James Coles Prichard ( born James Cowles Prichard ; February 11, 1786 , Ross-on-Wye , Herefordshire ( England - December 23, 1848 , London ) - an English doctor , psychiatrist , ethnologist and anthropologist . Doctor of Medicine. Member of the Royal Society of London .
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| Awards and prizes | member of the Royal Society of London [d] |
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Biography
He studied medicine in Edinburgh , and then (after the necessary transition from Quakerism to Anglicanism ) continued his studies in Cambridge and Oxford . Since 1845, Pritchard served as medical commissar in Lunasi. Supervised medical practice in Bristol while publishing numerous scientific papers.
He was engaged in the genesis and characteristics of the human races , which were the main subject of interest in contemporary anthropology.
Then he moved to London , where he was elected president of the ethnological society. He remained in this post until his death in 1848.
In 1813, Pritchard published the results of his research in the field of the physical history of mankind , in which he was based on the Bible and the theological concept of monogenism . According to him, all races have a common origin, and humanity comes from common ancestors (like the biblical Adam and Eve ), and the differences between them (especially racial differences ) can be explained by environmental differences and lifestyle. After he developed the concept, which he outlined in the "Natural History of Man." Prichard explained racial differences in the processes of evolution and degeneration, where he attributed the main importance to the lifestyle of a given people; human societies develop in the process of evolution, and each level of lifestyle can be attributed to a suitable lifestyle, as well as to racial types corresponding to it. By changing their lifestyle, races can achieve a higher degree of civilization and morality.
He argued with the supporters of Polygenism , who claimed the independent origin of human races from different species or considering such races as separate species.
The first introduced the term “ moral insanity ” into the science of mental illness. He belongs to the term " senile dementia ."
Pritchard's work greatly contributed to the introduction of the inductive research method in the field of psychiatry and anthropology.
Died of rheumatism .
Selected Works
- "Researches into the physical history of man" (4th ed., 1841-1851),
- "Natural history of man" (4th ed., 1855),
- “The eastern origin of the celtic nation” (1831 and new ed. 1857),
- “Analisys of the egyptian mythology” (2nd ed., 1838),
- "Review of the doctrine of a vital principle etc." (1829),
- "Treatise on insanity" (1835),
- "On the different forms of insanity in relation to jurisprudence" (1842).
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
Literature
- Gérald Gaillard: The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists. London - New York: Routledge, 2004, s. 4. ISBN 0-415-22825-5 . (eng.)
Links
- Pritchard, James-Couls // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.