Clever Geek Handbook
📜 ⬆️ ⬇️

Rhodiola rosea

Rhodiola rosea (also known as the golden root , pink root ) ( lat. Rhodíola rósea ) - a perennial herb; species of the genus Rhodiola of the family Crassulaceae ( Crassulaceae ). The plant received the name "golden root" according to the rhizome , which has the color of bronze or old gilding with a pearly sheen.

Rhodiola rosea
Rhodiola rosea - Berlin Botanical Garden - IMG 8501.JPG
Rhodiola is pink. General view of a flowering plant in the Berlin Botanical Garden
Scientific classification
Domain:Eukaryotes
Kingdom:Plants
Kingdom :Green plants
Department:Flowering
Grade:Dicotyledonous [1]
Order:Stone-flowered
Family:Crassulaceae
Subfamily :Stonecrop
Tribe :Stonecrop
Subtribe :Telephiinae
Gender:Rhodiola
View:Rhodiola rosea
International scientific name

Rhodiola rosea L. (1753)

It is included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation (category 3; is protected throughout its range, except for the Krasnoyarsk and Altai territories, the Magadan region and the Republic of Tyva) [2] .

Distribution and habitat

General view of a flowering plant. Norway

It grows in regions with a cold and temperate climate , including North America , Great Britain and Ireland , in alpine mountain meadows (in the Alps , Pyrenees , Carpathians ) and in the Pamirs.

In Russia - in Altai , the Urals , in the polar regions of Yakutia , in the mountainous regions of Eastern Siberia , Western Siberia and the Far East , on the coast of the White and Barents Seas.

Botanical Description

Perennial succulent dioecious herbaceous plant with a powerful horizontal rhizome and thin subordinate roots.

Young Rhodiola sprouts in early spring

Usually, Rhodiola has several erect non-branched stems (up to 10-15 pieces), about 10-40 cm high, plants with one stem are less common.

Leaves are sessile, alternate, oblong-ovate, elliptical or pointed, whole-edge or serrate-serrated in the upper part.

The inflorescence is corymbose, multi-flowered, the flowers are yellow unisexual, four-, rarely five-membered.

Fruits are erect greenish leafy leaves .

Flowering time - June – July; fruit ripening occurs in July – August. Vegetative propagation and seeded .

The plant is not very demanding on heat and light, but is demanding on moisture and needs plenty of flowing moisture.

Biologically active components

In the underground part of Rhodiola rosea, scientists found about 140 components [3] .

Rhizomes with roots of rhodiola contain phenols and their derivatives (in%): tyrosol - 0.25, salidroside - 0.51-1.39 [4] ; aromatic compounds : rosavin - 1-2.5%, cinnamon, rosin, rosarin [5] [6] ; carbohydrates : glucose and fructose - 2.31, sucrose - 0.53, sedoheptulose [7] ; organic acids (oxalic, malic, succinic, citric) - 0.15 [8] [9] ; terpenoids (rosiridine, rosiridol) [10] ; essential oil - 0.8-0.9 (about 86 components were found in its composition, including cinnamaldehyde, citral, phenylethyl alcohol, 3-phenylethyl acetate, geraniol, geranyl acetate, etc.); steroids : r-sitosterol [7] [9] [11] ; phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives (gallic, gallic acid methyl ester) [9] [12] ; tannins - 15.9-20.25 [9] [13] ; flavonoids (campferol, astragaline, kempferol 7-rhamnoside, tricin, 5-glucoside and tricin 7-glucoside, rhodionine, rhodiosin, rhodiolin, acetylrodalgin, 8-methylherbacetin [9] [14] [12] [15] ; anthraquinones ; alkaloids [ 9] [13] . Also found trace elements (content in ash in%): manganese - up to 0.8, silver - 0.0002, zinc - 0.1, copper - 0.002, etc. [9]

Essential oil consists of the main classes of chemicals: monoterpene hydrocarbons (25.40%), monoterpene alcohols (23.61%) and straight chain aliphatic alcohols (37.54%) [11] .

The chemical composition of the essential oil from the rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea, grown in different countries, varies. So, the main component of rhodiola essential oil grown in Bulgaria is geraniol and myrtenol, in China - geraniol and octanol, and in India - phenylethyl alcohol. Cinnamon alcohol was found only in a sample from Bulgaria [16] . Rhodiola rosea, grown abroad, contains several times less essential oil than the gold root from Russia.

In the aboveground part, organic acids (oxalic, malic, citric, succinic), phenols and their derivatives (salidroside), phenol carboxylic acids (gallic, caffeic), coumarins, tannins, flavonoids (rhodionine, rhodionidine, rhodalin, rhodiolgin, rhodiolidin) were found . 7] [12] .

Gossipetin, rhodiolflavonoside, gallic acid, trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid, p-tyrosol were found in the stems of rhodiola [17] .

Pharmacological properties

Rhodiola alcohol extract is used in scientific medicine in Russia as a means of stimulating the central nervous system , in case of asthenic and neurasthenic conditions, increased fatigue, decreased working capacity, vegetative-vascular dystonia, in psychiatry, in case of functional diseases of the nervous system, in the rehabilitation period after somatic and infectious diseases, as well as in practically healthy people with reduced working capacity [18] .

It was shown in experiments that salidroside is a protective agent of human red blood cells from oxidative stress and can be a good adaptogen to increase the body's resistance to stress and fatigue [19] . In a mouse experiment, salidroside prevents the loss of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) under conditions of oxidative stress [20] . Salidroside in experiments on mice shows hypoglycemic activity, a neuroprotective effect [21] . Salidroside suppresses tumor metastases of human lymphosarcoma cells [22] and exerts an antiviral effect against the Coxsackie B3 virus [23] . Salidroside, rosavin and rosarin have a stimulating effect on the central nervous system [24] .

Gossipetin and Rhodiolflavonoside from Rhodiola rosea show an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and activity against prostate cancer cells [25] . Root extract, salidroside and rosavin show antimicrobial activity against gonorrhea bacillus Neisseria gonorrhoeae [26] .

The aqueous-alcoholic extract of Rhodiola has a positive effect to reduce attachment to narcotic drugs and reduces the body’s vulnerability to taking them again; it can be a very effective natural remedy for the treatment of opium addiction [27] . Rhodiola rosea extract has shown positive activity in the treatment of smoking addiction [28] . Rhodiola extract and salidroside have a therapeutic anti-stress effect when overeating [29] .

Rhodiola rosea extract and salidroside have a neuroprotective effect [30] . Taking rhodiola extract reduces the overall level of anxiety. [31] Rhodiola rosea has a rejuvenating effect on Drosophila [32] , slowing down insect aging, and its extract and salidroside inhibits the growth of cancer cells in the human bladder (Liu et al., 2012). Rhodiola rosea has various pharmacological activities of antioxidant, antidepressant, anticancer, etc. Rhodiola rosea root extract has anti-inflammatory effect. (Pooja et al., 2009). Rhodiola rosea extract, as well as tyrosol, salidroside, rosavin, exhibit a pronounced adaptogenic, anti-alterative effect and increase the resistance of tissues of various organs to damage [33] Rhodiola preparations have an adaptogenic effect, also having a neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidepressant, neuroleptic, neuroleptic, nootropic, nootropic, nootropic, life and stimulate the activity of the central nervous system. A number of clinical studies show that re-administering Rhodiola rosea drugs is effective against fatigue, it increases mental activity (in particular, ability to concentrate in healthy people), and reduces anxiety (fear) with fatigue syndrome. Good results were obtained with rhodiola in patients with mild to moderate depression and general anxiety [34]. A single dose of rhodiola extract has a strong, dose-independent, adaptogenic and anti-stress, antipsychotic, and stimulating effect in acute stress, and the extract in 6 weeks, containing 3% rosavin and 1% salidroside, is also effective for chronic stress exposure [35] . Rhodiola preparations have antitoxic (toxic effects), antihypnosis and anti-drug effects. vie, inhibit the development of experimental leukocytosis, hyper- and hypoglycemia, increase the resistance of animals to infection. Rhodiola extract, due to a combination of psychostimulating and adaptogenic properties, is a valuable therapeutic tool in healthy people with a tendency to asthenia (weakness) during work that requires increased mental stress. Asthenisation was manifested in decreased performance, difficulty falling asleep at night and some drowsiness during the day, poor appetite, irritability, and headaches. Rhodiola is very effective in asthenic conditions after somatic and infectious diseases, when taking the golden root, mental fatigue decreases, lethargy and daytime sleepiness disappear (without subsequent disturbance of night sleep), the feeling of being broken in the morning, mental and physical performance improves, focus is better, attention is reduced, or headache disappears. Thus, rhodiola preparations are indicated as a stimulant for overworked practically healthy people and patients with asthenic conditions after somatic or infectious diseases; with functional diseases of the nervous system - various forms of neurosis (hyposthenic stage of neurasthenia, psychasthenia), vegetative-vascular dystonia, hypotension, sexual disorders in men such as impotence.

The extract from the roots and rhizomes of Rhodiola has a pronounced stimulating property, significantly increases the volume of dynamic and static work. The increase in working capacity is especially noticeable when using rhodiola preparations against the background of fatigue and when performing heavy physical work. At the same time, Rhodiola normalizes metabolic processes , contributes to the economic expenditure of energy resources and their quick synthesis, improves energy metabolism in the muscles and brain due to the earlier use of not only carbohydrates, but also fats as oxidation substrates. Like ginseng preparations, Rhodiola rosea extract has adaptogenic properties and also inhibits the development of hyper- and hypoglycemia, leukocytosis and leukopenia in rabbits (Sokolov, Zamotaev, 1988). Rhodiola extract experimentally exerts an antitumor and antimetastatic effect, enhances the action of other cytostatics, reduces the level of hyper - and hypoglycemia, activates the function of the thyroid gland. Also, the use of the extract and tincture of Rhodiola rosea increases the body's resistance to infections, x-ray and ionizing radiation, toxic chemicals (gasoline, acetone, ethyl alcohol, chlorophos, medicines, etc.). In the experiment, the administration of 1 ml / kg of Rhodiola extract to rats within 8 days increased the production of β-endorphin by 4 times. An increase in endorphin production can be considered as one of the mechanisms of the stress-protective action [36] .

Rosavin, rosaries, rosin, rosiridine have properties similar to salidroside [37] .

Application

Roots and roots of Rhodiola rosea ( Latin Rhizoma et radix Rhodiolae roseae ) are used as medicinal raw materials . Raw materials are prepared from the end of flowering until the fruit fully ripens: they dig, clear from the ground, washed with water, free from rotted parts and cut into pieces. Dried in dryers at 50-60 ° C. Shelf life of raw materials is 3 years [38] .

It is valued as a medicinal plant, an adaptogen , which is not much inferior to ginseng . In medicine, both the aboveground and underground parts are used. From the aboveground parts, decoctions and lotions are used that are used in the treatment of trachoma . In addition, rhizomes are used in the treatment of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, skin diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis , bone fractures and many other diseases, such as antipyretic, restorative. It is used externally in the form of lotions or ointments for the treatment of wounds, with conjunctivitis , skin rashes, abscesses. Rhizome juice is used for jaundice and as an early cleanser.

Rhizomes and roots of the plant contain tyrosol , rhodioloside glycoside , essential oils, tannins, antraglycosides , malic , gallic , citric , succinic , oxalic acids, lactones , sterols , flavonols ( hyperazide , quercetin , isocvercetin , campferol ), carbohydrates (mainly sucrose ), lipids .

Medical Use

 
Pieces of dried Rhodiola rosea root

Rhodiola rosea is widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of mountain sickness and oxygen starvation [39] The underground part is used in Tibetan medicine for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. In folk medicine, decoction, tincture of rhizomes is used for metro and menorrhagia, diarrhea , fever, headache, scurvy [40] , to relieve fatigue and improve performance, for respiratory infections , like diuretic, for gout , diabetes [41] , with anemia, pulmonary tuberculosis, liver diseases, toothache [42] , diseases of the stomach, malaria , nervous diseases, impotence, loss of strength, overwork and as a tonic and tonic [43] . Outwardly (poultices, lotions from rhizomes of Rhodiola, its infusion and decoction) are used for conjunctivitis, abscesses, skin rashes; for lubricating gums - with pyorrhea. The juice was used as an early cleanser; drank it with jaundice, to exacerbate hearing [40] .

In traditional medicine of Mongolia, Rhodiola is used for bone fractures, various wounds, pulmonary tuberculosis, skin diseases, as an antipyretic and restorative. Aratian herders brew rhodiola rhizomes in water or broth and give emaciated and debilitated animals [44] .

In Altai, Rhodiola rosea is used for nervous and stomach diseases, as a tonic, for nasadas, diabetes , scrofula , profuse uterine bleeding, and as an anti-febrile drug [45] .

 
Rhodiola rosea liquid extract

The extract from the roots and rhizomes of Rhodiola in Russian scientific medicine is used for neurosis, hypotension , schizophrenia , physical and mental fatigue, vegetovascular dystonia, and asthenic conditions after various diseases. Rhodiola drugs increase mental performance, improve memory, increase the body's resistance to adverse effects. Rhodiola rosea positively affects the functions of the genital glands and genital organs, respectively, can be recommended in the treatment of oligospermia, impotence, late puberty, primary and secondary amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, adnexitis, early menopause, fibrocystic mastopathy, polycystic ovaries. Rhodiola preparations accelerate the processes of repair (healing) of wounds, injuries, and bone fractures, and therefore are recommended for use in the pre- and postoperative period [46] . Decoction and lotions from the aerial parts are used in folk medicine for trachoma [40] .

Application for cosmetic and perfumery purposes

In clinical medical studies in humans, rhodiola extract has a positive effect on sensitive and aging skin, improving its general condition [47] . Due to the content in the rhizomes with the roots of valuable biologically active substances: rosavin, tyrosol, salidroside, phytosterols, flavonoids, tannins, phenol carboxylic acids and their derivatives, essential oil, trace elements (manganese, silver, etc.), organic acids (succinic, malic and etc.), extracts from Rhodiola rosea have a multilateral positive effect on humans when used in creams. Creams with Rhodiola rosea extracts have pronounced stimulating and adaptogenic properties; они замедляют процессы старения, повышают сопротивляемость и устойчивость всего организма и кожного покрова к разнообразному комплексу внешних неблагоприятных факторов окружающей среды: патогенным микроорганизмам, рентгеновскому и ионизирующему облучению, токсическим химическим соединениям и др. Особенно эффективны кремы с золотым корнем при переутомлении, стрессе, наличии раздраженной, чувствительной и повреждённой кожи. В этом случае нормализуются обменные процессы, улучшается энергетический обмен в клетках, за счёт более раннего использования в качестве субстратов окисления не только углеводов, но и жиров, ускоряются процессы регенерации кожи; уменьшаются трансэпидермальные потери воды; повышаются барьерные (защитные) функции кожного покрова. В результате чего улучшается общее состояние кожи, замедляется её старение и кожа омолаживается, исчезает сухость, появляется чувство комфорта, снижается уровень депрессии.

Употребление в других целях

Надземная часть употребляется в пищу, а также используется в салаты.

Интродукция

С целью решения вопроса интродукции на склоне горы Сарлык и в окрестностях города Горно-Алтайска в 1970 — 1973 годах были заложены участки (плантации) по изучению условий произрастания родиолы розовой в культуре и естественных условиях. Опытами установлено, что в культуре происходит увеличение общей кустистости и размера ассимилирующих органов. Семенные растения увеличивают вес корневища почти в 20 раз, а способ размножения семенами под зиму оказался наиболее эффективным [48] . Введение родиолы розовой в культуру имеет перспективу в использовании и сохранении этого растения.

Notes

  1. ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
  2. ↑ Красная книга Российской Федерации (Растения и грибы). — М. : Министерство природных ресурсов и экологии РФ и Росприроднадзор, 2008. — С. 182. — ISBN 958-5-87317-476-8.
  3. ↑ Pannossian et al., 2010 .
  4. ↑ Трощенко, Кутикова, 1967 .
  5. ↑ Запесочная, Куркин, 1978 .
  6. ↑ Куркин и др., 1985 .
  7. ↑ 1 2 3 Краснов и др., 1979 .
  8. ↑ Краснов и др., 1966 .
  9. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Саратиков, 1974 .
  10. ↑ Запесочная и др., 1985 .
  11. ↑ 1 2 Rohloff, 2002 .
  12. ↑ 1 2 3 Куркин и др., 1984 .
  13. ↑ 1 2 Растительные ресурсы…, 1990 .
  14. ↑ Запесочная, Куркин, 1983 .
  15. ↑ Ревина и др., 1976 .
  16. ↑ Evstavieva et al., 2010 .
  17. ↑ Mings et al., 2005 .
  18. ↑ (Машковский, 2000)
  19. ↑ (Qian et al., 2012)
  20. ↑ (Li et al., 2012)
  21. ↑ (Li et al., 2011; Shi et al., 2012)
  22. ↑ (Sun et al., 2012)
  23. ↑ (Wang et al., 2009)
  24. ↑ (Соколов и др., 1985)
  25. ↑ (Ming et al., 2005)
  26. ↑ (Cybulska et al., 2011)
  27. ↑ (Mattioli et al., 2012)
  28. ↑ (Mattioli, Perfumi, 2011)
  29. ↑ (Cifani et al., 2010)
  30. ↑ (Palumbo et al, 2012)
  31. ↑ (Bystritsky et al., 2008)
  32. ↑ (Jafari et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2012)
  33. ↑ (Барнаулов и др., 1986)
  34. ↑ (Pannossian et al., 2010)
  35. ↑ (Perfumi, Mattioli, 2007; Mattioli et al., 2009)
  36. ↑ (Барнаулов, 2001)
  37. ↑ (Куркин, 1985)
  38. ↑ Блинова К. Ф. и др. Ботанико-фармакогностический словарь : Справ. пособие / Под ред. К. Ф. Блиновой, Г. П. Яковлева. — М. : Высш. шк., 1990. — С. 230—231. - ISBN 5-06-000085-0 .
  39. ↑ (Qiang et al., 2012)
  40. ↑ 1 2 3 (Растительные ресурсы…., 1990)
  41. ↑ (Турова, 1971)
  42. ↑ (Шретер, 1975)
  43. ↑ (Крылов, 1972)
  44. ↑ (Хайдав и др., 1985)
  45. ↑ (Минаева ,1991)
  46. ↑ (Барнаулов, 2001 ; Соколов, Замотаев, 1988)
  47. ↑ (Diemant et al., 2008)
  48. ↑ Днепровский Ю. М., Ким Е. Ф., Юманова Т. П. Сезонное развитие и рост Rhodiola rosea L. в связи с интродукцией // Бюл. ГБС АН СССР. — 1975. — Вып. 98.

Literature

  • Атлас лекарственных растений России. Под ред Быкова В. А. М. 2006. 347 с.
  • Барнаулов О. Д. Женьшень и другие адаптогены. (Лекции по фитотерапии). SPb. Изд-во «ЭЛБИ», 2001. 140 с.
  • Барнаулов О. Д., А. Ю. Лимаренко, В. А. Куркин, Г. Г. Запесочная, А. Н. Щавлинский. СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ *СОЕДИНЕНИЙ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ ВИДОВ RHODIOLA L Химико фармацевтический журнал , 1986, вып 11, стр.1107-1112
  • Государственная Фармакопея СССР. XI изд., вып. 2. М., Медицина. 1990. ст. 75 «Корневища и корни родиолы розовой».
  • Запесочная Г. Г., Куркин В. А. Гликозиды коричного спирта из корневищ Rhodiola rosea // Химия природных соединений : журнал. — 1978. — № 4 . — С. 519—520 .
  • Запесочная Г. Г., Куркин В. А. Флавоноиды корневищ Rhodiola rosea // Химия природных соединений : журнал. - 1983. - No. 1 . — С. 23—32 .
  • Запесочная Г. Г., Куркин В. А., Щавлинский А. Н. Химическое изучение корневищ и надземной части Rhodiola rosea L // Тез. doc. Всесоюз. scientific conf. «Рез-ты и перспективы науч. иссл. в обл. создания лек. средств из раст. сырья». — М. , 1985. — С. 92—93 .
  • Краснов Е. А. и др. Стимуляторы центральной нервной системы. — Томск, 1966. — С. 72—76.
  • Краснов Е. А., Саратиков А. С., Суров Ю. П. Растения семейства толстянковых. — Томск, 1979. — 208 с.
  • Крылов Г. В., Травы жизни и их искатели.2-е доп.изд. Западно-Сиб.книж.изд-во, Новосибирск. 1972 449 с.
  • Куркин В. А. Химическое изучение родиолы розовой (Rhodiola rosea L.) : Автореф. dis. канд. фармац.наук. М., 1985. 20 с.
  • Куркин В. А., Запесочная Г. Г., Щавлинский А. Н. Флавоноиды корневищ Rhodiola rosea L // Химия природных соединений : журнал. — 1984. — № 3 . — С. 390 .
  • Куркин В. А., Запесочная Г. Г., Щавлинский А. Н. Флавоноиды надземной части Rhodiola rosea L/// Химия природных соединений, 1984. № 5, с 657—658
  • Куркин В. А. и др. Метод определения подлинности и качества корневищ родиолы розовой // Хим.-фарм. журнал. — 1985. — Вып. 3 . — С. 185—190 .
  • Машковский М. Д., Лекарственные средства. Пособие для врачей, Том I изд14-е переработ, исправл/ и дополн. М., Новая Волна, 2000
  • Минаева В. Г. Лекарственные растения Сибири.5-е изд. Перераб и допол. Наука, Новосибирск. 1991, 431 с.
  • Растительные ресурсы СССР : цветковые растения, их химический состав, использование. Семейства Caprofoliaceae — Plantaginaceae. — Л. : Наука, 1990. — 328 с.
  • Ревина Т. А. и др. Биологические особенности и химический состав Rhodiola rosea L., выращиваемой в Томске // Растит. ресурсы : журнал. — 1976. — Т. 12 , вып. 3 . — С. 355—360 .
  • Саратиков А. С. Золотой корень (Родиола розовая). — 2-е изд., перераб. and add. — Изд-во Томск. ун-та, 1974. — 158 с.
  • Соколов С. Я., Замотаев И. П. Справочник по лекарственным растениям. М.Медицина, 1988. 464 с
  • Соколов С. Я., В. М. Ивашин, Г. Г. Запесочная, В. А. Куркин, А. Н. Щавлинский ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НЕЙРОТРОПНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ НОВЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ *РОДИОЛЫ РОЗОВОЙ Химико фармацевтический журнал, 1985, т. 19, вып11, стр.1367-1371
  • Трощенко А. Г., Кутикова Г. А. Родиолозид Rhodiola rosea и Rh. quadrifida // Химия природных соединений : журнал. — 1967. — № 4 . — С. 244—249 .
  • Турова А. Д. Перспективные лекарственные растения по данным опыта народной медицины и экспедиций ВИЛР. Материалы Всесоюз. Науч.конф.:О расширении использования природных ресурсов лекарственных растений с учетом изучения опыта народной медицины. Тбилиси. 1971. с.46-51
  • Хайдав Ц., Алтанчимэг Б., Варламова Т. С. Лекарственные растения в Монгольской медицине. Улан-Батор. Госиздательство. 1985.391 с.
  • Цицилин А. Н. Русские лекарственные растения. М.Эксмо. 2010. 736 с.
  • Шретер А. И. Лекарственная флора Советского Дальнего Востока. М.1975. 328 с.
  • Борисова А. Г. Rhodiola rosea — Родиола розовая // Флора СССР : в 30 т. / гл. ed. V.L. Komarov . - M .; Л. : Изд-во АН СССР , 1939. — Т. 9 / ред. тома С. В. Юзепчук . — С. 29—30. - 540, XIX p. - 5200 copies.
  • Bystritsky A, Kerwin L, Feusner LD. A pilot study of Rhodiola rosea (Rhodax) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). J Altern Complement Med 2008 Mar;14(2):175-80.
  • Cifani C, Micioni Di B MV, Vitale G, Ruggieri V, Ciccocioppo R, Massi M. Effect of salidroside, active principle of Rhodiola rosea extract, on binge eating.Physiol Behav. 2010 Dec 2;101(5):555-562
  • Cybulska P, Thakur SD, Foster BS, Scott IM, Leduc RI, Arnason JT, Dillon JA. Extracts of Canadian first nations medicinal plants, used as natural products, inhibit neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with different antibiotic resistance profiles. Sex Transm Dis 2011 Jul;38(7):667-671.
  • Diemant Gde C, Valazquez Pereda Mdel C, Eberlin S, Nogueira C, Werka RM, Queiroz ML. Neuroimmunomodulatory compound for sensitive skin care: in vitro and clinical assessment. J Cosmet Dermatol 2008 Jun;7(2):112-119.
  • Evstavieva L. et al. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Rhodiola rosea L. of three different origins // Pharmacogn. Mag. — 2010. — Т. 6 (24) . — С. 256—258 .
  • Jafari M, Felgner IS, Bussel II, Hutchili T, Khodayari B, Rose MR, Vince-Cruz C, Mueller LD. Rhodiola: a promising anti-aging Chinese herb. *Rejuvenation Res 2007 Dec;10(4):587-602.
  • Li F, Tang X, Xiao F, Gong J, Peng Y, Meng X. Protective effect of salidroside from Rhodiolae Radix on diabetes-induced oxidative stress in mice. Molecules 2011 Dec 1;16(12):9912-9924
  • Li X, Sipple J, Pang Q, Du W. Salidroside stimulates DNA repair enzyme Parp-1 activity in mouse HSC maintenance. Blood. 2012 May 3;119(18):4162-4173.
  • Liu Z, Li X, Simoneau AR, Jafari M, Zi X. Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside decrease the growth of bladder cancer cell lines via inhibition of the mTOR pathway and induction of autophagy. Mol Carcinog 2012 Mar;51(3):257-267.
  • Mattioli L, Funari C , Perfumi M.. Effects of Rhodiola rosea L. extract on behavioural and physiological alterations induced by chronic mild stress in female rats. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Mar;23(2):130-142.
  • Mattioli L, Perfumi M. Evaluation of Rhodiola rosea L. extract on affective and physical signs of nicotine withdrawal in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2011 Mar;25(3):402-410.
  • Mattioli L, Titomanlio F, Perfumi M. Effects of a Rhodiola rosea L. extract on the acquisition, expression, extinction, and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 May;221(2):183-193
  • Mings DS et al. Bioactive compounds from Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae) // Phytoter. Res : журнал. — 2005. — Т. 19 (9) . — С. 740—743 .
  • Palumbo DR, Occhiuto F, Spadaro F, Circosta C. Rhodiola rosea Extract Protects Human Cortical Neurons against Glutamate and Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Cell Death Through Reduction in the Accumulation of Intracellular Calcium. Phytother Res 2012 Jun;26(6):878-883
  • Pannossian A., Wikman G., Sarris J. Rosenroot (Rhodiola rosea): traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology and clinical efficacy // Phytomedicine : журнал. - 2010 .-- Vol. 17 (7). — P. 481—493.
  • Perfumi M, Mattioli L. Adaptogenic and central nervous system effects of single doses of 3 % rosavin and 1 % salidroside Rhodiola rosea L. extract in mice. Phytother Res 2007 Jan;21(1):37-43.
  • Pooja, Bawa AS, Khanum F. Anti-inflammatory activity of Rhodiola rosea--«a second-generation adaptogen». Phytother Res. 2009 Aug;23(8):1099-1102.
  • Qian EW, Ge DT, Kong SK. Salidroside protects human erythrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. J Nat Prod 2012 Apr 27;75(4):531-537.
  • Rohloff J. Volatiles from rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea L. // Phytochemistry : журнал. - 2002. - Vol. 59 (6). — P. 655—661.
  • Shi TY, Feng SF, Xing JH, Wu YM, Li XQ, Zhang N, Tian Z, Liu SB, Zhao MG. Neuroprotective effects of Salidroside and its analogue tyrosol galactoside against focal cerebral ischemia in vivo and H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Neurotox Res. 2012 May;21(4):358-367.
  • Sun C, Wang Z, Zheng Q, Zhang H Salidroside inhibits migration and invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. Phytomedicine 2012 Feb 15;19(3-4):355-363
  • Wang H, Ding Y, Zhou J, Sun X, Wang S. The in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of salidroside from Rhodiola rosea L. against coxsackievirus B3. Phytomedicine 2009 Mar; 16 (2-3): 146-155.

Links

  • Rhodiola rosea (English) : information on the GRIN website. (Retrieved May 30, 2010)
  • Rhodiola rosea (English)information on theEncyclopedia of Lifewebsite(EOL) (Retrieved May 30, 2010) .
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Родиола_розовая&oldid=100915477


More articles:

  • Tyazhmash
  • Asian Track Cycling Championship
  • HP FOCUS
  • Kurguskin Oleg Anatolyevich
  • Ira (Bashkortostan)
  • Fitzwilliam College (Cambridge)
  • Rarotonga (airport)
  • Pskov province
  • Zhvania, Georgy Silvestrovich
  • Tokarev, Nikolai Andreevich

All articles

Clever Geek | 2019