Grozny Petroleum Research Institute

Beginning

After the nationalization of industry in 1920, research in Grozny was carried out by disparate factory laboratories. At the end of 1920, these laboratories were merged into the Grozneft Central Laboratory, headed by I.O. Luchinsky. In 1927, 47 qualified specialists worked in 13 laboratories of the organization. On November 7, 1928, the Grozny Petroleum Research Institute was officially opened - the first of its kind in the country ^[1] .

The Institute found that most of the oil extracted in Chechnya is paraffin . Based on this study, it was decided to build the Grozny Paraffin Plant, which was commissioned in 1928 ^[1] .

The institute developed the scientific basis for thermal cracking . This allowed the commissioning of a large number of industrial cracking units , which made Grozny one of the largest producers of motor gasoline in the country ^[1] .

In the 1930s, the institute began research in the production of high-octane aviation gasolines and residual oils. In 1938, a plant for the production of residual oils with selective solvents was built in Grozny ^[1] .

World War II

Grozny took second place in the country in oil production after Baku , almost equal in oil refining and first in the production of aviation gasoline. In 1941, 31 million tons of oil was produced in the USSR, 23 of them in Azerbaijan, 4 million tons in Chechen-Ingushetia, and the rest in small fields of the USSR. Grozny refined not only the oil produced in the republic, but also supplied from other regions, including Baku. At the same time, imported oil was processed into A-76 gasoline for vehicles, and exclusively oil produced in the republic was used to produce aviation gasoline. Almost all of the USSR fighter aircraft used Grozny aviation gasoline ^[2] .

The alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins was discovered at the Leningrad State Institute of High Pressure in 1935. In 1941, Grozny was the first in the USSR to develop an industrial technology for this process. In 1941, a unit for phosphoric acid polymerization of olefins was commissioned, and a year later, a unit for sulfuric acid alkylation and catalytic purification of petroleum distillates ^[1] .

Workers of the Grozny Research Institute have established the production of a combustible mixture for fighting tanks ^[3] . The Grozny Oil Refinery No. 2, thanks to the development of the GrozNII, was able to arrange the production of the best grades of aviation gasoline, fulfill the annual plan 1.5 months ahead of schedule and increase production by 25% ^[4] .

Based on the data of the Grozny Research Institute, Grozgiproneftekhim designed the country's first industrial plant for sulfuric acid alkylation, built in Grozny in 1942 ^[1] .

Post-war period

After the war, the institute began to build experimental facilities to study the structural, chemical and technological aspects of the processes studied at the institute ^[1] .

In 1946, with the joint efforts of the GrozNII and Giprogrozneft, the first pilot industrial catalytic cracking unit with a movable ball catalyst was commissioned at the Grozny Cracking Plant at the Grozny Cracking Plant. In 1950, the country's first industrial catalytic cracking unit was commissioned. The Institute, in collaboration with the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Oil Refining Industry , developed a technology for the preparation of aluminosilicate catalysts ^[1] .

In the early 1950s, the Institute developed a technology for producing paraffin wax using a continuous method using selective solvents ^[1] .

In 1958, the institute developed a technology for producing effective adsorbents — zeolites ( molecular sieves ), and in 1960 the Grozny cracking plant began their industrial production ^[1] .

In 1965, the institute was divided into the Grozny Oil Research Institute for Oil Processing and the North Caucasus Oil Research Institute for Oil Production (SevkavNIPINEft) ^[5] .

In the 1960s, the joint efforts of the GrozNII and Grozneftekhim created the GK installation, which included catalytic cracking, atmospheric and vacuum distillation of raw materials, gas fractionation and visbreaking ^[1] .

In 1970, the institute became the country's leading scientific institution in the field of improving the process of sulfuric acid alkylation of isobutane with olefins ^[1] .

On September 21, 1978, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for success in work and on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of its founding ^[5] .

Current status

Based on the Institute’s data, oil refineries were built in the USSR and abroad. The Institute’s developments were put into production at dozens of domestic and foreign enterprises. The institute has developed a technology of hydrogenation oil refining at low pressure, which has no analogues in the world. In 2004, the Institute developed the Comprehensive Program for Restoring the Oil Refining Industry, Processing Raw Materials of Technogenic Origin, Associated Petroleum Gas in the Chechen Republic. The further development of the institute is restrained by the experimental base destroyed during the Chechen conflict ^[1] .

• Akhmadov Y. Z. , Khasmagomadov E. Kh. History of Chechnya in the XIX-XX centuries. - M .: "Pulse", 2005. - 996 p. - 1200 copies. - ISBN 5-93486-046-1 .
• Kazakov A.I. (compiler). City Grozniy. - Gr. : Chechen-Ingush Book Publishing House, 1984. - 190 p. - 15,000 copies.
• Rich A.V. Grozny and Chechen-Ingushetia in badges and postal publications. - Israel: A.G. studio plus design, 2016 .-- S. 79-80. - 168 p. - ISBN 978-965-555-874-6 .

• Kh. Kh. Akhmadov, L. Sh. Makhmudov, Zh. T. Khadisova, Z. A. Abdulmezhidova, A.S. Sadulaev. The main stages of the formation and development of the GrozNII (neopr.) . CyberLeninka (2008). Circulation date May 10, 2019.