Aleksandr Aleksandr Mikhailovich ( April 14 [26], 1888 , Morshansk - September 29, 1983 , Leningrad ) - Russian and Soviet astronomer , corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1943 , academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1964 . Hero of Socialist Labor (1978), professor at Moscow State University .
| Alexander Alexandrovich Mikhailov | ||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | April 14 (26), 1888 | |||||||||
| Place of Birth | Morshansk , Tambov Province , Russian Empire | |||||||||
| Date of death | September 29, 1983 (95 years old) | |||||||||
| Place of death | Leningrad , RSFSR , USSR | |||||||||
| A country |  Russian Empire  RSFSR (1917-1922) ,  the USSR | |||||||||
| Scientific field | astronomy , gravimetry , history of science | |||||||||
| Place of work | Moscow State University , Pulkovo Observatory | |||||||||
| Alma mater | Moscow University (1911) | |||||||||
| Academic degree | Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences (1935) | |||||||||
| Academic rank | Professor (1918) , Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1964) | |||||||||
| Known as | scientist, author of star atlases | |||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Content
Biography
Born in Morshansk in the family of hereditary honorary citizen Alexander Petrovich Mikhailov. He studied at a real school (with an additional seventh grade, which opened access to a higher educational institution of an engineering profile) - he graduated in 1906. After passing the exam in Latin, he entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University in 1907. He graduated in 1911 with a gold medal [1] .
In the spring of 1914, Mikhailov was approved as a privat-docent of Moscow University, where he began to give a lecture course "Theory of Eclipses" and "Selected Heads of Star Astronomy." In 1917 he presented his master's thesis "Theory of Solar Eclipses", the defense of which did not take place due to the cancellation of academic degrees; however, in the fall of 1918 he was promoted to professor at Moscow University. In 1919, he additionally became head of the department of the Moscow Land Institute , where he taught theoretical astronomy courses. In 1920-1932, he also headed the Department of World Studies at the Communist University named after Ya. M. Sverdlov . Since 1921, he worked at the State Astrophysical Institute, since 1923 - at the Astronomical and Geodesic Institute at Moscow State University, after the merger of which he was elected professor of the SAI , where he was in charge of the gravimetry sector. In 1935-1941 he was head of the gravimetric laboratory of the Seismological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1935, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences awarded A.A. Mikhailov a doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences without defending a dissertation.
In 1941-1942, he worked as the supervisor of the Tashkent Observatory . In 1942 he returned to Moscow State University and MIIGAiK, where he lectured until 1947.
In 1943, his wife died and he married the daughter of a Czech specialist at the Gorky Automobile Plant, Zdenka Ivanovna Kadla.
In 1947-1964 he was the director of the Pulkovo Observatory , organized the restoration of the observatory, which was almost completely destroyed during the Great Patriotic War . Since 1964, he headed the department of astronomical constants of the Pulkovo Observatory, since 1977 he worked there as a consultant. Member of the CPSU since 1956.
Member of the Main Edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (since 1949).
He died on September 29, 1983 in Moscow. He was buried in St. Petersburg at Pulkovo Heights , at the cemetery of astronomers at the Pulkovo Observatory [2] .
Scientific activity
The works of A. A. Mikhailov relate to the theory of eclipses , stellar astronomy , practical and theoretical gravimetry , astrometry , and the history of science . He participated in many gravimetric studies and astronomical expeditions to observe solar eclipses .
He developed a new equidistant conical projection, which later found application in compiling star maps. In the 1920s, he performed a series of works on determining gravity in the Kursk magnetic anomaly region , which were of great importance for the exploration of iron ore deposits in this region. He proposed a method of reducing gravity by condensing external masses to determine the shape of the Earth . He developed a new technique for observing the “ Einstein effect ” (star light deviation in the gravitational field of the Sun , see General Relativity ) and applied it during an eclipse on June 19, 1936 [3] . Compiled star atlases of various details, including a large star atlas with stars up to 8.25 magnitude . To clarify the constant aberration, he proposed a new type of observation tube, motionlessly directed to the pole of the world (the "polar tube"). He took part in processing the results of the study of the moon by spacecraft . He wrote a number of works on the history of astronomy .
Bibliography
- “On the appearance of Halley's comet” (1910) (with the image on the cover of the comet by A. M. Vasnetsov) [4] .
- “Determination of longitude from observations of moon coverage” (1911).
- “On the determination of the conditions for the visibility of solar eclipses” (1911).
- "The course of gravimetry and the theory of the figure of the Earth" (1933, 1939).
- Eclipse Theory (2nd ed. - 1954)
- Mikhailov A.A. Earth and its rotation . - M .: Nauka, 1984 .-- 80 s. - ( The Quantum Library ). - 150,000 copies. Archived April 30, 2010 on the Wayback Machine
He carried out the general edition of the translation into Russian of the book of Copernicus "On the rotation of the celestial spheres."
He is one of the authors of the Atlas of the Back of the Moon (1960), based on an analysis of photographs of the Luna-3 spacecraft in October 1959.
Membership in Scientific Societies
- Chairman of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939-1962)
- Member of the Paris Bureau of Longitude (since 1946)
- Vice-President of the International Astronomical Union (1946-1948)
- Chairman of the All-Union Astronomical and Geodesic Society (1932-1950)
- Member of the German Academy of Naturalists “Leopoldina” (since 1959)
- Member of the Royal Astronomical Society of London (since 1959)
- Vice President of the International Academy of Astronautics (1967-1979)
Honors and Awards
- Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1959)
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1978)
- Four Orders of Lenin (06/10/1945; 09/19/1953; 04/25/1968; 04/25/1978)
- Order of the October Revolution (09/17/1975)
- medals
- Honorary Doctor of Philosophy, University of Copenhagen (since 1946)
Memory
- The name of Mikhailov is the small planet ( 1910 Mikhailov ), discovered by L.V. Zhuravleva on October 8, 1972 at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory .
- Alexander Alexandrovich Mikhailov became the prototype of Janus Poluektovich Nevstroyev in the story of the Strugatsky brothers “ Monday begins on Saturday ” [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Mikhailov Alexander Alexandrovich .
- ↑ Grave of A.A. Mikhailov at the cemetery of astronomers at the Pulkovo Observatory .
- ↑ The result obtained was consistent with the theory of relativity. A. A. Mikhailov published a number of works on this subject, and in 1959 he lectured at the Royal Society of London.
- ↑ History of astronomy.
- ↑ OFF-LINE interview with Boris STRUGATSKY. PNVS . - Answer of B. N. Strugatsky to the question of Tatyana Timofeeva from St. Petersburg, Russia, dated June 19, 2000. - "... and Janus Poluektovich strongly resembles the then director of the Pulkovo Observatory Alexander Alexandrovich Mikhailov." Date of treatment May 4, 2017.
Literature
- Kolchinsky I.G., Korsun A.A., Rodriguez M.G. Astronomers: A Biographical Reference. - 2nd ed., Revised. and additional .. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka , 1986. - 512 p.
- Mikhailov Alexander Alexandrovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Kozenko A.V. Alexander Alexandrovich Mikhailov (on the 125th anniversary of his birth) // Earth and Universe . - 2014. - No. 1 . - S. 49-57 . - ISSN 0044-3948 .
Links
- Profile of Alexander Alexandrovich Mikhailov on the official website of the RAS
- Mikhailov Alexander Alexandrovich . Chronicle of Moscow University . Date of appeal March 27, 2018.