Rachel Gordon Foster Avery
| Rachel Foster Avery | |
|---|---|
| English Rachel Foster Avery | |
 | |
| Birth name | Rachel Foster ( English Rachel Foster ) |
| Date of Birth | December 30, 1858 |
| Place of Birth | Pittsburgh , PA , USA |
| Date of death | October 26, 1919 (60 years old) |
| Place of death | |
| Citizenship |  USA |
| Occupation | social activist |
| Education | University of Zurich |
| Religion | Quakers |
| Main ideas | women's suffrage |
| Father | James Heiron Foster ( English James Heron Foster ) |
| Mother | Julia Manuel Foster ( English Julia Manuel Foster ) |
| Spouse | Cyrus Miller Avery ( English Cyrus Miller Avery ) |
| Children | Mariam Alice Foster (Rose Miriam Alice Foster ) Rose Foster Avery ( born Rose Foster Avery ) Julia Foster Avery ( English Julia Foster Avery ) |
Content
Biography
Born December 30, 1858 in the progressive Pittsburgh family of James Heiron Foster (politician and journalist, editor-in-chief of the Pittsburgh Dispatch newspaper [1] ) and Julia Manuel Foster [2] . Julia's teacher at Sunday School was a well-known social activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton , who remained friends with her student for many years. Stanton held meetings of like-minded people at the Foster home, and Julia was vice president of the local suffragist community [3] [4] [5] .
Education Rachel received in a private school . In 1868, the girl survived the death of her father, and in 1871, together with her mother and sister Julia, she moved to Philadelphia [1] . At the age of seventeen, she began writing articles for various newspapers, traveled to Europe with her family, and studied political economy at the University of Zurich . In the winter of 1879, Foster attended the congress of the National Association for Women's Electoral Law and the next year she began to work there as a secretary by correspondence. She was the leader of the suffrage campaign in Nebraska in 1882 [3] [6] .
Rachel convinced the Governor of Wyoming (then having the status of territory ) John Hoyt provide the shorthand of his lecture, “ The Good Results of Thirteen Years Experience of Women's Voting in Wyoming Territory .” After that, she at her own expense printed 20,000 leaflets with this lecture, which she distributed in Pennsylvania [3] .
Rachel was friends and worked closely with activist Susan Anthony , whom she affectionately called "Aunt Susan" [6] [3] . To ensure the financial security of Anthony in old age, Foster donated her money to her, and also conducted fundraising among other suffragists [6] . In 1883, they traveled together to Europe, visiting France , Italy , Switzerland and Germany [3] .
In 1887, Rachel adopted a girl whom she named Mariam ( born Miriam Alice Foster ) [3] .
Foster helped create the International Council of Women (1888) and served as his secretary from 1889 to 1893 [6] [7] . On November 8, 1888, Foster married Cyrus Avery, whom she met at the congress of this council. Their wedding was conducted by priests Charles Ames and Anna Howard Shaw [comm. 1] . Subsequently, the couple had two children: girls Rosa and Julia [3] .
Avery also served as secretary of the National Council of Women from 1891 to 1893, of the World Congress of Representative Women ; 1893, and of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance from 1904. through 1909. In 1907, she took up the post of first vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and three years later she announced her resignation. In 1908, she was the head of the Pennsylvania Suffrage Association [6] .
She died on October 26, 1919 [6] .
Some publications
- Negotiations between the American and National Woman Suffrage Associations in regard to union (1888) - Foster's work on the negotiations of the American and National Suffrage associations on a possible union [8] ;
- Transactions of the national council of women of the United States (1891) - literary essays by members of the US National Council of Women edited by Avery [9] ;
- Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (1898) - literary work from the thirtieth annual convention of the National American Suffrage Association, which includes the work of Avery [10] .
Notes
- Comments
- ↑ American suffragist and doctor. One of the first women was Methodist clergy.
- Anna Howard Shaw | American minister . Encyclopedia Britannica. Circulation date May 15, 2019.
- Sources
- ↑ 1 2 Funeral for J. Heron Foster, editor-in-chief of the Pittsburgh Dispatch. (eng.) . Newspapers.com. Circulation date May 14, 2019.
- ↑ Edward T. James, Janet Wilson James, Paul S. Boyer, Radcliffe College. Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary . - Harvard University Press, 1971. - 2172 p. - ISBN 9780674627345 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Willard, Livermore, 1893 .
- ↑ Healey, O′Brien, 2015 .
- ↑ Cooper, 1896 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cullen-DuPont, 1996 .
- ↑ Rachel Foster Avery . Women In Peace. Circulation date May 22, 2019.
- ↑ Rachel Foster Avery. Negotiations between the American and National Woman Suffrage Associations in regard to union. . - Washington, 1888.
- ↑ National Council of Women of the United States., Rachel Foster Avery. Transactions of the National Council of Women of the United States: assembled in Washington, DC, February 22 to 25, 1891 . - Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1891. - 372 p. with. - ISBN 9780837011608 .
- ↑ Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association: and the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the First Woman's Rights Convention, at the Columbia Theater ... Washington, DC, February 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 , 18, 19, 1898 / National American Woman Suffrage Association, Convention, Rachel Foster Avery, National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection (Library of Congress), Susan B. Anthony Collection (Library of Congress). - Washington, DC: The Association, 1898.
Literature
- Cooper, Walter Gerald. The Cotton States and International Exposition and South, Illustrated: Including the Official History of the Exposition . - Public domain. - Illustrator Company, 1896. (English)
- Willard, Livermore, Frances Elizabeth, Mary Ashton Ric. A woman of the century; fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life. - 1st. - New York, Moulton: Buffalo, 1893. (English)
- Healey, O′Brien, Joseph F., Eileen. Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class, The Sociology of Group Conflict and Change. - 7th. - SAGE, 2015 .-- ISBN 978-0-375-70263-1 . (eng.)
- Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn. Encyclopedia of Women's History in America. - New York: Da Capo Press, 1996 .-- ISBN 978-0306808685 . (eng.)