



</br> Pocket Line +10		White Knight Two



</br> RocketMotorTwo		118.38.39740Planned date not knowntesting
Copenhagen Suborbital [note 2]Quietly deep space105 km



</br>		Spica 100 kN LOX / Ethanol1130.9554000Planned date not knowndevelopment
* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. ↑ Does not include crewed atmospheric flights
  2. ↑ Denmark's amateur manned space program. Copenhagen suborbitals official website

Booster manufacturers

Company nameLauncher

name		Launcher

type		No. of

stages		Maximum

reach		Launcher

status		Maiden

flight		Link
ARCAHaas 2bSuborbital rocket with crewoneSuborbitalCreature[24]
Haas 2CALight rocketoneLEOCreature2018 (scheduled)[25]
Super haasMiddle class rocket2LEOProposed by2019 (scheduled)[26]
Australian Space Research InstituteAUSROC NanoLight rocket2LEOCreature[27]
Astra spaceRocket 1Sounding rocket2SuborbitalOperation completed (0/1)2018[28] [29] [30]
Rocket 2Sounding rocket2SuborbitalIn operation (0/1)2018[31]
AstraLight rocket2LEOCreature[32]
SalvoLight rocket2LEOProject canceled-[33] [34] [35]
Blue originNew shepardSuborbital rocket with crewoneSuborbitalIn use (8/8)2015
New glennHeavy rocket2 or 3GTOCreature2020 (planned)[36] [37]
Canadian ArrowCanadian ArrowSuborbital rocket with crew2SuborbitalProject canceled-[38]
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU ACJFCR.2000-PolluxProbe socketoneSuborbitalCreature[39] [40]
Exos aerospaceSARGESounding rocketoneSuborbitalIn operation (1/1)2018[41] [42]
Firefly aerospaceFirefly alphaLight rocket2LEOCreature2019 (scheduled)
Firefly betaLight rocket2 + 2 boostersLEOCreature
General astronauticsUraniaMiddle class rocket3LEOProject canceled-[43] [44]
Gilmour space technologiesArielSounding rocketoneSuborbitalCreature2019 (scheduled)[45]
ErisLight rocket3LEOCreature2020 (planned)[45]
Generation orbitGOLauncher 1Aerial launch rocket into orbit1 + airplaneSuborbitalCreature2019 (scheduled)[46]
GOLauncher 2Orbital Launch2 + airplaneLEOCreature
Independence-X AerospaceDNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle)Light rocket2LEOCreature2023 (planned)[47] [48]
Interorbital systemsNEPTUNE N seriesLight rocket3-4LEOCreature[49] [50]
NEPTUNE N36Light rocketfourTLIProposed by[49] [50]
Neptune TSAAHTOMiddle class rocket2½TLIProposed by[49]
Interstellar technologiesMomoSounding rocketoneSuborbitalIn use (0/2)2017[51] [52]
Leaf spacePrimoLight rocket2LEOProposed by[53] [54]
Lin industrialTaymyrLight rocket3LEOCreature2020 (planned)[55] [56]
Lockheed martinVenturestarReusable spaceplaneoneLEOProject canceled-[57]
AthenaMiddle class rocket2 or 3TLIOperation Complete (5/7)1995
Mishaal aerospaceM-SVSounding rocketoneSuborbitalCreature[58] [59] [60]
M-ovLight rocket1 + 6 BoostersLEOCreature[58] [59] [61]
M-LVLight rocket1 + 8 boostersTLICreature[58] [59] [62]
OnspaceOS-XSounding rocket2SuborbitalIn use (2/2)2018[63]
OS-M1Light rocket3LEOIn operation (0/1)2019[64]
OS-M2Light rocket3 + 2 boostersLEOCreature[65]
OS-M4Light rocket3 + 4 boostersLEOCreature[66]
OrbexPrimeLight rocket2LEOCreature2021 (planned)[67]
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsAntaresMiddle class rocket3LEOIn use (8/9)2013[68]
Minotaur-C, formerly TaurusLight rocketfourLEOIn use (7/10)1994[69] [70] [71]
PegasusOrbital Launch3-4 + airplaneHeoIn use (38/43)1990
OmegaMiddle class rocket3 + 0-6 boostersGeoCreature2021 (planned)
Orbital Transport & amp; Raketen AGOTRAGMiddle class rocketvariableLEO (designed)

Suborbital (achieved)		Operation Completed (15/18)1977[72]
Pld spaceArion 1Sounding rocketoneSuborbitalCreature2019 (scheduled)[73] [74] [75]
Arion 2Light rocket2LEOCreature2020 (planned)[74]
Relativity spaceTerran 1Light rocket2LEOCreature2020 (planned)[76]
Rocket craftersIntrepid-1Light rocket2LEOCreature2018 (scheduled)[77] [78]
Rocket labelĀtea-1Sounding rocket2SuborbitalOperation completed (1/1)2009[79] [80]
Ātea-2Sounding rocket2SuborbitalProject canceled[81]
ElectronLight rocket2LEOIn use (4/5)2017[82]
RocketarStar-lordLight rocket2LEOCreature2019 (scheduled)[83]
SkyroraSkyrora-1Sounding rocketoneSuborbitalCreature2018 (scheduled)[84] [85]
Skyrora xlLight rocket3LEOCreature[86] [87]
SpaceforestBigosSounding rocketoneSuborbitalIn use (5/5)2015[88]
Candle 2Sounding rocketoneSuborbitalIn operation (1/1)2016[89] [90] [91]
SIR (Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket)Sounding rocketoneSuborbitalCreature2022 (planned)[88] [92]
Space Services Inc.PercheronSounding rocketoneSuborbitalProject canceled-[93]
Conestoga 1620Middle class rocketfourLEO (designed)

Suborbital (achieved)		Operation completed (0/1)1995[93]
SpacelsPrometheus-1Light rocket2LEOCreature[94] [95]
SpacexFalcon 1Light rocket2LEOOperation Complete (2/5)2008[96]
Falcon 1eLight rocket2LEOProject canceled-[96]
Falcon 5Middle class rocket2GTOProject canceled-[97]
Falcon 9 v1.0Middle class rocket2GTO (designed)

LEO (achieved)		Operation Complete (5/5)2010[98]
Falcon 9 v1.1Middle class rocket2HcoOperation Completed (14/15)2013[98]
Falcon 9 Full ThrustMiddle class missile (first stage reusable) /

Heavy rocket (expendable configuration)		2TMI [99]Operation Completed (36/36)2015[98]
Falcon 9 Block 5Middle class missile (first stage reusable) /

Heavy rocket (expendable configuration)		2TMI [99]In use (13/13)2018[100] [101]
Falcon heavyHeavy rocket (first stage core and side boosters reusable) / Super heavy rocket (expendable configuration)2 + 2 boostersDeep space (Pluto) [102]In operation (1/1)2018[98] [103]
ITS Launch VehicleSuper heavy rocket2Deep space [104]Project canceled-[105]
BfrSuper heavy rocket2TmiCreature2019 (scheduled) [106][107]
United launch allianceAtlas VMiddle class rocket2 + 0-5 boostersTmiIn use (78/79)2002[108]
Delta II 6000Middle class rocket2-3 + 9 boostersGTOOperation Completed (17/17)1989[109]
Delta II 7000Light rocket2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boostersGTOOperation Completed (130/132)1990[109]
Delta II 7000HMiddle class rocket2-3 + 9 boostersTmiOperation Complete (6/6)2003[109]
Delta ivMiddle class rocket2 + 0, 2 or 4 boostersGTOIn use (28/28)2003[110]
Delta IV HeavyHeavy rocket2 + 2 boostersGTOIn use (10/11)2004[111]
VulcanHeavy rocket2 + 0-6 boostersGTOCreature2020 (planned)[112]
Vector launchVector-RLight rocket2LEOCreature2018 (scheduled)
Vector-RE1Light rocket2 or 3LEOCreature
Vector-HLight rocket2LEOCreature2019 (scheduled)
Vector-HE1Light rocket2 or 3LEOCreature
Virgin galacticLauncheroneOrbital Launch2 + airplaneLEOTest2018 (scheduled)[113]
Zero2infinityBloostarRockoon system (high-altitude ball and in-space rocket launcher)3 + high-altitude ballLEOCreature2018 (scheduled)[114]

Landing Modules, Planet Rovers, and

Company nameSpacecraft nameCraft typeCraft statusLink
ARCASPACEELE (European Lunar Explorer)lunar orbiterProject canceled[115]
Astrobotic technologyRed rovermoon roverIn developing[116]
Astrobotic technologyGriffin (previously Artemis Lander)lunar landing moduleMatching[117]
Astrobotic technologyPeregrine landerlunar landing moduleIn developing[118]
EurolunaROMITmoon roverProject canceled[119]
Golden Spike Company

(defunct)		unnamedlunar lander module with crewProject canceled[120]
HakutoSoratomoon roverIn developing[121] [122]
HakutoTetrismoon roverProject canceled[123]
Independence-X AerospaceSQUALL (Scientific Quest Unmanned Autonomous Lunar Lander)lunar landing moduleProject canceled[124]
Interorbital systemsRIPPER (Robotic InterPlanetary Prospector Excavator Retriever)lunar landing moduleIn developing[125]
Intuitive machinesNova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle (URV) [126]lunar landing module; reusable orbital shipIn developing[127]
Lunar mission oneunnamedlunar landing moduleProposed (2014)[128]
Masten space systemsXEUSlunar landing moduleMatching[117]
Masten space systemsXl-1lunar landing moduleIn developing[129]
Moon expressMX-1lunar landing moduleTest[117] [130]
Odyssey moonMoonOne (M-1)moon roverProject canceled[131]
Omega envoySaganmoon roverProject canceled[132]
OrbitbeyondZ-01lunar landing modules and moon roversProposed (2018)[133] [134]
PtscientistsAudi Lunar quattromoon roverTest[135]
PtscientistsALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module)lunar landing moduleIn developing[136]
Puli Space TechnologiesPulimoon roverFundraising[137]
Team FREDNETPicorovermoon roverProject canceled[138]
Team italiaAMALIA (Ascensio Machinae Ad Lunam Italica Arte)moon roverProject canceled[139]
Team indusHhk-1lunar landing moduleIn developing
Team indusECAmoon roverIn developing
TransOrbitalTrailblazerlunar orbiterProject canceled[140]
Team plan bPlan bmoon roverProject canceled
Space ilBeresheetlunar landing module1 crashed on landing
STELLARStellar eaglemoon roverProject canceled[141]
Synergy moonTeslamoon roverIn developing[142]

Research craft and tech demonstrators

Company nameSpacecraft nameThe purpose of the spacecraftSpacecraft statusLink
ARCADemonstrator 2bdemonstrate reusable monopropellant engineNo longer produce
Armadillo aerospaceQuaddemonstrate VTOLNo longer produce
ASRIAUSROC Isystem testingNo longer produce
AUSROC IIlifting capacity up to 10 kmNo longer produce
AUSROC 2.5system testingTest
AUSROC IIIcarrying capacity from 150 kg to 500 kmIn developing
Blue originGoddarddemonstrate VTOLNo longer produce
Interorbital systemsNeutrinosystem testingIn operation
Tachyonsystem testingIn operation[143]
Lockheed martinX-33demonstrate SSTOProject canceled
Masten space systemsXA-0.1demonstrate VTOLNo longer produce
XA-0.1BLunar Lander Challenge Level 1In operation
XA-0.1ELunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flightNo longer produce (12 flights)
XA-0.1E2commercial flightsDestroyed (115 flights)
XA-0.1E4commercial flightsNo longer produce (75 flights)
XA-0.1E5commercial flightsIn operation
XL-1Tterrestrial test bed for the XL-1 lunar landerIn developing
Xeuscommercial flightsIn developing
Mcdonnell douglasDC-Xdemonstrate VTOLNo longer produce (11 test flights)
Rotary rocketRoton atvdemonstrate VTOLNo longer produce (3 test flights)
Space Services Inc.Conestoga isystem testingNo longer produce (1 test)[93]
SpacexGrasshopperdemonstrate VTOLNo longer produce (8 tests)[144]
F9R Dev1refine VTOL (low altitude)Destroyed (5 flights)[145]
F9R Dev2refine VTOL (high altitude)Project canceled
Starhopperdemonstrate VTOLIn operation (2 test flights)
Swedish Space Corp.Maxuslifting capacity up to 700 kmIn operation
Maserlifting capacity up to 300 kmIn operation
UP AerospaceSpaceLoft XLlifting capacity up to 140 kmIn operation[146]
World view enterprisesTycho platformpayload up to 46 km and 300 kgIn operation[147]
zero2infinitynanobloon 1.0lifting capacity up to 32 kmIn operation[148]
nanobloon 2.0lifting capacity up to 33 kmIn operation
microbloon 1.0lifting capacity up to 24 kmIn operation
microbloon 2.0lifting capacity up to 31 kmIn operation
microbloon 3.0lifting capacity up to 27 kmIn operation

Notes

  1. ↑ Association of Spaceflight Professionals - H + Pedia . hpluspedia.org . Date of treatment July 31, 2018.
  2. ↑ Kisfaludy, Eddie (2012-06-17), Welcome to the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps , IMDb: Internet Movie Database , < https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8234746/ > . Retrieved July 31, 2018.  
  3. ↑ Seedhouse, Erik. Astronauts for Hire: The Emergence of the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps . Springer-Verlag: New York (2012).
  4. ↑ Association of Spaceflight Professionals - H + Pedia . hpluspedia.org . Date of treatment July 31, 2018.
  5. ↑ SpaceX Brochure v7 (unopened) (PDF) (link not available) . Date of treatment May 29, 2012. Archived March 20, 2012.
  6. ↑ Bergin, Chris Dragon enjoying ISS stay, despite minor issues - Falcon 9 investigation begins (neopr.) . NASASpaceflight.com (October 19, 2012). - “ CRS-2 will debut the use of Dragon's Trunk section, capable of delivering unpressurized cargo, prior to the payload being removed by the ISS 'robotic assets after berthing. ". Date of treatment October 21, 2012.
  7. ↑ Fact sheet (unopened) (PDF). www.spacex.com .
  8. ↑ Falcon 9 launches Dragon on CRS-1 mission to the ISS - NASASpaceFlight.com ( unopened ) . www.nasaspaceflight.com .
  9. ↑ Dragonlab Datasheet (unopened) (PDF) (link not available) . Date of treatment May 29, 2012. Archived January 4, 2011.
  10. ↑ 1 2 3 Cygnus Fast Sheet (neopr.) . Orbital Sciences Co .. Date accessed August 7, 2013.
  11. ↑ The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012 (Neopr.) . Federal Aviation Administration (February 2012). Date of treatment February 8, 2013.
  12. ↑ 1 2 3 Cygnus Spacecraft Information (neopr.) . Spaceflight101 .
  13. ↑ NSRC Day 2 Summary (Neopr.) . Parabolic Arc. Date of treatment June 6, 2016.
  14. ↑ 1 2 Sierra Nevada Hopes Dream Chaser Finds "Sweet Spot" of ISS Cargo Competition (neopr.) . SpaceNews. Date of treatment February 20, 2016.
  15. ↑ Commercial Human Spaceflight Plan Unveiled , Aviation Week (July 20, 2010). Date of appeal September 16, 2010.
  16. ↑ 1 2 Burghardt. Boeing CST-100: Commercial Crew Transportation System (Neopr.) . Boeing (August 2011). Date of treatment May 8, 2014. Archived on May 1, 2013.
  17. ↑ Error of use Template: cite press release : Title parameter must be defined
  18. ↑ Chang . Businesses Take Flight, With Help From NASA , New York Times (February 1, 2011), S. D1. Archived January 6, 2014. Date of treatment August 29, 2012.
  19. ↑ Wade. Dream Chaser (Neopr.) . Encyclopedia Astronautix. Date of treatment August 29, 2012. Archived January 6, 2014.
  20. ↑ Sirangelo. NewSpace 2011: Sierra Nevada Corporation (Neopr.) . Spacevidcast (August 2011). Date of treatment August 16, 2011. Sirangelo. Flight Plans and Crews for Commercial Dream Chaser's First Flight: One-on-One Interview With SNC VP Mark Sirangelo (Part 3) (neopr.) . AmericaSpace (August 24, 2014).
  21. ↑ Falcon 9 (neopr.) . SpaceX. Date of treatment January 20, 2016. Archived July 15, 2013.
  22. ↑ SpaceX Brochure - 2008 (Neopr.) (PDF). Date of treatment December 9, 2010. Archived March 20, 2012.
  23. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Making Life Multiplanetary (Neopr.) . SpaceX (October 18, 2017). Date of treatment November 19, 2017. Archived November 19, 2017.
  24. ↑ Haas2b specifications ARCA
  25. ↑ Haas2c specifications ARCA
  26. ↑ Super haas Specifications Archived on October 9, 2014. ARCA
  27. ↑ AUSROC Nano | Australian Space Research Institute (neopr.) . www.asri.org.au. Date of treatment February 20, 2018.
  28. ↑ SKY7 spots stealthy space startup Test its rocket in Alameda (February 16, 2018). Date of treatment February 18, 2018.
  29. ↑ Astra Space preparing for suborbital test launch , SpaceNews . Date of treatment April 28, 2018.
  30. ↑ Super Cali upstart's new rocket test approaches, even though the size of it won't launch a Tesla motor , The Register . Date of treatment April 28, 2018.
  31. ↑ https://www.space.com/42657-astra-space-suborbital-launch-fails-november-2018.html
  32. ↑ A Closer Look at Astra Space , Parabolic Arc . Date of treatment April 28, 2018.
  33. ↑ SALVO Cubesat Rocket Debuts Stealth Launch Vehicle Era (neopr.) . AmericaSpace . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  34. ↑ Ventions, LLC to launch liquid-fueled rocket from Wallops this week , NewSpace Watch (November 5, 2012). Date of treatment November 6, 2012.
  35. ↑ Pike. Airborne Launch Assist Space Access (ALASA) (neopr.) . www.globalsecurity.org .
  36. ↑ Blue Origin Announces Big 'New Glenn' Rocket for Satellite & Crew Launches , Space.com . Date of treatment October 14, 2016.
  37. ↑ Henry . Blue Origin enlarges New Glenn's payload fairing, preparing to debut upgraded New Shepard , SpaceNews (September 12, 2017). Date of appeal October 25, 2017.
  38. ↑ Canadian Arrow (neopr.) . www.astronautix.com .
  39. ↑ Edison Effect | Aerospace (neopr.) . edisoneffect.tech . Date of treatment February 20, 2018.
  40. ↑ Vázquez. Datiotec, los mexicanos que van en busca del espacio perdido (neopr.) (May 17, 2017).
  41. ↑ Foust. Exos Aerospace prepares for first suborbital launch (neopr.) . Space New (March 23, 2018).
  42. ↑ Stig-B / SARGE (neopr.) . space.skyrocket.de .
  43. ↑ General Astronautics Urania 2001-02-01
  44. ↑ Firefly Space Systems Adds General Astronautics as Strategic Partner - Parabolic Arc (Neopr.) . www.parabolicarc.com .
  45. ↑ 1 2 Gilmour Space Tech - Small Launch Vehicles - Australia, Singapore (Neopr.) . Rocket company in Australia - Singapore - Gilmour Space Technologies .
  46. ↑ Tyler. First-of-its-kind hypersonic flight booster tested at Cecil ... (neopr.) . www.news4jax.com .
  47. ↑ LAUNCH SERVICES (unspecified) . Independence-X Aerospace .
  48. ↑ ABOUT US (unopened) . Independence-X Aerospace .
  49. ↑ 1 2 3 Interorbital Systems Neptune Archived on January 8, 2009. Interorbital systems
  50. ↑ 1 2 Neptune (neopr.) . space.skyrocket.de .
  51. ↑ Japanese company preparing for country first private rocket launch . Ars Technica . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  52. ↑ Swapna Krishna. Japan's first private rocket launch is a partial success . Engadget (July 31, 2017).
  53. ↑ Leaf Space Primo . Date of treatment February 6, 2018.
  54. ↑ Leaf Space Building 20 Ground Station Network for SmallSat Market - Via Satellite - (Neopr.) (December 16, 2015).
  55. ↑ Pioneers of Private Astronautics in Russia: Lin Industrial - The Dialogue (Eng.) , The Dialogue (April 5, 2016). Date of appeal October 16, 2016.
  56. ↑ Lin Industrial - Taimyr ultralight rocket (neopr.) . spacelin.ru .
  57. ↑ X-33 / VentureStar - What really happened - NASASpaceFlight.com ( unopened ) . www.nasaspaceflight.com . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  58. ↑ 1 2 3 Mishaal Aerospace (neopr.) . www.mishaalaerospace.com . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  59. ↑ 1 2 3 MISHAAL Aerospace Receives Letter of Intent for Launch - Parabolic Arc (neopr.) . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  60. ↑ [1] (inaccessible link)
  61. ↑ Mishaal Aerospace (neopr.) . www.mishaalaerospace.com .
  62. ↑ Mishaal Aerospace (neopr.) . www.mishaalaerospace.com .
  63. ↑ China's private space sector has achieved liftoff. Michelle Toh and Serenitie Wang, CNN News . May 17, 2018.
  64. ↑ Archived copy (unopened) . Date of treatment May 19, 2018. Archived on May 14, 2018.
  65. ↑ OS-M2 - OneSpace 零 壹 空间 ( unspecified ) . www.onespacechina.com .
  66. ↑ OS-M4 - OneSpace 零 壹 空间 ( unspecified ) . www.onespacechina.com .
  67. ↑ https://spacenews.com/orbex-stakes-claim-to-european-smallsat-launch-market/
  68. ↑ Orbital ATK (neopr.) . www.orbital.com . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  69. ↑ Taurus (neopr.) . archive.org (November 22, 2013). Date of treatment September 23, 2014. Archived November 22, 2013.
  70. ↑ Clark. Taurus rocket on the market with new name, upgrades (neopr.) . Spaceflight Now (February 24, 2014). Date of treatment September 22, 2014.
  71. ↑ Minotaur C (neopr.) . orbital.com . Date of treatment September 23, 2014.
  72. ↑ OTRAG ( unopened ) . space.skyrocket.de . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  73. ↑ Giménez, Jorge. PLD Space fabricará los primeros motores de combustible líquido de España (Spanish) // Defensa global y avances en el desarrollo argentino. - 2015 .-- March 16.
  74. ↑ 1 2 PLD Space (unspecified) . www.pldspace.com . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  75. ↑ PLD Space raises additional $ 10 million for reusable smallsat launchers - SpaceNews.com ( unopened ) (June 11, 2018).
  76. ↑ Eric Berger. Relativity Space reveals its ambitions with big NASA deal (unopened) . Ars Technica (March 21, 2018). Date of appeal March 25, 2018.
  77. ↑ Intrepid-1 - Rocket Crafters Inc. (unspecified) . rocketcrafters.space . Date of treatment February 6, 2018. Archived July 19, 2018.
  78. ↑ Rocket Crafters granted new patent for 3D printed rocket fuel (neopr.) .
  79. ↑ NZ's first space launch saved by $ 6 replacement part , The New Zealand Herald (November 30, 2009). Date of treatment September 22, 2011.
  80. ↑ Archived copy (unopened) . Date of treatment November 30, 2009. Archived October 11, 2009.
  81. ↑ Archived copy (unopened) . Date accessed July 27, 2018. Archived September 11, 2011.
  82. ↑ Electron • Rocket Lab (Neopr.) . www.rocketlabusa.com . Date of treatment June 6, 2015. Archived on April 17, 2015.
  83. ↑ https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a18245/rocketstar-space-single-stage-to-orbit/
  84. ↑ Space technologies - Skyrora - SKYRORA 1 (neopr.) . Space technologies - Skyrora .
  85. ↑ UK-Ukrainian launch vehicle developer Skyrora to establish smallsat launch site - SpaceNews.com (neopr.) (February 1, 2018).
  86. ↑ Space technologies - Skyrora - SKYRORA XL (neopr.) . Space technologies - Skyrora .
  87. ↑ UK-Ukrainian satellite launch vehicle developer Skyrora to test its first rocket in 2018 - (neopr.) (February 8, 2018).
  88. ↑ 1 2 SIR - Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket Project - SpaceForest (neopr.) .
  89. ↑ Test experiments on research rockets - SpaceForest (neopr.) .
  90. ↑ SpaceForest - Rocket engine, diagram, design, tests (unopened) .
  91. ↑ Demonstrator rocket - SpaceForest (neopr.) .
  92. ↑ SpaceForest receives financing for the SIR rocket (English) , Kosmonauta.net (January 7, 2018). Date of treatment August 2, 2018.
  93. ↑ 1 2 3 TSE - Conestoga (Neopr.) . www.tbs-satellite.com . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  94. ↑ SpaceLS - Space Launch Services - Low cost space launch services (unopened) . www.spacels.com . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  95. ↑ SpaceLS develops commercial rocket to launch small satellites - The Engineer The Engineer (neopr.) . www.theengineer.co.uk . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  96. ↑ 1 2 Space Exploration Technologies Corporation - Falcon 1 Archived on September 14, 2010.
  97. ↑ Space Exploration Technologies Corporation - Press Archived March 26, 2013.
  98. ↑ 1 2 3 4 spacexcmsadmin. Falcon 9 (Neopr.) (November 15, 2012). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
  99. ↑ 1 2 Archived copy (unopened) . Date of treatment August 30, 2016. Archived May 1, 2013.
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Links

  • CubeSat Database & Nanosatellites
  • Newspace index


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Clever Geek | 2019