Crimean railway

The road consists of three locomotive depots ( Simferopol , Dzhankoy , Kerch ), a car depot in Dzhankoy , two passenger depots with a repair base, one motor car depot (in Simferopol), track distances, signaling and communications, electrification. Until 2016, the road did not have its own track machine station (PMS) for the overhaul of the track. Until 2014, directorate stations worked mainly for unloading, providing the bulk of the annual transshipment of the ports of Crimea, in 2013 amounting to 11 million tons. The main loading is the removal of fluxes from Balaklava quarry management .

In November 2014, a railway freight ferry service through the Kerch Strait was resumed, as of 2014, three railway ferries ply: two on the Caucasus – Crimea route ^[5] , one on the Caucasus – Kerch route.

Main lines

The main lines:

• Salt Lake - Chistenkaya - double-track line, electrified with direct current. Plot Chistenkaya - Sevastopol - single-track, electrified.
• Ostryakovo - Yevpatoriya - single-track line on direct current electric traction.
• Dzhankoy - Feodosia - single track line on diesel traction.
• Vladislavovka - Crimea - single track line on diesel traction.
• Dzhankoy - Armyansk - single track line on diesel traction.

Designed (under construction) lines:

• Chistopol - Kerch-Yuzhnaya - Taman-Passenger station - double-track line, electrified with alternating current.

The railway borders with the following roads:

•   Dnieper railway (Salt Lake - Sivash, closed)
•   Odessa Railway (Armyansk - Vadim, closed)
•   North Caucasus Railway :
  • ferries Crimea - Caucasus and Kerch - Caucasus, operating
  • Ferry Kerch-South - Taman-Passenger ( Crimean bridge ), under construction.

Timeline of line development:

• October 14, 1874 - the actual border with modern Ukraine (from Melitopol ) - Simferopol ;
• September 15, 1875 - Simferopol - Sevastopol ;
• 1896 - Dzhankoy - Theodosius
• 1900 - Vladislavovka - Kerch
• 1915 - Ostryakovo - Evpatoria
• 1935 - Dzhankoy - Armyansk
• 1944 - Armyansk - border with the Ukrainian SSR (and further to Kherson )
• 1951 - Kerch - port of Crimea
• 1953 - Inkerman I - Inkerman II
• 1969 - Inkerman II - Reed Bay

The territorial predecessor of the modern Crimean railway was the Crimean Directorate of the Dnieper Railway . Until March 15, 2014, the directorate was subordinate to the Dnieper Railway, after which it was reassigned to the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea . After the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation, the Russian authorities of Crimea decided to form the state-owned enterprise Crimean Railway (later the State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Kazakhstan Crimean Railway ^[6] ) on the basis of railway transport enterprises located in the Republic of Crimea ^{[7] [8]} . In 2015, the railway infrastructure of Sevastopol was subordinated to the enterprise ^[9] , in the same year it was transferred by the Crimean authorities to the ownership of the Russian Federation ^{[10] [2] [11]} , in 2016 the Crimean Railway was transformed into a federal state unitary enterprise ^{[1] ] [12]} . Ukraine, which did not recognize the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation, did not recognize the transfer of the railway infrastructure of Crimea to KZD and expressed its intention to sue ^{[13] [14] [15]} .

During the events of the spring of 2014, all new railway equipment, including ChS7 electric locomotives , track cars and new series wagons, was taken from Crimea to mainland Ukraine ^[16] . The Melitopol-Sivash section (with a branch to Genichesk) of the former Crimean Directorate in the Kherson and Zaporizhzhya regions of Ukraine was transferred to the Zaporizhzhya Directorate of the Dnieper Railway.

At first, on the trains of long-distance trains, subordinated to the Crimean Railway, the coat of arms of Ukraine and the UZ logo were painted over, replaced by the coat of arms of the Republic of Crimea and the abbreviation “KZD”, but the blue-yellow color scheme was preserved [1] . Also, on passenger cars, the registration code was changed from Ukrainian 045 and 046 to Crimean 085.

The condition of the infrastructure and rolling stock of the road at the time of its formation was poor. In mid-October 2014, Russian Railways and Goszheldornadzor experts examined the railway and came to the conclusion that the track structure and turnouts are in poor condition. As a result, in some sections the speed of trains was recommended to be reduced to 40, 25, and in places to 10 km / h. The acting chief of the road A. Karakulkin said that “there is no point in even repairing the equipment. She is out of date. We took such a Crimean Railways from the Dnieper Railway ” ^[17] .

From December 26, 2014, on the initiative of the Ukrainian side, freight was stopped, and from December 27, passenger communication with the Crimea from Ukraine ^[18] .

In 2014, loading amounted to 3.9 million tons, which is 41.5% less than in 2013, unloading decreased by 21.8% ^[19] .

During the period of the power blockade of Crimea 2015-2016, the operation of electric rolling stock was completely stopped on the railway; all routes of electric trains were replaced by trains from TEP70 diesel locomotives, which were leased from the Oktyabrskaya Railway, and 3-6 seater cars.

From April 25 to May 26, 2016, overhaul of the Crimean railway tracks was carried out on the line between the stations of Efremovskaya and Krasnopartizanskaya ^[20] .

Until January 30, 2016, passenger communications with Moscow , Voronezh , and Rostov-on-Don were carried out according to the intermodal scheme “train + ferry + train”.

December 20, 2016 the company was included in the US sanctions list ^[21] .

In 2017, passenger traffic grew by 375 thousand and reached 3.3 million passengers. 53 kilometers of the rail-sleeper grid were replaced, including 41.3 kilometers of seamless track, which allowed to increase the speed to 100 km / h. At the entire training ground, the replacement of copper communication cables with fiber-optic was completed. ^[22]

Road Chiefs

• Andrey Karakulkin: March 26, 2014 - March 6, 2015,
• Alexey Chernyaev: March 27 (acting from March 6) - September 24, 2015,
• Victor Rebets: from September 24, 2015
• Alexey Gladilin: since June 20 (acting since March 29) 2016.

According to the “Strategy for the Development of Railway Transport of the Russian Federation until 2030”, prepared by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation in 2014, it is planned to allocate 135.4 billion rubles for the development of the railway infrastructure of the Republic of Crimea and the city ​​of Sevastopol ^[17] . The construction of the new Proletnaya - Kerch railway line and a number of new railway stations, including large ones, as well as the modernization of the line from Dzhankoy to Feodosiya and Kerch, with a length of about 207 kilometers, are envisaged. It is also planned to transfer all the railway lines of the Crimean peninsula to alternating current 25 kV .

On May 1, 2014, a joint venture between Avtodor Group of Companies and Russian Railways OJSC, the Kerch Bridge Crossing LLC, was created to build the Crimean railway bridge across the Kerch Strait. The construction involves the reconstruction of the Kerch - Armyansk railway, with the construction of the second main tracks and electrification. A full renewal of the rolling stock of KZD is also planned. The opening of the railway part of the Kerch Bridge is scheduled for December 2019. The completion of the bridge’s construction should restore cargo flows that were disrupted after the accession of Crimea to the Russian Federation ^{[13] [23]} .

Suburban train routes

Former Routes

The table does not include the shortening of the routes Simferopol - Novoalekseevka - Melitopol and Feodosia - Vadim , made in connection with the actual transformation of the border of the Kherson region and Crimea into the state border .

Long-distance Routes

Starting December 8, 2019, long-distance trains between the Crimea and the rest of the Russian Federation are expected to be launched on the newly-built Crimean bridge . The order of formation of trains in this direction will be determined additionally.

Former Routes

• 39/40 Simferopol - Belgorod - Moscow-Kurskaya (every other day in winter)
• 67/68 " Crimea " Simferopol - Belgorod - Moscow-Kurskaya (every other day in winter)
• 97/98 Kerch - Dzhankoy (every other day, direct trains Kerch - Moscow to train 39/40)
• 561/562 Simferopol - Rostov-on-Don - Moscow-Kazanskaya (cruised on an intermodal scheme with different trains serving on both sides of the Kerch crossing ).
• 601/602, 603/604, 605/606 Simferopol - Dzhankoy.
• 609/610 Dzhankoy - Armyansk .
• 617/618 Sevastopol - Simferopol (every other day, direct trains Sevastopol - Moscow to train 67/68)
• 649/650 Simferopol - Armyansk (every other day)
• 667/668 Evpatoria - Simferopol (every other day in winter, direct trains Evpatoria - Moscow to train 67/68)
• 697/698 Theodosius - Vladislavovka (winter, as directed)

•  

  Simferopol Passenger , apron view

•  

  Station in Dzhankoy

• Beşui Railway

• Official website of the Crimean Railway
• Schedules and sizes of movement of long-distance trains in communication with Crimea , Russian Railways